滇池入湖污水处理厂尾水COD降解过程及光谱特征
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摘要
选取滇池典型入湖污水处理厂尾水,模拟研究了其COD自然条件下的降解过程及光谱特征,探讨污水处理厂尾水排放对滇池水体COD的影响。结果表明:1)尾水COD以溶解态为主,直接汇流进入滇池;其自然降解率较低,易在湖体内累积;COD_(Cr)降解率为28.9%,降解过程符合方程C=-2.46ln t+29.018(R~2=0.932 2);COD_(Mn)降解率为15.8%,降解过程符合方程C=-0.348ln t+7.473(R~2=0.995 7)。2)紫外-可见光谱和三维荧光光谱特征表明,尾水COD主要以类富里酸物质为主,其降解过程结构相对稳定,芳香环结构稍有增加,进一步证实尾水COD大部分滞留在水体中,如水体交换不及时,会逐步累积。3)随着滇池流域污水处理能力的提升,污水处理厂排水是滇池水量的重要来源,且COD具有难降解特征,近年来滇池COD的升高与入湖污水处理厂尾水排放密切相关。
Representative effluent from sewage treatment plants in Dianchi Lake was selected to simulate and investigate the degradation process and spectral characteristics of COD under natural conditions,and to explore the influence of the effluent on the concentration of COD in Dianchi Lake. The results show that: 1) The COD in the effluent from sewage plants occurred mainly in dissolved states and flew directly into Dianchi Lake; the degradation rate of COD_(Cr)was 28. 9% and was quite low under the experiment condition,and the degradation process accords with the equation C =-2. 46 ln t + 29. 018( R~2= 0. 932 2). COD was easy to accumulate under such condition.The degradation rate of COD_(Mn)was 15. 8%, and the degradation process accords with the equation C =-0. 348 ln t + 7. 473( R~2= 0. 995 7). 2) UV Vis spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra characteristics show that the COD in the effluent from sewage plants was mainly in the category of fulvic acid. The structure of COD in the effluent from sewage plants was relatively stable in the process of degradation. The slightlyincreasing of aromatic part of COD further confirmed that most organic compounds in the effluent from sewage plants remained in the water and the COD would gradually accumulate if the water did not change timely. 3) With the increase of the sewage treatment capacity in the lake basin,the effluent from sewage plants had become the main source of the water quantity in Dianchi Lake. And as the COD in the effluent has the refractory characteristic,the increasing of the COD concentration in recent years was closely related to the discharge of effluent from the sewage plants.
Representative effluent from sewage treatment plants in Dianchi Lake was selected to simulate and investigate the degradation process and spectral characteristics of COD under natural conditions,and to explore the influence of the effluent on the concentration of COD in Dianchi Lake. The results show that: 1) The COD in the effluent from sewage plants occurred mainly in dissolved states and flew directly into Dianchi Lake; the degradation rate of COD_(Cr)was 28. 9% and was quite low under the experiment condition,and the degradation process accords with the equation C =-2. 46 ln t + 29. 018( R~2= 0. 932 2). COD was easy to accumulate under such condition.The degradation rate of COD_(Mn)was 15. 8%, and the degradation process accords with the equation C =-0. 348 ln t + 7. 473( R~2= 0. 995 7). 2) UV Vis spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra characteristics show that the COD in the effluent from sewage plants was mainly in the category of fulvic acid. The structure of COD in the effluent from sewage plants was relatively stable in the process of degradation. The slightlyincreasing of aromatic part of COD further confirmed that most organic compounds in the effluent from sewage plants remained in the water and the COD would gradually accumulate if the water did not change timely. 3) With the increase of the sewage treatment capacity in the lake basin,the effluent from sewage plants had become the main source of the water quantity in Dianchi Lake. And as the COD in the effluent has the refractory characteristic,the increasing of the COD concentration in recent years was closely related to the discharge of effluent from the sewage plants.
引文
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[26]于会彬,高红杰,宋永会,等.城镇化河流DOM组成结构及与水质相关性研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(2):435-441.YU H B,GAO H J,SONG Y H,et al.Study on composition structure of DOM and its correlation with water quality in an urbanized river[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(2):435-441.
[27]CHEN W,WESTERHOFF P,LEENHEER J A,et al.Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[28]徐晓梅,吴雪,何佳,等.滇池流域水污染特征(1988—2014年)及防治对策[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(3):476-484.XU X M,WU X,HE J,et al.Research on the pollution characteristics of Dianchi Watershed(1988-2014)and identification of countermeasures[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(3):476-484.
[2]NOGUEROL-ARIAS J,RODRIGUEZ-ABALDE A,ROMEROMERINO E,et al.Determination of chemical oxygen demand in heterogeneous solid or semisolid samples using a novel method combining solid dilutions as a preparation step followed by optimized closed reflux and colorimetric measurement[J].Analytical Chemistry,2012,84(13):5548-5555.
[3]LEE J K,CHOI C K,LEE K H,et al.Mass balance of nitrogen,and estimates of COD,nitrogen and phosphorus used in microbial synthesis as a function of sludge retention time in a sequencing batch reactor system[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(16):7788-7796.
[4]AOKI S,FUSE Y,YAMADA E.Determinations of humic substances and other dissolved organic matter and their effects on the increase of COD in Lake Biwa[J].Analytical Sciences,2004,20(1):159-164.
[5]SANCLEMENTS M D,OELSNER G P,MCKNIGHT D M,et al.New insights into the source of decadal increases of dissolved organic matter in acid-sensitive lakes of the Northeastern United States[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(6):3212-3219.
[6]PIIRSOO K,VIIK M,KOIV T,et al.Characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the inflows and in the outflow of Lake V7rtsjrv,Estonia[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,475:306-313.
[7]YE C,LI C H,YU H C,et al.Study on ecological restoration in near-shore zone of a eutrophic lake,Wuli Bay,Taihu Lake[J].Ecological Engineering,2011,37(9):1434-1437.
[8]ROULET N,MOORE T R.Environmental chemistry:browning the waters[J].Nature,2006,444:283-284.
[9]HULSBEEK J,KRUIT J,ROELEVELD P,et al.A practical protocol for dynamic modelling of activated sludge systems[J].Water Science&Technology,2006,45(6):127-136.
[10]HENZE M.Activated sludge models:ASM1,ASM2,ASM2d and ASM3[R].London:Iwa,2000:9.
[11]ORHON D,COKGOR E U,INSEL G,et al.Validity of monod kinetics at different sludge ages:peptone biodegradation under aerobic conditions[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100:5678-5686.
[12]SPERANDIO M,PAUL E,BESSIERE Y,et al.Sludge production:quantification and prediction for urban treatment plants and assessment of strategies for sludge reduction[J].Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies,2012,20(12):897-900.
[13]孔燕,和树庄,胡斌,等.滇池流域富磷地区暴雨径流中磷素的沉降及输移规律[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(9):2160-2166.KONG Y,HE S Z,HU B,et al.The settlement and transfer rule of phosphorus in stormwater runoff from phosphorus-rich area in Dianchi Watershed[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(9):2160-2166.
[14]ITTEKKOT V,ARAIN R.Nature of particulate organic matter in the River Indus,Pakistan[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1986,50(8):1643-1653.
[15]林晶,吴莹,张经,等.长江有机碳通量的季节变化及三峡工程对其影响[J].中国环境科学,2007,27(2):246-249.LIN J,WU Y,ZHANG J,et al.Seasonal variation of organic carbon fluxes in the Yangtze River and influence of Three-Gorges engineering[J].China Environmental Science,2007,27(2):246-249.
[16]RODRIGUES A C,BRITO A G,MELO L F.Posttreatment of a brewery wastewater using a sequencing batch reactor[J].Water Environment Research,2001,73(1):45-51.
[17]陈光,刘廷良,孙宗光.水体中TOC与COD相关性研究[J].中国环境监测,2005,21(5):9-12.CHEN G,LIU T L,SUN Z G.Research of the correlation between TOC and COD in water[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2005,21(5):9-12.
[18]宋学宏,邴旭文,孙丽萍,等.阳澄湖网围养殖区水体营养盐的时空变化与水质评价[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):23-29.SONG X H,BING X W,SUN L P,et al.The spatial and temporal changes of nutrients of net-pen aquaculture area in Yangcheng Lake and its water quality evaluation[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2010,3(6):23-29.
[19]HUR J,LEE B M,SHIN H S.Microbial degradation of dissolved organic matter(DOM)and its influence on phenanthrene:DOM interactions[J].Chemosphere,2011,85:1360-1367.
[20]ZHANG Y,YIN Y,FENG L,et al.Characterizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Lake Tianmuhu and its catchment basin using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factor analysis[J].Water Research,2011,45(16):5110-5122.
[21]王树涛,王虹,马军,等.我国北方城市污水处理厂二级处理出水的水质特性[J].环境科学,2009,30(4):1099-1104.WANG S T,WANG H,MA J,et al.Analysis of the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater in North China[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(4):1099-1104.
[22]CHIN Y P,AIKEN G,O'LOUGHLIN E.Molecular weight,polydispersity,and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1994,28(11):1853-1858.
[23]KORSHIN G V,BENJAMIN M M,SLETTEN R S.Adsorption of natural organic matter(NOM)on iron oxide:effects on NOM composition and formation of organo-halide compounds during chlorination[J].Water Research,1997,31(7):1643-1650.
[24]LANGE H J D,ARTS M T.Seston composition and the potential for Daphnia growth[J].Aquatic Ecology,1993,33(4):387-398.
[25]BAKER A,CURRY M.Fluorescence of leachates from three contrasting landfills[J].Water Research,2004,38(10):2605-2613.
[26]于会彬,高红杰,宋永会,等.城镇化河流DOM组成结构及与水质相关性研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(2):435-441.YU H B,GAO H J,SONG Y H,et al.Study on composition structure of DOM and its correlation with water quality in an urbanized river[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(2):435-441.
[27]CHEN W,WESTERHOFF P,LEENHEER J A,et al.Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[28]徐晓梅,吴雪,何佳,等.滇池流域水污染特征(1988—2014年)及防治对策[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(3):476-484.XU X M,WU X,HE J,et al.Research on the pollution characteristics of Dianchi Watershed(1988-2014)and identification of countermeasures[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(3):476-484.