木薯渣等有机废弃物作为花卉栽培基质的效果研究
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摘要
为研究木薯渣等有机废弃物作为花卉栽培基质的效果,以木薯渣、蚯蚓土、松鳞等为原材料,与泥炭、珍珠岩按体积比混合组成的4个处理:T1木薯渣∶泥炭∶珍珠岩=6∶3∶1,T2蚯蚓土∶泥炭∶珍珠岩=6∶3∶1,T3松鳞∶木薯渣∶珍珠岩=6∶3∶1,T4松鳞∶蚯蚓土∶珍珠岩=6∶3∶1,以栽培园土为CK1,市售商品基质为CK2,观察不同处理对八仙花植物营养生长的影响。结果表明:T1处理八仙花的株高、叶面积、相对叶绿素含量较CK1分别增加18.08%,26.19%和43.2%;地上、地下部生物鲜质量分别增加8.5%和20.5%。T3处理植株的营养生长指标基本与CK1持平,T2及T4处理栽培效果不及T1、T3,CK2效果最差。综合比较,利用木薯渣作为原材料配制无土栽培基质效果优于蚯蚓土,木薯渣∶泥炭∶珍珠岩=6∶3∶1可作为一种园林花卉栽培基质应用推广。
In order to study the effect of several organic wastes used as substrate cultivation for flowers, cassava residue, wormcast,and pine bark were mixed with peat and perlite by different volume ratios into 4 substrate treatments, including T1 cassava residue∶peat∶perlite=6∶3∶1, T2 wormcast∶peat∶perlite=6∶3∶1, T3 pine bark∶cassava residue∶perlite=6∶3∶1, T4 pine bark∶wormcast∶perlite=6∶3∶1, with planting soil as CK1, some substrate product as CK2. The results indicated that compared with CK1, the plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll content of Hydrangea macrophylla growing in T1 were improved by 18.08%, 26.19%, 43.2% respectively, and the ground and underground fresh weight increased by 8.5%, 20.5%. There was no significant difference between T3 and CK1 for plants nutrition growth. The cultivation effect of T2 and T4 was no good as T1 and T3. CK2 was the worst. All things considered, cassava residue was better than wormcast as material for substrate cultivation, and T1 cassava residue ∶peat ∶perlite =6 ∶3 ∶1 could be recommended as a general formula for flowers.
In order to study the effect of several organic wastes used as substrate cultivation for flowers, cassava residue, wormcast,and pine bark were mixed with peat and perlite by different volume ratios into 4 substrate treatments, including T1 cassava residue∶peat∶perlite=6∶3∶1, T2 wormcast∶peat∶perlite=6∶3∶1, T3 pine bark∶cassava residue∶perlite=6∶3∶1, T4 pine bark∶wormcast∶perlite=6∶3∶1, with planting soil as CK1, some substrate product as CK2. The results indicated that compared with CK1, the plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll content of Hydrangea macrophylla growing in T1 were improved by 18.08%, 26.19%, 43.2% respectively, and the ground and underground fresh weight increased by 8.5%, 20.5%. There was no significant difference between T3 and CK1 for plants nutrition growth. The cultivation effect of T2 and T4 was no good as T1 and T3. CK2 was the worst. All things considered, cassava residue was better than wormcast as material for substrate cultivation, and T1 cassava residue ∶peat ∶perlite =6 ∶3 ∶1 could be recommended as a general formula for flowers.
引文
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[2]连青龙.中国花卉产业的发展现状、趋势和战略[J].农业工程技术,2018,38(13):28-35.
[3]刘军,肖更生,孙映波,等.广东花卉产业栽培基质使用现状及发展前景分析[J].广东农业科学,2011(23):72-74.
[4]陈智远,石东伟,王恩学,等.农业废弃物资源化利用技术的应用进展[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2010,20(12):112-116.
[5]孙振钧,袁振宏,张夫道,等.农业废弃物资源化与农村生物质资源战略研究报告[R].北京:国家中长期科学和技术发展战略研究,2004.
[6]彭天沁,徐刚,高文瑞,等.木薯渣资源化利用的研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(11):10-12.
[7]覃晓娟,吴圣进,韦仕岩,等.木薯渣复合基质在辣椒穴盘育苗上的应用效果[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2010,29(6):1200-1205.
[8]徐刚,彭天沁,高文瑞,等.以木薯渣为主要原料的黄瓜无土栽培基质研究[J].土壤,2015,47(1):161-165.
[9]吕振宇,马永良.蚯蚓粪有机肥对土壤肥力与甘蓝生长、品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(12):236-240.
[10]柴艳芳,汤久杨,王四清.松树皮基质发酵方案的初步探究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(2):81-86.
[11]HANDRECK K A,BLACK N D.Growing media for ornamental plants and turf[M].Newsouth:UNSW PRESS,2002.
[12]BUAMSCHA M G,ALTLAND J E,SULLIVAN D M,et al.Micronutrient availability in fresh and aged douglas fir bark[J].Hortscience,2007,42(1):152-156.
[13]郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[15]郭世荣.固体栽培基质研究、开发现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(S):1-4.
[16]于鑫,孙向阳,张骅,等.有机固体废弃物再生环保型无土栽培基质研究进展[J].北方园艺,2009(10):136-139.