Role of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific in the East Asian summer monsoon system
|
摘要
Precipitation observations collected at weather stations in eastern China, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the tropical cyclone(TC) Best Track Dataset, and a sensitivity numerical experiment were used in the present study to investigate the role in the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) system played by frequent TC activities over the western North Pacific(WNP). Results indicated that, in active TC years, the EASM is stronger and the southerly winds in the lower troposphere advance farther north and reach higher latitudes.Meanwhile, the monsoon rain belt remains in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley for a relatively short period,leading to less precipitation there. Both the western Pacific subtropical high and the South Asian high weaken with the northward shift of the ridgelines for both high-pressure systems as well as the East Asian subtropical upper-level jet. Therefore, the impacts of frequent TC activities over the WNP on each individual component of the EASM are in phase with those of the stronger EASM itself, amplifying features of the already strengthened EASM.
Precipitation observations collected at weather stations in eastern China, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the tropical cyclone(TC) Best Track Dataset, and a sensitivity numerical experiment were used in the present study to investigate the role in the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) system played by frequent TC activities over the western North Pacific(WNP). Results indicated that, in active TC years, the EASM is stronger and the southerly winds in the lower troposphere advance farther north and reach higher latitudes.Meanwhile, the monsoon rain belt remains in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley for a relatively short period,leading to less precipitation there. Both the western Pacific subtropical high and the South Asian high weaken with the northward shift of the ridgelines for both high-pressure systems as well as the East Asian subtropical upper-level jet. Therefore, the impacts of frequent TC activities over the WNP on each individual component of the EASM are in phase with those of the stronger EASM itself, amplifying features of the already strengthened EASM.
Precipitation observations collected at weather stations in eastern China, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the tropical cyclone(TC) Best Track Dataset, and a sensitivity numerical experiment were used in the present study to investigate the role in the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) system played by frequent TC activities over the western North Pacific(WNP). Results indicated that, in active TC years, the EASM is stronger and the southerly winds in the lower troposphere advance farther north and reach higher latitudes.Meanwhile, the monsoon rain belt remains in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley for a relatively short period,leading to less precipitation there. Both the western Pacific subtropical high and the South Asian high weaken with the northward shift of the ridgelines for both high-pressure systems as well as the East Asian subtropical upper-level jet. Therefore, the impacts of frequent TC activities over the WNP on each individual component of the EASM are in phase with those of the stronger EASM itself, amplifying features of the already strengthened EASM.
引文
Archambault,H.M.,Keyser,D.,Bosart,L.F.,Davis,C.A.,and Cordeira,J.M.(2015).A composite perspective of the extratropical flow response to recurving western north Pacific tropical cyclones.Mon.Wea.Rev.,143(4),1122-1141.https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00270.1
Chan,J.C.L.(2000).Tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific associated with El Ni?o and La Ni?a events.J.Climate,13(16),2960-2972.https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2960:TCAOTW>2.0.CO;2
Chen,T.C.,Wang,S.Y.,Yen,M.C.,and Gallus,W.A.(2004).Role of the monsoongyre in the interannual variation of tropical cyclone formation over the western North Pacific.Wea.Forecasting,19(4),776-785.https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0776:ROTMGI>2.0.CO;2
Chen,T.-C.,Wang,S.-Y.,and Yen,M.-C.(2006).Interannual variation of the tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific.J.Climate,19(21),5709-5720.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3934.1
Chen,X.,Zhong,Z.,and Lu,W.(2017).Association of the poleward shift of East Asian subtropical upper-level jet with frequent tropical cyclone activities over the western North Pacific in summer.J.Climate,30(14),5597-5603.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0334.1
Choi,K.-S.,Cha,Y.-M.,Kim,H.-D.,and Kang,S.-D.(2016).Possible relationship between East Asian summer monsoon and western North Pacific tropical cyclone genesis frequency.Theor.Appl.Climatol.,124(1-2),81-90.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1383-4
Fu,B.,Peng,S.M.,Li,T.,and Stevens,D.E.(2012).Developing versus nondeveloping disturbances for tropical cyclone formation.PartⅡ:western North Pacific.Mon.Wea.Rev.,140(4),1067-1080.https://doi.org/10.1175/2011MWR3618.1
Ge,X.Y.,Li,T.,and Peng,M.S.(2013).Tropical cyclone genesis efficiency:midlevel versus bottom vortex.J.Trop.Meteor.,19(3),197-213.
Grams,C.M.,and Archambault,H.M.(2016).The key role of diabatic outflow in amplifying the midlatitude flow:a representative case study of weather systems surrounding western north Pacific extratropical transition.Mon.Wea.Rev.,144(10),3847-3869.https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0419.1
Ha,Y.,Zhong,Z.,Hu,Y.J.,and Yang,X.-Q.(2013).Influences of ENSO on Western North Pacific tropical cyclone kinetic energy and its meridional transport.J.Climate,26(1),322-332.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00543.1
Hsu,H.-H.,Hung,C.H.,Lo,A.-K.,Wu,C.-C.,and Hung,C.W.(2008).Influence of tropical cyclones on the estimation of climate variability in the tropical Western North Pacific.J.Climate,21(12),2960-2975.https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1847.1
Hu,C.D.,Zhang,C.Y.,Yang,S.,and Chen,D.K.(2018).Variable correspondence between western North Pacific tropical cyclone frequency and East Asian subtropical jet stream during boreal summer:A tropical Pacific sea surface temperature perspective.Int.J.Climatol.,39(3),1768-1776.https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5905
Huang,G.,Qu,X.,and Hu,K.M.(2011).The impact of the tropical Indian Ocean on South Asian High in boreal summer.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,28(2),421-432.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-9224-y
Huang,R.H.,Chen,J.L.,and Huang,G.(2007).Characteristics and variations of the East Asian monsoon system and its impacts on climate disasters in China.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,24(6),993-1023.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-007-0993-x
Jansen,M.,and Ferrari,R.(2009).Impact of the latitudinal distribution of tropical cyclones on ocean heat transport.Geophys.Res.Lett.,36(6),L06604.https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036796
JMA.(2012).Regional Specialized Meteorological Center of Japan Meteorological Agency TC Best Track Data site.Accessed 1 July 2013.Available online at http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmchp-pub-eg/RSMC_HP.htm
Kalnay,E.,Kanamitsu,M.,Kistler,R.,Collins,W.,Deaven,D.,Gandin,L.,Iredell,M.,Saha,S.,White,G.,…Joseph,D.(1996).The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year reanalysis project.Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc.,77(3),437-472.https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2
Kawamura,R.,and Ogasawara,T.(2006).On the role of typhoons in generating PJ teleconnection patterns over the Western North Pacific in Late Summer.Sci.Online Lett.Atmos.,2,37-40.https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2006-010
Kim,D.,Jin,C.-S.,Ho,C.-H.,Kim,J.,and Kim,J.H.(2015).Climatological features of WRF-simulated tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific.Climate Dyn.,44(11-12),3223-3235.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2410-3
Liao,Z.J.,and Zhang,Y.C.(2013).Concurrent variation between the East Asian subtropical jet and polar front jet during persistent snowstorm period in2008 winter over southern China.J.Geophys.Res.Atmos.,118(12),6360-6373.https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50558
Liu,B.Q.,Wu,G.X.,and Ren,R.C.(2015).Influences of ENSO on the vertical coupling of atmospheric circulation during the onset of South Asian summer monsoon.Climate Dyn.,45(7-8),1859-1875.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2439-3
Liu,J.,Kuang,X.Y.,and Zhang,Y.C.(2010).Relationship between the East Asia subtropical westerly jet in the upper troposphere and the subtropical south Asian high.Sci.Meteor.Sin.,30(1),34-41.
Liu,Y.M.,and Wu,G.X.(2004).Progress in the study on the formation of the summertime subtropical anticyclone.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,21(3),322-342.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02915562
Lu,R.Y.(2004).Associations among the components of the East Asian summer monsoon system in the meridional direction.J.Meteor.Soc.Japan,82(1),155-165.https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.82.155
Lu,R.Y.,Li,Y.,and Ryu,C.-S.(2008).Relationship between the zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high and the dominant modes of low-tropospheric circulation in summer.Prog.Nat.Sci.,18(2),161-165.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.07.009
Lu,R.Y.,Ye,H.,and Jhun,J.G.(2011).Weakening of interannual variability in the summer East Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet since the mid-1990s.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,28(6),1246-1258.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-011-0222-5
Matsuura,T.,Yumoto,M.,and Iizuka,S.(2003).A mechanism of interdecadal variability of tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific.Climate Dyn.,21(2),105-117.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-003-0327-3
Qu,X.,and Huang,G.(2012).Impacts of tropical Indian Ocean SST on the meridional displacement of East Asian jet in boreal summer.Int.J.Climatol.,32(13),2073-2080.https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2378
Ren,X.J.,Yang,X.-Q.,and Sun,X.G.(2013).Zonal oscillation of western Pacific subtropical high and subseasonal SST variations during Yangtze persistent heavy rainfall events.J.Climate,26(22),8929-8946.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00861.1
Ren,X.J.,Yang,D.J.,and Yang,X.-Q.(2015).Characteristics and mechanisms of the subseasonal eastward extension of the South Asian High.J.Climate,28(17),6799-6822.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00682.1
Sampe,T.,and Xie,S.P.(2010).Large-scale dynamics of the Meiyu-Baiu rainband:environmental forcing by the westerly jet.J.Climate,23(1),113-134.https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3128.1
Skamarock,W.C.,Klemp,J.B.,Dudhia,J.,Gill,D.O.,Barker,D.M.,Duda,M.G.,Huang,X.Y.,Wang,W.,and Powers,J.G.(2008).A description of the advanced research WRF version 3.NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-475+STR.Boulder,Colorado,USA:National Center for Atmospheric Research.https://doi.org/10.5065/D68S4MVH
Su,Z.Z.,Yu,J.H.,Sun,C.H.,Ren,F.M.,Wang,Y.Q.,and Liang,X.Y.(2010).The initial evaluation of tropical cyclone potential predictability in the Northwestern Pacific using the IPRC regional climate model.J.Trop.Meteor.26(2),165-173.https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2010.02.005
Sun,X.G.,Greatbatch,R.J.,Park,W.,and Latif,M.(2010).Two major modes of variability of the East Asian summer monsoon.Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,136(649),829-841.https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.635
Sun,Y.,Zhong,Z.,Lu,W.,and Hu,Y.J.(2014).Why are tropical cyclone tracks over the western North Pacific sensitive to the cumulus parameterization scheme in regional climate modeling?A case study for Megi(2010).Mon.Wea.Rev.,142(2),1240-1249.https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-13-00232.1
Sun,Y.,Zhong,Z.,Dong,H.,Shi,J.,and Hu,Y.J.(2015).Sensitivity of tropical cyclone track simulation over the western North Pacific to different heating/drying rates in the Betts-Miller-Janji?scheme.Mon.Wea.Rev.,143(9),3478-3494.https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00340.1
Tao,S.Y.,and Chen,L.X.(1987).A review of recent research on the East Asian summer monsoon in China.In C.P.Chang,and T.N.Krishnamurti(Eds.),Monsoon Meteorology(pp.60-92).Oxford:Oxford University Press.
Wang,B.,Ho,L.,Zhang,Y.S.,and Lu,M.-M.(2004).Definition of South China Sea monsoon onset and commencement of the East Asia summer Monsoon.J.Climate,17(4),699-710.https://doi.org/10.1175/2932.1
Wang,Z.Q.,Duan,A.M.,and Wu,G.X.(2014).Time-lagged impact of spring sensible heat over the Tibetan Plateau on the summer rainfall anomaly in East China:case studies using the WRF model.Climate Dyn.,42(11-12),2885-2898.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1800-2
Yang,H.,Zhi,X.F.,Gao,J.,and Liu,Y.(2011).Variation of East Asian summer monsoon and its relationship with precipitation of China in recent 111years.Agric.Sci.Technol.,12(11),1711-1716.https://doi.org/10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2011.11.012
Yang,J.,Bao,Q.,Wang,B.,Gong,D.-Y.,He,H.Z.,and Gao,M.N.(2014).Distinct quasi-biweekly features of the subtropical East Asian monsoon during early and late summers.Climate Dyn.,42(5-6),1469-1486.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1728-6
Zhang,P.F.,Liu,Y.M.,and He,B.(2016).Impact of East Asian summer monsoon heating on the interannual variation of the South Asian High.J.Climate,29(1),159-173.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0118.1
Zhang,Q.,Zheng,Y.J.,Singh,V.P.,Luo,M.,and Xie,Z.H.(2017).Summer extreme precipitation in eastern China:Mechanisms and impacts.J.Geophys.Res.Atmos.,122(5),2766-2778.https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025913
Zhang,Q.Y.,and Tao,S.Y.(1998).Tropical and subtropical monsoon over East Asia and its influence on the rainfall over eastern China in summer.Quart.J.Appl.Meteor.,9(S1),17-23.
Zhong,Z.,Tang,X.Z.,Lu,W.,and Chen,Z.Y.(2015).The relationship of summertime upper level jet over East Asia and the Pacific-Japan teleconnection.J.Meteor.Sci.,35(6),672-683.https://doi.org/10.3969/2015jms.0051
Zhu,Z.,Zhong,Z.,and Ha,Y.(2017).Relationship between typhoon cyclone during Meiyu period over the Northwest Pacific and Jiang-huai Meiyu.J.Meteor.Sci.,37(4),522-528.https://doi.org/10.3969/2016jms.0060
Chan,J.C.L.(2000).Tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific associated with El Ni?o and La Ni?a events.J.Climate,13(16),2960-2972.https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2960:TCAOTW>2.0.CO;2
Chen,T.C.,Wang,S.Y.,Yen,M.C.,and Gallus,W.A.(2004).Role of the monsoongyre in the interannual variation of tropical cyclone formation over the western North Pacific.Wea.Forecasting,19(4),776-785.https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0776:ROTMGI>2.0.CO;2
Chen,T.-C.,Wang,S.-Y.,and Yen,M.-C.(2006).Interannual variation of the tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific.J.Climate,19(21),5709-5720.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3934.1
Chen,X.,Zhong,Z.,and Lu,W.(2017).Association of the poleward shift of East Asian subtropical upper-level jet with frequent tropical cyclone activities over the western North Pacific in summer.J.Climate,30(14),5597-5603.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0334.1
Choi,K.-S.,Cha,Y.-M.,Kim,H.-D.,and Kang,S.-D.(2016).Possible relationship between East Asian summer monsoon and western North Pacific tropical cyclone genesis frequency.Theor.Appl.Climatol.,124(1-2),81-90.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1383-4
Fu,B.,Peng,S.M.,Li,T.,and Stevens,D.E.(2012).Developing versus nondeveloping disturbances for tropical cyclone formation.PartⅡ:western North Pacific.Mon.Wea.Rev.,140(4),1067-1080.https://doi.org/10.1175/2011MWR3618.1
Ge,X.Y.,Li,T.,and Peng,M.S.(2013).Tropical cyclone genesis efficiency:midlevel versus bottom vortex.J.Trop.Meteor.,19(3),197-213.
Grams,C.M.,and Archambault,H.M.(2016).The key role of diabatic outflow in amplifying the midlatitude flow:a representative case study of weather systems surrounding western north Pacific extratropical transition.Mon.Wea.Rev.,144(10),3847-3869.https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-15-0419.1
Ha,Y.,Zhong,Z.,Hu,Y.J.,and Yang,X.-Q.(2013).Influences of ENSO on Western North Pacific tropical cyclone kinetic energy and its meridional transport.J.Climate,26(1),322-332.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00543.1
Hsu,H.-H.,Hung,C.H.,Lo,A.-K.,Wu,C.-C.,and Hung,C.W.(2008).Influence of tropical cyclones on the estimation of climate variability in the tropical Western North Pacific.J.Climate,21(12),2960-2975.https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1847.1
Hu,C.D.,Zhang,C.Y.,Yang,S.,and Chen,D.K.(2018).Variable correspondence between western North Pacific tropical cyclone frequency and East Asian subtropical jet stream during boreal summer:A tropical Pacific sea surface temperature perspective.Int.J.Climatol.,39(3),1768-1776.https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5905
Huang,G.,Qu,X.,and Hu,K.M.(2011).The impact of the tropical Indian Ocean on South Asian High in boreal summer.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,28(2),421-432.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-9224-y
Huang,R.H.,Chen,J.L.,and Huang,G.(2007).Characteristics and variations of the East Asian monsoon system and its impacts on climate disasters in China.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,24(6),993-1023.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-007-0993-x
Jansen,M.,and Ferrari,R.(2009).Impact of the latitudinal distribution of tropical cyclones on ocean heat transport.Geophys.Res.Lett.,36(6),L06604.https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036796
JMA.(2012).Regional Specialized Meteorological Center of Japan Meteorological Agency TC Best Track Data site.Accessed 1 July 2013.Available online at http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmchp-pub-eg/RSMC_HP.htm
Kalnay,E.,Kanamitsu,M.,Kistler,R.,Collins,W.,Deaven,D.,Gandin,L.,Iredell,M.,Saha,S.,White,G.,…Joseph,D.(1996).The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year reanalysis project.Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc.,77(3),437-472.https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2
Kawamura,R.,and Ogasawara,T.(2006).On the role of typhoons in generating PJ teleconnection patterns over the Western North Pacific in Late Summer.Sci.Online Lett.Atmos.,2,37-40.https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2006-010
Kim,D.,Jin,C.-S.,Ho,C.-H.,Kim,J.,and Kim,J.H.(2015).Climatological features of WRF-simulated tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific.Climate Dyn.,44(11-12),3223-3235.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2410-3
Liao,Z.J.,and Zhang,Y.C.(2013).Concurrent variation between the East Asian subtropical jet and polar front jet during persistent snowstorm period in2008 winter over southern China.J.Geophys.Res.Atmos.,118(12),6360-6373.https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50558
Liu,B.Q.,Wu,G.X.,and Ren,R.C.(2015).Influences of ENSO on the vertical coupling of atmospheric circulation during the onset of South Asian summer monsoon.Climate Dyn.,45(7-8),1859-1875.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2439-3
Liu,J.,Kuang,X.Y.,and Zhang,Y.C.(2010).Relationship between the East Asia subtropical westerly jet in the upper troposphere and the subtropical south Asian high.Sci.Meteor.Sin.,30(1),34-41.
Liu,Y.M.,and Wu,G.X.(2004).Progress in the study on the formation of the summertime subtropical anticyclone.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,21(3),322-342.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02915562
Lu,R.Y.(2004).Associations among the components of the East Asian summer monsoon system in the meridional direction.J.Meteor.Soc.Japan,82(1),155-165.https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.82.155
Lu,R.Y.,Li,Y.,and Ryu,C.-S.(2008).Relationship between the zonal displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high and the dominant modes of low-tropospheric circulation in summer.Prog.Nat.Sci.,18(2),161-165.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.07.009
Lu,R.Y.,Ye,H.,and Jhun,J.G.(2011).Weakening of interannual variability in the summer East Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet since the mid-1990s.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,28(6),1246-1258.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-011-0222-5
Matsuura,T.,Yumoto,M.,and Iizuka,S.(2003).A mechanism of interdecadal variability of tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific.Climate Dyn.,21(2),105-117.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-003-0327-3
Qu,X.,and Huang,G.(2012).Impacts of tropical Indian Ocean SST on the meridional displacement of East Asian jet in boreal summer.Int.J.Climatol.,32(13),2073-2080.https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2378
Ren,X.J.,Yang,X.-Q.,and Sun,X.G.(2013).Zonal oscillation of western Pacific subtropical high and subseasonal SST variations during Yangtze persistent heavy rainfall events.J.Climate,26(22),8929-8946.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00861.1
Ren,X.J.,Yang,D.J.,and Yang,X.-Q.(2015).Characteristics and mechanisms of the subseasonal eastward extension of the South Asian High.J.Climate,28(17),6799-6822.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00682.1
Sampe,T.,and Xie,S.P.(2010).Large-scale dynamics of the Meiyu-Baiu rainband:environmental forcing by the westerly jet.J.Climate,23(1),113-134.https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3128.1
Skamarock,W.C.,Klemp,J.B.,Dudhia,J.,Gill,D.O.,Barker,D.M.,Duda,M.G.,Huang,X.Y.,Wang,W.,and Powers,J.G.(2008).A description of the advanced research WRF version 3.NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-475+STR.Boulder,Colorado,USA:National Center for Atmospheric Research.https://doi.org/10.5065/D68S4MVH
Su,Z.Z.,Yu,J.H.,Sun,C.H.,Ren,F.M.,Wang,Y.Q.,and Liang,X.Y.(2010).The initial evaluation of tropical cyclone potential predictability in the Northwestern Pacific using the IPRC regional climate model.J.Trop.Meteor.26(2),165-173.https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2010.02.005
Sun,X.G.,Greatbatch,R.J.,Park,W.,and Latif,M.(2010).Two major modes of variability of the East Asian summer monsoon.Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,136(649),829-841.https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.635
Sun,Y.,Zhong,Z.,Lu,W.,and Hu,Y.J.(2014).Why are tropical cyclone tracks over the western North Pacific sensitive to the cumulus parameterization scheme in regional climate modeling?A case study for Megi(2010).Mon.Wea.Rev.,142(2),1240-1249.https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-13-00232.1
Sun,Y.,Zhong,Z.,Dong,H.,Shi,J.,and Hu,Y.J.(2015).Sensitivity of tropical cyclone track simulation over the western North Pacific to different heating/drying rates in the Betts-Miller-Janji?scheme.Mon.Wea.Rev.,143(9),3478-3494.https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00340.1
Tao,S.Y.,and Chen,L.X.(1987).A review of recent research on the East Asian summer monsoon in China.In C.P.Chang,and T.N.Krishnamurti(Eds.),Monsoon Meteorology(pp.60-92).Oxford:Oxford University Press.
Wang,B.,Ho,L.,Zhang,Y.S.,and Lu,M.-M.(2004).Definition of South China Sea monsoon onset and commencement of the East Asia summer Monsoon.J.Climate,17(4),699-710.https://doi.org/10.1175/2932.1
Wang,Z.Q.,Duan,A.M.,and Wu,G.X.(2014).Time-lagged impact of spring sensible heat over the Tibetan Plateau on the summer rainfall anomaly in East China:case studies using the WRF model.Climate Dyn.,42(11-12),2885-2898.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1800-2
Yang,H.,Zhi,X.F.,Gao,J.,and Liu,Y.(2011).Variation of East Asian summer monsoon and its relationship with precipitation of China in recent 111years.Agric.Sci.Technol.,12(11),1711-1716.https://doi.org/10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2011.11.012
Yang,J.,Bao,Q.,Wang,B.,Gong,D.-Y.,He,H.Z.,and Gao,M.N.(2014).Distinct quasi-biweekly features of the subtropical East Asian monsoon during early and late summers.Climate Dyn.,42(5-6),1469-1486.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1728-6
Zhang,P.F.,Liu,Y.M.,and He,B.(2016).Impact of East Asian summer monsoon heating on the interannual variation of the South Asian High.J.Climate,29(1),159-173.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0118.1
Zhang,Q.,Zheng,Y.J.,Singh,V.P.,Luo,M.,and Xie,Z.H.(2017).Summer extreme precipitation in eastern China:Mechanisms and impacts.J.Geophys.Res.Atmos.,122(5),2766-2778.https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025913
Zhang,Q.Y.,and Tao,S.Y.(1998).Tropical and subtropical monsoon over East Asia and its influence on the rainfall over eastern China in summer.Quart.J.Appl.Meteor.,9(S1),17-23.
Zhong,Z.,Tang,X.Z.,Lu,W.,and Chen,Z.Y.(2015).The relationship of summertime upper level jet over East Asia and the Pacific-Japan teleconnection.J.Meteor.Sci.,35(6),672-683.https://doi.org/10.3969/2015jms.0051
Zhu,Z.,Zhong,Z.,and Ha,Y.(2017).Relationship between typhoon cyclone during Meiyu period over the Northwest Pacific and Jiang-huai Meiyu.J.Meteor.Sci.,37(4),522-528.https://doi.org/10.3969/2016jms.0060