莱州湾南部地区1973—2016年海岸演化及防护对策
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摘要
全球气候变暖、海平面上升加剧了海岸侵蚀,为海岸带地区的工程建设、经济发展和生态环境保护等造成了重大威胁。研究莱州湾南部海岸演化规律,可为潍坊市经济社会可持续发展、建设"海上山东"等提供理论支持。通过莱州湾南部地区陆地资源卫星影像,对1973—2016年海岸带自然景观进行分析,提取了莱州湾南部1973年、1980年、1990年、2000年、2010年、2016年的6期海岸线。研究结果表明,莱州湾南部40多年来海岸线演化与海岸带建设和经济发展密切相关,具有阶段性的特征。总的来说,莱州湾南部逐渐由天然海岸转变为人工海岸,海岸工程大规模修建地区海岸线向海推进,否则海岸线向陆退缩。莱州湾南部海岸线演化的主要控制因素有海平面上升、河流输沙减少和海岸工程建设。1990年前自然因素起主导作用,2000年后人类活动占主导地位。海平面上升给莱州湾南部海岸防护和侵蚀海岸的修复工作造成持续缓慢的压力。莱州湾南部海岸防护工作应以长期持续的现场观测为基础,遵循海岸线演化规律,开展综合手段防护治理,同时完善立法,提高管理水平。
Coastal erosion is getting intensified due to global climate warming and sea-level rising.It brings great challenges to coastal communities for coastal construction,economic development and environmental protection.Research on coastline evolution will provide a theoretical support to the sustainable development of coastal cities,such as Weifang,and to the development strategy of Shandong on the Sea.In this article,six coastlines in the years of 1973,1980,1990,2000,2010 and 2016 respectively are picked up to detect the evolution of coastal landscape of southern Laizhou Bay from landsat satellite images.The research results indicate the coastline evolution in southern coast of Laizhou Bay is in a periodic pattern in the past forty years,as a responding to the construction and economic development of the coastal region.The coast has changed from the natural to the artificial coast in general.The coastlines protected by large-scale coastal constructions,will move gradually to the sea.For the other part where natural coasts dominate,however,coastal lines will retreat towards the land.The coastline evolution of southern Laizhou Bay is mainly influenced by three major factors:the global sea level rise,the decrease in water and sediment discharge and human activities.The natural factors dominated the coastal evolution during 1973-1990,while the human activities predominated after 2000.Sea level rise will give rise to a slow but sustain pressure to the coastal protection and reconstruction of erosion coast in southern Laizhou Bay.Therefore,long-term observation is suggested to monitor the coastline evolution for prevention of coastal erosion in the region.Legislation and management should be enforced.
Coastal erosion is getting intensified due to global climate warming and sea-level rising.It brings great challenges to coastal communities for coastal construction,economic development and environmental protection.Research on coastline evolution will provide a theoretical support to the sustainable development of coastal cities,such as Weifang,and to the development strategy of Shandong on the Sea.In this article,six coastlines in the years of 1973,1980,1990,2000,2010 and 2016 respectively are picked up to detect the evolution of coastal landscape of southern Laizhou Bay from landsat satellite images.The research results indicate the coastline evolution in southern coast of Laizhou Bay is in a periodic pattern in the past forty years,as a responding to the construction and economic development of the coastal region.The coast has changed from the natural to the artificial coast in general.The coastlines protected by large-scale coastal constructions,will move gradually to the sea.For the other part where natural coasts dominate,however,coastal lines will retreat towards the land.The coastline evolution of southern Laizhou Bay is mainly influenced by three major factors:the global sea level rise,the decrease in water and sediment discharge and human activities.The natural factors dominated the coastal evolution during 1973-1990,while the human activities predominated after 2000.Sea level rise will give rise to a slow but sustain pressure to the coastal protection and reconstruction of erosion coast in southern Laizhou Bay.Therefore,long-term observation is suggested to monitor the coastline evolution for prevention of coastal erosion in the region.Legislation and management should be enforced.
引文
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[23]秦亚超,李日辉.表层沉积物粒度所指示的渤海现代沉积体系[J].第四纪研究,2017,37(3):654-666.
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[25]李晓炜,侯西勇,邸向红,等.从生态系统服务角度探究土地利用变化引起的生态失衡——以莱州湾海岸带为例[J].地理科学,2016,36(8):1197-1204.
[26]王庆.全新世以来山东半岛东北部海面变化的河流地貌响应[J].地理科学,1999,19(3):225-236.
[27]高抒.废黄河口海岸侵蚀与对策[J].海岸工程,1989,8(1):37-42.
[28]庄振业,印萍,吴建政,等.鲁南沙质海岸的侵蚀量及其影响因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000,20(3):15-21.
[29] Liu Z X,Xia D X,Bernes S,et al.Tidal deposition systems of China’s continental shelf,with special reference to the eastern BohaiSea[J].Marine Geology,1998,145(3):225-253.
[30]朱玉荣.潮流场对渤、黄、东海陆架底质分布的控制作用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2001,21(2):7-13.
[31]成国栋,薛春汀.黄河三角洲沉积地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[32]张永强,迟万清,胡泽建,等.黄河清水沟流路大嘴的形成对莱州湾潮流场影响的数值研究[J].海洋科学进展,2010,28(2):149-157.
[33] Bruun P.Sea-level as a cause of shore erosion[J].Journal of Water-ways and Harbours Division.Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers.1962,88(1):117-130.
[34]中国海平面公报.中国海洋信息网.http:∥www.coi.gov.cn/hygb/.
[35]韩景瑞,王世溪.黄河三角洲海岸线蚀退原因及对策[J].石油工程建设,2002,28(4):13-15.
[36]黄河水资源公报.中国水利国际合作与科技网.http:∥www.cws.net.cn/cwsnet/gazette/huanghe/2001/index.html.
[37]盛静芬,朱大奎.海岸侵蚀和海岸线管理的初步研究[J].海洋通报,2002,21(4):50-57.
[38] Thampanya U,Vermaat J E,Sinsakul S,et al.Coastal erosion and mangrove progradation of Southern Thailand[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,68(1):75-85.
[2] Bryant E.Regional sea level,Southern Oscillation and beach change,New South Wales,Australia[J].Nature,1983,305(5931):213-216.
[3] Dolan R,Fenster M S,Holme S.Spatial analysis of shoreline recession and accretion[J].Journal of Coastal Research,1992,8(2):263-285.
[4]夏东兴,王文海,武桂秋.中国海岸侵蚀述要[J].地理学报,1993,48(5):468-473.
[5]蔡锋,苏贤泽,刘建辉,等.全球气候变化背景下我国海岸侵蚀问题及防范对策[J].自然科学进展,2008,18(10):1093-1103.
[6]印萍,林良俊,陈斌,等.中国海岸带地质资源与环境评价研究[J].中国地质,2017,44(5):842-856.
[7]薛春汀.中国海岸侵蚀治理和海岸保护[J].海洋地质前沿,2002,18(2):6-9.
[8]季子修,蒋自巽,朱季文,等.海平面上升对长江三角洲和苏北滨海平原海岸侵蚀的可能影响[J].地理学报,1993,4(6):516-526.
[9]印萍.沙子口湾海岸侵蚀原因及防治对策研究[J].海洋科学进展,1998,16(1):7-14.
[10] Barrie J V,Conway K W.Rapid sea-level change and coastal evolution on the Pacific margin of Canada[J].Sedimentary Geology,2002,150(1):171-183.
[11]王文海,吴桑云.山东省海岸侵蚀灾害研究[J].自然灾害学报,1993,2(4):60-66.
[12]庄振业,鞠连军,冯秀丽,等.山东莱州三山岛—刁龙嘴地区沙坝泻湖沉积和演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14(4):43-52.
[13]丰爱平,夏东兴,谷东起,等.莱州湾南岸海岸侵蚀过程与原因研究[J].海洋科学进展,2006,24(1):83-90.
[14]李蒙蒙,王庆,张安定,等.最近50年来莱州湾西-南部淤泥质海岸地貌演变研究[J].海洋通报,2013,32(2):141-151.
[15]李雪艳,王庆,王红艳,等.莱州湾东部潮上带土地利用对海岸蚀退的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(6):1347-1357.
[16]战超,于君宝,王庆,等.近60年莱州湾东部砂质海岸地貌的时空动态[J].海洋学报,2017,39(9):90-100.
[17]季子修,施雅风.海平面上升、海岸带灾害与海岸防护问题[J].自然灾害学报,1996,5(2):56-64.
[18]吴桑云,王文海.山东省9216号强热带气旋风暴期间的海岸侵蚀灾害[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14(4):71-78.
[19]王庆,夏东兴.山东半岛北岸与南岸现代岸线差异及其影响因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(1):109-115.
[20]赵保仁,方国洪,曹德明.渤、黄、东海潮汐潮流的数值模拟[J].海洋学报,1994,16(5):1-10.
[21]成国栋.黄河三角洲现代沉积作用及模式[M].北京:地质出版社,1991:15-40.
[22]薛春汀,丁东.渤海莱州湾南岸潍河-弥河三角洲:沉积序列和沉积格架[J].地理科学,2008,28(5):672-676.
[23]秦亚超,李日辉.表层沉积物粒度所指示的渤海现代沉积体系[J].第四纪研究,2017,37(3):654-666.
[24]杨鸣.莱州湾南岸海岸带环境退化及治理对策研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2005.
[25]李晓炜,侯西勇,邸向红,等.从生态系统服务角度探究土地利用变化引起的生态失衡——以莱州湾海岸带为例[J].地理科学,2016,36(8):1197-1204.
[26]王庆.全新世以来山东半岛东北部海面变化的河流地貌响应[J].地理科学,1999,19(3):225-236.
[27]高抒.废黄河口海岸侵蚀与对策[J].海岸工程,1989,8(1):37-42.
[28]庄振业,印萍,吴建政,等.鲁南沙质海岸的侵蚀量及其影响因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000,20(3):15-21.
[29] Liu Z X,Xia D X,Bernes S,et al.Tidal deposition systems of China’s continental shelf,with special reference to the eastern BohaiSea[J].Marine Geology,1998,145(3):225-253.
[30]朱玉荣.潮流场对渤、黄、东海陆架底质分布的控制作用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2001,21(2):7-13.
[31]成国栋,薛春汀.黄河三角洲沉积地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[32]张永强,迟万清,胡泽建,等.黄河清水沟流路大嘴的形成对莱州湾潮流场影响的数值研究[J].海洋科学进展,2010,28(2):149-157.
[33] Bruun P.Sea-level as a cause of shore erosion[J].Journal of Water-ways and Harbours Division.Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers.1962,88(1):117-130.
[34]中国海平面公报.中国海洋信息网.http:∥www.coi.gov.cn/hygb/.
[35]韩景瑞,王世溪.黄河三角洲海岸线蚀退原因及对策[J].石油工程建设,2002,28(4):13-15.
[36]黄河水资源公报.中国水利国际合作与科技网.http:∥www.cws.net.cn/cwsnet/gazette/huanghe/2001/index.html.
[37]盛静芬,朱大奎.海岸侵蚀和海岸线管理的初步研究[J].海洋通报,2002,21(4):50-57.
[38] Thampanya U,Vermaat J E,Sinsakul S,et al.Coastal erosion and mangrove progradation of Southern Thailand[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,68(1):75-85.