飞机结构件槽特征加工摆线螺旋复合刀轨生成方法
|
摘要
针对飞机结构件槽特征传统的单/双向折线或环切加工时刀具的切削力大、刀轨存在尖点、加工方向突变、容易引起刀具振动等问题,提出了飞机槽特征摆线螺旋复合刀轨生成算法。该方法采用摆线铣对飞机结构件槽特征进行开槽,避免了第一刀满刀加工,降低了进刀切削力;采用螺旋刀轨进行飞机结构件槽特征腹板面的加工,减小了机床的震颤,增加了刀轨的平稳性;在转角处采用转角循环铣加工刀轨改善了转角的切削力状况。同时在刀轨连接处采用变螺旋曲线进行过渡,保证了曲率的连续变化。切削实验表明,该刀轨改善了飞机结构件槽特征加工过程中的切削力和刀具振动,提高了工件表面加工质量。
In the conventional direction-parallel and contour-parallel tool path strategies for the pocket machining,the cutting force and vibration are aggravated at inflection points and the sharp corners due to the drawbacks of these tool path strategies.In order to address the issues,a cycloid and spiral integrated tool path generation method for pocket machining of aircraft structural parts is proposed.Firstly,the cycloid tool path is used to slot the pocket where the cutting force can be reduced.Secondly,the spiral tool path is utilized for the machining of pocket bottom where the machining chatter can be avoided and the stability of the tool path can be guaranteed.Thirdly,the corner-looping based tool path is embedded for the improvement of machining condition in corners.Meanwhile,the clothoid curve segment is adopted so as to smooth the transition of tool paths by taking the advantage of its continuous curvature change.Experimental results show that,by using the proposed method,cutting force condition can be improved and the vibration during machining can be reduced,while the surface machining quality is also satisfied.
In the conventional direction-parallel and contour-parallel tool path strategies for the pocket machining,the cutting force and vibration are aggravated at inflection points and the sharp corners due to the drawbacks of these tool path strategies.In order to address the issues,a cycloid and spiral integrated tool path generation method for pocket machining of aircraft structural parts is proposed.Firstly,the cycloid tool path is used to slot the pocket where the cutting force can be reduced.Secondly,the spiral tool path is utilized for the machining of pocket bottom where the machining chatter can be avoided and the stability of the tool path can be guaranteed.Thirdly,the corner-looping based tool path is embedded for the improvement of machining condition in corners.Meanwhile,the clothoid curve segment is adopted so as to smooth the transition of tool paths by taking the advantage of its continuous curvature change.Experimental results show that,by using the proposed method,cutting force condition can be improved and the vibration during machining can be reduced,while the surface machining quality is also satisfied.
引文
[1]韩雄,汤立民.大型航空结构件数控加工装备与先进加工技术[J].航空制造技术,2009(1):42-47.Han Xiong,Tang Limin.NC Machining equipment and advanced machining technology for large aircraft component[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2009(1):42-47.
[2]刘战强,万熠,艾兴.高速铣削中切削力的研究[J].中国机械工程,2004,14(9):734-737.Liu Zhanqiang,Wan Yi,Ai Xing.Cutting forces in high speed milling[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2004,14(9):734-737.
[3]Pateloup V,Duc E,Ray P.Corner optimization for pocket machining[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2004,44(12):1343-1353.
[4]安鲁陵,周来水,庄海军,等.型腔高速铣削刀轨生成算法研究[J].计算机辅助设计与形学学报,2004,16(9):1202-1206.An Luling,Zhou Laishui,Zhuang Haijun,et al.Tool path generation for high-speed milling of pockets[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,2004,16(9):1202-1206.
[5]Choy H S,Chan K W.A corner-looping based tool path for pocket milling[J].Computer-Aided Design,2003,35(2):155-166.
[6]Wang H C,Jang P,Stori J A.A metric-based approach to two-dimensional(2D)tool-path optimization for high-speed machining[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,2005,127(2):33-48.
[7]姜晓峰,周来水.复杂多曲面3轴粗加工刀轨优化的计算方法[J].中国机械工程,1999,10(10):1182-1184.Jiang Xiaofeng,Zhou Laishui.Optimization of tool path in the 3-axis rough milling of complex multi-surfaces[J].China Mechanical Engineering,1999,10(10):1182-1184.
[8]陈晓兵,廖文和,戴宁,等.利用调和映射的复杂网格曲面螺旋刀轨生成算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2012,24(11):1399-1404.Chen Xiaobing,Liao Wenhe,Dai Ning,et al.Algorithm for spiral tool path generation using harmonic map for complex mesh surface machining[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,2012,24(11):1399-1404.
[9]王玉国,周来水,安鲁陵,等.型腔铣削加工光滑螺旋刀轨生成算法[J].航空学报,2008,29(1):216-220.Wang Yuguo,Zhou Laishui,An Luling,et al.Smooth spiral tool path generation for pocket milling[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2008,29(1):216-220.
[10]孙全平,廖文和.基于摆线的高速铣削刀轨生成算法研究[J].机械制造,2003,41(5):12-14.
[11]石可伟,周后明.型腔高速加工环间移刀轨迹优化——Clothoid曲线[J].湖南工程学院学报:自然科学版,2012,22(2):25-27.Shi Kewei,Zhou Houming.On toolpath optimization between loops in HSM of pocket clothoid curve[J].Journal of Hunan Institute of Engineering:Natural Science Edition,2012,22(2):25-27.
[12]Sun Y W,Guo D M,Jia Z Y.Spiral cutting operation strategy for machining of sculptured surfaces by conformal map approach[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2006,180(1):74-82.
[13]孙全平,廖文和,盛亮.高速铣削刀轨优化技术的研究[J].机械科学与技术,2004,23(8):922-926.Sun Quanping,Liao Wenhe,Sheng Liang.Research on tool-path optimization for high speed milling[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2004,23(8):922-926.
[14]张石磊,李迎光,刘长青,等.基于环分析的飞机结构件槽特征腹板精加工区域自动创建方法[J].中国机械工程,2013,24(13):1728-1733.Zhang Shilei,Li Yingguang,Liu Changqing,et al.Loop-analysis-based automatic creation method for bottom finish machining region of pocket feature in aircraft structural parts[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2013,24(13):1728-1733.
[15]高鑫,李迎光,张臣,等.飞机结构件内型转角一体加工刀轨生成方法[EB/OL].http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1929.v.20131230.1702.003.html,2013-12-30.Gao Xin,Li Yingguang,Zhang Chen,et al.An integrated machining tool path generation method for corner and profile of aircraft structural parts[EB/OL].http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1929.v.20131230.1702.003.html,2013-12-30.
[16]李孟山,李少元.回旋曲线点位坐标计算公式[J].工程勘察,2002(1):62-63.Li Mengshan,Li Shaoyuan.The coordinate computational formula of clothoid[J].Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying,2002(1):62-63.
[2]刘战强,万熠,艾兴.高速铣削中切削力的研究[J].中国机械工程,2004,14(9):734-737.Liu Zhanqiang,Wan Yi,Ai Xing.Cutting forces in high speed milling[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2004,14(9):734-737.
[3]Pateloup V,Duc E,Ray P.Corner optimization for pocket machining[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2004,44(12):1343-1353.
[4]安鲁陵,周来水,庄海军,等.型腔高速铣削刀轨生成算法研究[J].计算机辅助设计与形学学报,2004,16(9):1202-1206.An Luling,Zhou Laishui,Zhuang Haijun,et al.Tool path generation for high-speed milling of pockets[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,2004,16(9):1202-1206.
[5]Choy H S,Chan K W.A corner-looping based tool path for pocket milling[J].Computer-Aided Design,2003,35(2):155-166.
[6]Wang H C,Jang P,Stori J A.A metric-based approach to two-dimensional(2D)tool-path optimization for high-speed machining[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,2005,127(2):33-48.
[7]姜晓峰,周来水.复杂多曲面3轴粗加工刀轨优化的计算方法[J].中国机械工程,1999,10(10):1182-1184.Jiang Xiaofeng,Zhou Laishui.Optimization of tool path in the 3-axis rough milling of complex multi-surfaces[J].China Mechanical Engineering,1999,10(10):1182-1184.
[8]陈晓兵,廖文和,戴宁,等.利用调和映射的复杂网格曲面螺旋刀轨生成算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2012,24(11):1399-1404.Chen Xiaobing,Liao Wenhe,Dai Ning,et al.Algorithm for spiral tool path generation using harmonic map for complex mesh surface machining[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,2012,24(11):1399-1404.
[9]王玉国,周来水,安鲁陵,等.型腔铣削加工光滑螺旋刀轨生成算法[J].航空学报,2008,29(1):216-220.Wang Yuguo,Zhou Laishui,An Luling,et al.Smooth spiral tool path generation for pocket milling[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2008,29(1):216-220.
[10]孙全平,廖文和.基于摆线的高速铣削刀轨生成算法研究[J].机械制造,2003,41(5):12-14.
[11]石可伟,周后明.型腔高速加工环间移刀轨迹优化——Clothoid曲线[J].湖南工程学院学报:自然科学版,2012,22(2):25-27.Shi Kewei,Zhou Houming.On toolpath optimization between loops in HSM of pocket clothoid curve[J].Journal of Hunan Institute of Engineering:Natural Science Edition,2012,22(2):25-27.
[12]Sun Y W,Guo D M,Jia Z Y.Spiral cutting operation strategy for machining of sculptured surfaces by conformal map approach[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2006,180(1):74-82.
[13]孙全平,廖文和,盛亮.高速铣削刀轨优化技术的研究[J].机械科学与技术,2004,23(8):922-926.Sun Quanping,Liao Wenhe,Sheng Liang.Research on tool-path optimization for high speed milling[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2004,23(8):922-926.
[14]张石磊,李迎光,刘长青,等.基于环分析的飞机结构件槽特征腹板精加工区域自动创建方法[J].中国机械工程,2013,24(13):1728-1733.Zhang Shilei,Li Yingguang,Liu Changqing,et al.Loop-analysis-based automatic creation method for bottom finish machining region of pocket feature in aircraft structural parts[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2013,24(13):1728-1733.
[15]高鑫,李迎光,张臣,等.飞机结构件内型转角一体加工刀轨生成方法[EB/OL].http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1929.v.20131230.1702.003.html,2013-12-30.Gao Xin,Li Yingguang,Zhang Chen,et al.An integrated machining tool path generation method for corner and profile of aircraft structural parts[EB/OL].http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1929.v.20131230.1702.003.html,2013-12-30.
[16]李孟山,李少元.回旋曲线点位坐标计算公式[J].工程勘察,2002(1):62-63.Li Mengshan,Li Shaoyuan.The coordinate computational formula of clothoid[J].Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying,2002(1):62-63.