管理和人因的安全干预对建筑工人不安全行为的影响研究
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摘要
管理和人因的安全干预对建筑工人不安全行为的预防至关重要。在对建筑工人不安全行为的影响因素进行识别的基础上,制定了管理和人因的安全干预措施,进而对管理和人因的安全干预与建筑工人不安全行为的影响机理进行理论假设;基于理论假设,考虑项目级和班组级安全氛围、不安全行为的影响因素,从人因层面和管理层面对建筑工人不安全行为展开相关的干预试验,建立了管理安全干预和人因安全干预对建筑工人不安全行为影响的机理模型,并采用SPSS和Amos软件对模型进行了拟合和对比分析。结果表明:①管理安全干预和人因安全干预对项目级安全氛围的提升产生0.171和0.160的正向影响,但管理安全干预比人因安全干预的干预效果好;②管理安全干预实施后,项目级安全氛围的提升对建筑工人不安全行为的减少较为显著;③人因安全干预实施后,班组级安全氛围的提升对建筑工人不安全行为的减少较为显著。该研究成果可为建筑工人不安全行为的组合干预提供一定的理论指导。
Management safety intervention and human safety intervention are critical to preventing the unsafe behavior of construction workers.On the basis of identifying the influencing factors of unsafe behavior of construction workers,this paper formulates safety intervention measures for management and human factors,and then assumes the influence mechanism of management safety intervention,human safety intervention and unsafe behavior of construction workers.Based on theoretical assumptions,considering projectlevel and team-level safety climate,and influencing factors of unsafe behaviors,the paper carries out relevant intervention experiments on the unsafe behavior of construction workers at the human factor level and the management level,and establishes a mechanism model of the influence of management safety intervention and human safety intervention on the unsafe behavior of construction workers.The paper uses SPSS and Amos to fit and compare the model.The research results show that:①Management safety intervention and human safety intervention have a positive impact on the project-level safety atmosphere with a positive impact of 0.171 and 0.160,but the management safety intervention is better than the human safety intervention;②After the implementation of the management safety intervention,the improvement of the project-level safety atmosphere is more significant for the reduction of unsafe behaviors;③After the implementation of the human safety interventions,the improvement of the safety atmosphere at the team level is more significant for the reduction of unsafe behavior.The research results provide some theoretical guidance for the combination intervention of unsafe behavior of construction workers.
Management safety intervention and human safety intervention are critical to preventing the unsafe behavior of construction workers.On the basis of identifying the influencing factors of unsafe behavior of construction workers,this paper formulates safety intervention measures for management and human factors,and then assumes the influence mechanism of management safety intervention,human safety intervention and unsafe behavior of construction workers.Based on theoretical assumptions,considering projectlevel and team-level safety climate,and influencing factors of unsafe behaviors,the paper carries out relevant intervention experiments on the unsafe behavior of construction workers at the human factor level and the management level,and establishes a mechanism model of the influence of management safety intervention and human safety intervention on the unsafe behavior of construction workers.The paper uses SPSS and Amos to fit and compare the model.The research results show that:①Management safety intervention and human safety intervention have a positive impact on the project-level safety atmosphere with a positive impact of 0.171 and 0.160,but the management safety intervention is better than the human safety intervention;②After the implementation of the management safety intervention,the improvement of the project-level safety atmosphere is more significant for the reduction of unsafe behaviors;③After the implementation of the human safety interventions,the improvement of the safety atmosphere at the team level is more significant for the reduction of unsafe behavior.The research results provide some theoretical guidance for the combination intervention of unsafe behavior of construction workers.
引文
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[20]Zwerling C.A review of a guide to evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for preventing work injuries:How to show whether a safety intervention really works[J].Journal of Safety Research,2001,32(4):501-503.
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[23]杨振宏,丁光灿,张涛,等.基于SEM的建筑工人不安全行为传播影响因素研究[J].安全与环境学报,2018(3):987-992.
[2]Mazlina Z M,Hadikusumo B H W.Structural equation model of integrated safety intervention practices affecting the safety behaviour of workers in the construction industry[J].Safety Science,2017,98:124-135.
[3]Loosemore M,Malouf N.Safety training and positive safety attitude formation in the Australian construction industry[J].Safety Science,2019,113:233-243.
[4]Bronkhorst B,Tummers L,Steijn B.Improving safety climate and behavior through a multifaceted intervention:Results from a field experiment[J].Safety Science,2018,103:293-304.
[5]Newaz M T,Davis P,Jefferies M,et al.Using apsychological contract of safety to predict safety climate on construction sites[J].Journal of Safety Research,2019,68:9-19.
[6]Mullan B,Smith L,Sainsbury K,et al.Active behaviour change safety interventions in the construction industry:A systematic review[J].Safety Science,2015,79:139-148.
[7]田水承,刘波,麻俊平.压抑情绪下矿工不安全情绪持续时间影响因素及干预对策研究[J].煤炭技术,2018(10):363-365.
[8]陈芳,郭娜,张新剑.管制员不安全行为干预策略研究[J].安全与环境学报,2018(1):193-198.
[9]黄芹芹,祁神军,张云波,等.建筑工人习惯性不安全行为干预策略的SD模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2018(7):25-31.
[10]祁神军,姚明亮,成家磊,等.安全激励对具从众动机的建筑工人不安全行为的干预作用[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2018(12):186-192.
[11]Potter R E,Dollard M F,Owen M S,et al.Assessing a national work health and safety policy intervention using the psychosocial safety climate framework[J].Safety Science,2017,100:91-102.
[12]成家磊,祁神军,张云波.组织氛围对建筑工人不安全行为的影响机理及实证研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017(11):11-16.
[13]王秉,吴超,黄浪.一种基于安全信息的安全行为干预新模型:S-IKPB模型[J].情报杂志,2018(12):1-7.
[14]Guo B H W,Goh Y M,Le Xin Wong K.A system dynamics view of a behavior-based safety program in the construction industry[J].Safety Science,2018,104:202-215.
[15]Manu P,Mahamadu A,Phung V M,et al.Health and safety management practices of contractors in South East Asia:A multi country study of Cambodia,Vietnam,and Malaysia[J].Safety Science,2018,107:188-201.
[16]Teo E A L,Ling F Y Y.Developing a model to measure the level of construction site safety[J].Building and Environment,2006,41(11):1584-1592.
[17]Tam C M,Zeng S X,Deng Z M.Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China[J].Safety Science,2004,42(7):569-586.
[18]Chen Y,McCabe B,Hyatt D.Impact of individual resilience and safety climate on safety performance and psychological stress of construction workers:A case study of the Ontario construction industry[J].Journal of Safety Research,2017,61:167-176.
[19]闫文周,杨翻艳,杨波涛.地铁施工班组安全氛围对人因风险传播的SEM研究[J].土木工程与管理学报,2018,35(2):39-44.
[20]Zwerling C.A review of a guide to evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for preventing work injuries:How to show whether a safety intervention really works[J].Journal of Safety Research,2001,32(4):501-503.
[21]Robson L S,Clarke J A,Cullen K,et al.The effectiveness of occupational health and safety management system interventions:A systematic review[J].Safety Science,2007,45(3):329-353.
[22]Hale A R,Guldenmund F W,van Loenhout P L C H,et al.Evaluating safety management and culture interventions to improve safety:Effective intervention strategies[J].Safety Science,2010,48(8):1026-1035.
[23]杨振宏,丁光灿,张涛,等.基于SEM的建筑工人不安全行为传播影响因素研究[J].安全与环境学报,2018(3):987-992.