比粉与比能对激光熔覆NiWC25特性的影响
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摘要
目的探究激光熔覆过程中比粉和比能对合金粉末与基体的结合特性、熔覆层宏观形貌和微观结构、熔覆层最大宽度和结合宽度比值的影响规律,找出熔覆层既无柱节结构又具有良好冶金结合的比粉和比能的可选范围。方法采用正交实验和单一控制变量相结合,制备出一组单道熔覆层,分析该熔覆层比粉和比能对柱节结构、临界结合结构、均匀圆柱结构的影响特性。结果当激光熔覆的比粉大于7vs/mm、比能大于200ws/mm时,熔覆层最大宽度与熔覆层结合宽度的比值大于1.41,熔覆层和基体之间出现间隙,使熔融合金粉末在熔覆过程中沿着垂直于基体方向塌陷,形成了明显柱节结构的熔覆层;当比能为200 ws/mm、比粉小于5vs/mm时,熔覆层的宏观形貌为均匀圆柱形结构,且熔覆层最大宽度与基体和NiWC25的结合宽度比值为1;当比粉大于7 vs/mm、比能小于100 ws/mm时,NiWC25和基体出现临界熔覆层,甚至出现基体和熔融Ni WC25合金粉末脱离现象。结论只要激光熔覆的比粉在3～5 vs/mm、比能在100～200 ws/mm范围内变动时,不仅能保证熔覆层无任何柱节结构,且基体和NiWC25结合宽度与熔覆层最大宽度比值恒等于1,从而使基体与NiWC25合金具有良好的冶金结合性能。
The work aims to investigate the effects law of specific powder and specific energy on the bonding characteristics of alloy powder and matrix, the macroscopic and microstructure of cladding layer, the maximum width of cladding layer and the ratio of bonding width during the laser cladding and then to find the optional range of specific powder and specific energy for cladding layer with column-free structure and good metallurgical junction. A series of single-pass cladding layers were prepared by orthogonal experiments and single control variables. The influence characteristics of the specific powder and specific energy of cladding layer on the column structure, critical combination structure and uniform cylindrical structure were analyzed. When the specific powder of laser cladding was more than 7 vs/mm and the specific energy was more than 200 ws/mm, the ratio of the maximum width to the bonding width of the cladding layer was bigger than 1.41. The gap between the cladding layer and the matrix made the molten alloy powder collapse along the direction perpendicular to the substrate during the cladding process and form a cladding layer with a distinct column structure. When the specific energy was 200 ws/mm and the specific powder was less than 5 vs/mm, the macroscopic morphology of the cladding layer was uniform and appeared cylindrical structure and the ratio of the cladding laser maximum width to the combined width of the substrate and NiWC25 was 1. When the specific powder was larger than 7 vs/mm and the specific energy was less than 100 ws/mm, the NiWC25 and the matrix exhibited a critical cladding layer, and even a matrix and melting NiWC25 alloy powder detachment phenomenon. As long as the specific powder of laser cladding is more than 3～5 vs/mm and the specific energy is within the range of 100～200 ws/mm, it can not only ensure that the cladding layer has no column structure, but also the ratio of the maximum width to the cladding layer is always equal to 1, so as to ensure good metallurgical bonding properties between the matrix and the NiWC25 alloy.
The work aims to investigate the effects law of specific powder and specific energy on the bonding characteristics of alloy powder and matrix, the macroscopic and microstructure of cladding layer, the maximum width of cladding layer and the ratio of bonding width during the laser cladding and then to find the optional range of specific powder and specific energy for cladding layer with column-free structure and good metallurgical junction. A series of single-pass cladding layers were prepared by orthogonal experiments and single control variables. The influence characteristics of the specific powder and specific energy of cladding layer on the column structure, critical combination structure and uniform cylindrical structure were analyzed. When the specific powder of laser cladding was more than 7 vs/mm and the specific energy was more than 200 ws/mm, the ratio of the maximum width to the bonding width of the cladding layer was bigger than 1.41. The gap between the cladding layer and the matrix made the molten alloy powder collapse along the direction perpendicular to the substrate during the cladding process and form a cladding layer with a distinct column structure. When the specific energy was 200 ws/mm and the specific powder was less than 5 vs/mm, the macroscopic morphology of the cladding layer was uniform and appeared cylindrical structure and the ratio of the cladding laser maximum width to the combined width of the substrate and NiWC25 was 1. When the specific powder was larger than 7 vs/mm and the specific energy was less than 100 ws/mm, the NiWC25 and the matrix exhibited a critical cladding layer, and even a matrix and melting NiWC25 alloy powder detachment phenomenon. As long as the specific powder of laser cladding is more than 3～5 vs/mm and the specific energy is within the range of 100～200 ws/mm, it can not only ensure that the cladding layer has no column structure, but also the ratio of the maximum width to the cladding layer is always equal to 1, so as to ensure good metallurgical bonding properties between the matrix and the NiWC25 alloy.
引文
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[2]李养良,王利.高温合金表面激光熔覆镍基合金研究[J].应用激光,2015,35(3):295-299.LI Yang-liang,WANG Li.Investigation of nickel-based alloys coatings on super-alloys by laser claddig[J].Applied laser,2015,35(3):295-299.
[3]韩剑,黄旭,许强,等.MC3冷轧辊辊颈激光堆焊与氩弧堆焊修复的对比研究[J].热加工工艺,2018,47(15):246-249.HAN Jian,HUANG Xu,XU Qiang,et al.Comparison study on repair of MC3 cold roller neck by laser cladding and argon arc cladding[J].Hot working technology,2018,47(15):246-249.
[4]章坤,郭华彬,孟祥瑞,等.激光重熔处理对高Cr涂层抗高温氧化性的影响及分析[J].金属功能材料,2018,25(4):17-21.ZHANG Kun,GUO Hua-bin,MENG Xiang-rui,et al.Influence and analysis of laser remelting treatment on high temperature oxidation resistance of high Cr coating[J].Metallic functional materials,2018,25(4):17-21
[5]张浩敏,周后明,秦衡峰,等.基体激光熔覆的35Cr Mo钢轴类零件修复再制造试验研究[D].湖南:湘潭大学,2014.ZHANG Hao-min,ZHOU Hou-ming,QIN Heng-feng,et al.Test study on remanufacturing of shaft parts in 35crmo steel by laser cladding[J].Hunan:Xiangtan University,2014.
[6]李高松,李金华,单鹏超,等.WC增强Ni60AA对裂纹与硬度的影响特性[J/OL].激光与光电子学进展:1-11[2018-09-12].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.1690.TN.20180731.1738.026.html.LI Gao-song,LI Jin-hua,SHAN Peng-chao,et al.Effect of WC reinforced Ni60AA on crack and hardness[J/OL].Laser&optoelectronics progress:1-11[2018-09-12].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.1690.TN.20180731.1738.026.html.
[7]张津超,冯爱新,薛伟,等.激光熔覆CaF2/Ni基合金复合涂层的裂纹敏感性及力学性能研究[J].应用激光,2017,37(1):22-26.ZHANG Jin-chao,FENG Ai-xin,XUE Wei,et al.Research on crack susceptibility and mechanical properties of CaF2/Ni Composite coating by laser cladding[J].Applied laser,2017,37(1):22-26.
[8]EMAMIAN A,CORBIN S F,KHAJEPOUR A.The influence of combined laser parameters on in-situ formed tic morphology during laser cladding[J].Surface&coatings technology,2011,206(1):124-131.
[9]LIN Y H,LEI Y P,LI X Q,et al.Astudy of TiB2/TiBgradient coating by laser cladding on titanium alloy[J].Optics and laser sin engineering,2016,82:48-55.
[10]雷临苹,叶宏,崔文语.QPQ处理后H13钢的组织与性能[J].金属热处理,2018,43(5):124-127.LEI Lin-ping,YE Hong,CUI Wen-yu.Microstructure and properties of H13 steel after QPQ treatment[J].Heat treatment of metals,2018,43(5):124-127.
[11]王蔚,刘永贤,JERRY F Y X.ZrO2对激光烧结Al2O3/SiO2/ZrO2显微组织和显微硬度的影响[J].中国机械工程,2014,25(6):727-730.WANG Wei LIU Yong-xian,JERRY F Y X.Effect of ZrO2 on microstructure and microhardness for laser sintered Al2O3/SiO2/ZrO2[J].China mechanical engineering,2014,25(6):727-730.
[12]姚爽,刘洪喜,张晓伟,等.H13钢表面激光原位自生TiC颗粒增强复合涂层的微观结构和摩擦磨损性能[J].中国激光,2014,41(10):67-73.YAO Shuang,LIU Hong-xi,ZHANG Xiao-wei,et al.Microstructure and wear property of TiC particle reinforced composite coatings on H13 steel surfaceby laser in-situ synthesis[J].Chinese journal of lasers,2014,41(10):67-73.
[13]赵静娟,何占启.激光熔覆裂纹问题的研究[J].新技术新工艺,2011(10):58-61.ZHAO Jing-juan,HE Zhan-qi.Research on status of cracking in laser cladding laser[J].New technology&new process,2011(10):58-61.
[14]QUAZI M M,FAZAL M A,HASEEB A S M A,et al.Effect of rare earth elements and their oxides on tribomechanical performance of laser claddings:A review[J].Journal of rare earths,2016,34(6):549-564.
[15]李金华,李高松,张德强,等.激光熔覆NJ-4镍基合金涂层显微硬度的探究[J].表面技术,2018,47(8):77-83.LI Jin-hua,LI Gao-song,ZHANG De-qiang,et al.Study on microhardness of laser cladding NJ-4 powder[J].Surface tecnohlogy,2018,47(8):77-83.