功能/结构一体化中子屏蔽材料的研究现状
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摘要
随着反应堆设计技术的发展,功能/结构一体化屏蔽材料成为一种发展趋势,要求中子屏蔽材料不仅具备中子屏蔽功能,而且可以兼作结构材料。中子屏蔽材料采用一体化设计可大幅简化屏蔽结构,实现屏蔽结构的轻量化和小型化。简述了功能/结构一体化中子屏蔽材料的设计要求和常见的热中子吸收核素。重点阐述了硼钢和具备功能/结构一体化潜力的铝基碳化硼复合材料、含Gd不锈钢、B/Pb复合材料的研究现状及存在问题。最后指出了功能/结构一体化中子屏蔽材料的发展方向。
With the development of reactor design technology, neutron shielding materials with combined structural and functional performance have become a development trend. Neutron shielding materials not only have neutron shielding function, but also can be used as structural materials. The integrated design of neutron shielding materials can greatly simplify the shielding structure and realize lightweight and miniaturization of the shielding structure. The design requirements of neutron shielding materials with combined structural and functional performance and common thermal neutron absorption nuclides are briefly described. The research status and problems of boron steel, Aluminum-based boron carbide composites,Gd-containing stainless steel and B/Pb composites are emphatically described. Finally, the development direction of neutron shielding materials with combined structural and functional performance is pointed out.
With the development of reactor design technology, neutron shielding materials with combined structural and functional performance have become a development trend. Neutron shielding materials not only have neutron shielding function, but also can be used as structural materials. The integrated design of neutron shielding materials can greatly simplify the shielding structure and realize lightweight and miniaturization of the shielding structure. The design requirements of neutron shielding materials with combined structural and functional performance and common thermal neutron absorption nuclides are briefly described. The research status and problems of boron steel, Aluminum-based boron carbide composites,Gd-containing stainless steel and B/Pb composites are emphatically described. Finally, the development direction of neutron shielding materials with combined structural and functional performance is pointed out.
引文
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[3]马敬,刘继连.田湾核电站乏燃料离堆贮存方案研究[J].科技和产业,2014,14(4):147-153.MA Jing,LIU Ji-lian.Study on Away-from-reactor Storage of Spent Fuel from Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant[J].Science Technology and Industry,2014,14(4):147-153.
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[6]石建敏.乏燃料贮存格架用中子吸收材料加速腐蚀及加速辐照性能研究[D].绵阳:中国工程物理研究院,2011.SHI Jian-min.Accelerate Corrosion Behaviors and Accelerate Radiation Properties of Al-B4C Neutron Absorbing Materials for Spent Fuel Storage[D].Mianyang:China Academy of Engineering Physics,2011.
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[8]王傲松,刘翠波,孟氢钡.核电乏燃料贮存用中子吸收材料的发展及趋势[J].材料导报,2016,30(28):233-236.WANG Ao-song,LIU Cui-bo,MENG Qing-bei.Development and Prospect of Neutron Absorber Material Used in Spent Fuel Storage[J].Materials Reports,2016,30(28):233-236.
[9]刘桂荣,裴燕斌.含B中子吸收材料的研究进展[J].粉末冶金工业,2018,28(5):1-5.LIU Gui-rong,PEI Yan-bin.Research Progress of Boron-containing Neutron Absorber Materials[J].Powder Metallurgy Industry,2018,28(5):1-5.
[10]胡继峰.掺钆高阻性板室(RPC)热中子探测器研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.HU Ji-feng.Study on the Gd-coated RPC Thermal Neutron Detector[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2010.
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[12]卢玉楷.简明放射性同位素应用手册[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,2004.LU Yu-kai.Concise Handbook for Application of Radioisotopes[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science Popularization Press,2004.
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[15]吕继新,陈建廷.高效能屏蔽材料铅硼聚乙烯[J].核动力工程,1994,15(4):370-374.LYU Ji-xin,CHEN Jian-ting.High Effective Shielding Material Lead-baron Polyethylene[J].Nuclear Power Engineering,1994,15(4):370-374.
[16]TSUBOTA M,OIKAWA M.Boron-bearing Stainless Steels for Thermal Neutron Shielding[J].Bull Iron Steel Inst Japan,2005,10(12):25-32.
[17]HIDEO M,SEI H,MASAYUKI K.Deformation Behavior of Borated 18Cr-8Ni Stainless Steel Accompanied by Eutectic Structure During Solidification[J].TetsutoHagane,2000,85(4):7-12.
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[20]刘常升,崔虹雯,陈岁元,等.高硼钢的组织与性能[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2004,25(3):247-249.LIU Chang-sheng,CUI Hong-wen,CHEN Sui-yuan,et al.Microstructure and Properties of High-Boron Steel[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2004,25(3):247-249.
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[22]袁亲松.Zr、Cr、Ni对高硼钢组织的影响[D].成都:西华大学,2009.YUAN Qin-song.The Effect of Zr,Cr,Ni on the Microstructure of High Boron Steel[D].Chengdu:Xihua University,2009.
[23]佴启亮,郑文杰,宋志刚,等.硼含量对含硼不锈钢组织和性能的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2013,25(6):53-57.NAI Qi-liang,ZHENG Wen-jie,SONG Zhi-gang,et al.Effect of Boron Content on Microstructure and Property of Boron Stainless Steel[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2013,25(6):53-57.
[24]王东山,薛向欣,刘然,等.B4C/Al复合材料的研究进展及展望[J].材料导报,2007,21(8):388-397.WANG Dong-shan,XUE Xiang-xin,LIU Ran,et al.Research Progress and Development of B4C/Al Composite Materials[J].Materials Reports,2007,21(8):388-397.
[25]吕臣敬,王芬.金属间化合物/陶瓷复合材料的制备技术[J].陕西科技大学学报,2004,22(1):40-43.LYU Chen-jing,WANG Fen.The Synthesis Technology of Intermetallic/Ceramic Composite[J].Journal of Shanxi University of Science&Technology,2004,22(1):40-43.
[26]刘彦章,王鑫,罗志远,等.液态成型法制备铝基碳化硼中子吸收材料关键技术研究[J].核动力工程,2016,37(6):94-97.LIU Yan-zhang,WANG Xin,LUO Zhi-yuan,et al.Key Technology for Preparation of Aluminum-based Boron Carbide Neutron Absorbing Material by Liquid Molding Method[J].Nuclear Power Engineering,2016,37(6):94-97.
[27]张鹏,张哲维,李宇力,等.热压法制备高含量B4C/铝基复合材料的显微结构与力学性能[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2014,19(1):95-100.ZHANG Peng,ZHANG Zhe-wei,LI Yu-li,et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Content B4C-Aluminium Composites Fabricated by Hot-pressing Sintering[J].Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy,2014,19(1):95-100.
[28]秦艳兵,王文先,李宇力,等.B4C/6061铝基复合材料疲劳性能及断裂机制[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2014,19(6):847-854.QING Yan-bing,WANG Wen-xian,LI Yu-li,et al.Fatigue Performance and Fracture Mechanism of B4C/6061Al Composites[J].Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy,2014,19(6):847-854.
[29]彭可武,吴文远,徐璟玉,等.B4C/Al复合材料力学性能及其断裂机理的研究[J].材料热处理,2007,36(4):1-3.PENG Ke-wu,WU Wen-yuan,XU Jing-yu,et al.Study on Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanism of B4C/Al Composite[J].Material&Heat Treatment,2007,36(4):1-3.
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