Adaptive perturb and observe maximum power point tracking with current predictive and decoupled power control for gridconnected photovoltaic inverters
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摘要
In order to improve maximum power point tracking(MPPT) performance, a variable and adaptive perturb and observe(P&O)method with current predictive control is proposed. This is applied in three-phase threelevel neutral-point clamped(NPC) photovoltaic(PV)generation systems. To control the active power and the reactive power independently,the decoupled power control combined with a space vector modulation block is adopted for three-phase NPC inverters in PV generation systems.To balance the neutral-point voltage of the three-phase NPC grid-connected inverter, a proportional and integral control is used by adj usting the dwell time of small voltage vectors. A three-phase NPC inverter rated at 12 kVA was established. The performance of the proposed method was tested and compared with the fixed perturbation MPPT algorithm under different conditions. Experimental results confirm the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method.
In order to improve maximum power point tracking(MPPT) performance, a variable and adaptive perturb and observe(P&O)method with current predictive control is proposed. This is applied in three-phase threelevel neutral-point clamped(NPC) photovoltaic(PV)generation systems. To control the active power and the reactive power independently,the decoupled power control combined with a space vector modulation block is adopted for three-phase NPC inverters in PV generation systems.To balance the neutral-point voltage of the three-phase NPC grid-connected inverter, a proportional and integral control is used by adj usting the dwell time of small voltage vectors. A three-phase NPC inverter rated at 12 kVA was established. The performance of the proposed method was tested and compared with the fixed perturbation MPPT algorithm under different conditions. Experimental results confirm the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method.
In order to improve maximum power point tracking(MPPT) performance, a variable and adaptive perturb and observe(P&O)method with current predictive control is proposed. This is applied in three-phase threelevel neutral-point clamped(NPC) photovoltaic(PV)generation systems. To control the active power and the reactive power independently,the decoupled power control combined with a space vector modulation block is adopted for three-phase NPC inverters in PV generation systems.To balance the neutral-point voltage of the three-phase NPC grid-connected inverter, a proportional and integral control is used by adj usting the dwell time of small voltage vectors. A three-phase NPC inverter rated at 12 kVA was established. The performance of the proposed method was tested and compared with the fixed perturbation MPPT algorithm under different conditions. Experimental results confirm the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method.
引文
[1] Blaabjerg F,Ma K(2013)Future of power electronics for wind turbine system. IEEE J Em erg Sel Topics Power Electron1(3):139-152
[2] Romero-Cadaval E, Spagnuolo G, Franquelo LG et al(2013)Grid-connected photovoltaic generation plants. IEEE Ind Electron Mag 7(3):6-20
[3] Calderaro V,Galdi V,Lamberti F et al(2015)A smart strategy for voltage control ancillary service in distribution networks.IEEE Trans Power Syst 30(1):494-502
[4] Guo X,Zhou J,Jia X et al(2018)Leakage current attenuation of a three-phase cascaded inverter for transformerless grid-connected PV systems. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 65(1):676-686
[5] Guo X, Liu W, Lu Z(2017)Flexible power regulation and current-limited control of grid-connected inverter under unbalanced grid voltage fault. IEEE Trans Ind Electron64(9):7425-7432
[6] Hong Y, Pham SN, Yoo T et al(2015)Efficient maximum power point tracking for a distributed PV system under rapidly changing environmental conditions.IEEE Trans Power Electron30(8):4209-4218
[7] Kollimalla SK, Mishra MK(2014)Variable perturbation size adaptive P&O MPPT algorithm for sudden changes in radiance.IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 5(3):718-728
[8] Sundareswaran K, Vigneshkumar V, Sankar P(2016)Development of an improved P&O algorithm assisted through a colony of foraging ants for MPPT in PV system. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 12(1):187-200
[9] Liu F, Duan S, Liu B et al(2008)A variable step size INC MPPT method for PV systems. IEEE Trans Ind Electron55(7):2610-2621
[10] Xu ZR, Yang P,Zhou DB et al(2015)An improved variable step size MPPT algorithm based on INC. J Power Electron15(2):487-496
[11] Safari A, Mekhilef S(2011)Simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance MPPT with direct control method using Cuk converter. IEEE Trans Ind Electron58(4):1154-1161
[12] Abdelsalam AK, Massoud AM, Ahmed S et al(2011)Highperformance adaptive perturb and observe MPPT technique for photovoltaic-based microgrids. IEEE Trans Power Electron26(4):1010-1021
[13] Alajmi BN, Ahmed KH, Finney SJ et al(2011)Fuzzy-logiccontrol approach of a modified hill-climbing method for maximum power point in microgrid standalone photovoltaic system.IEEE Trans Power Electron 26(4):1022-1030
[14] Wei W,Zhang Z, Qiao W et al(2016)An adaptive networkbased reinforcement learning method for MPPT control of PMSG wind energy conversion systems. IEEE Trans Power Electron 31(11):7837-7848
[15] Elobaid LM,Abdelsalam AK,Zakzouk EE et al(2015)Artificial neural network-based photovoltaic maximum power point tracking techniques:a survey. IET Renew Power Gener9(8):1043-1063
[16] Cortes P, Kazmierkowski M,Kennel R et al(2008)Predictive control in power electronics and drives. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 55(12):4312-4324
[17] Yang Y, Wen HQ, Fan MD et al(2019)Fast finite-switchingstate model predictive control method without weighting factors for T-type three-level three-phase inverters. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 15(3):1298-1310
[18] Shadmand MB,Balog RS,Abu-Rub H(2014)Model predictive control of PV sources in a smart DC distribution system:maximum power point tracking and droop control.IEEE Trans Energy Convers 29(4):913-921
[19] Errouissi R,Al-Durra A, Muyeen SM(2016)A robust continuous-time MPC of a DC-DC boost converter interfaced with a grid-connected photovoltaic system. IEEE J Photovolt6(6):1619-1629
[20] Kakosimos PE,Kladas AG,Muyeen SM(2011)Implementation of photovoltaic array MPPT through fixed step predictive control technique. Renew Energy 36(2):2508-2514
[21] Song ZF, Tian YJ, Chen W et al(2016)Predictive duty cycle control of three-phase active-front-end rectifiers. IEEE Trans Power Electron 31(1):698-710
[22] Sajadian S,Ahmadi S(2016)Model predictive-based maximum power point tracking for grid-tied photovoltaic applications using a Z-source inverter. IEEE Trans Power Electron31(11):7611-7620
[23] Kakosimos PE, Kladas AG, Manias SN(2013)Fast photovoltaic-system voltage-or current-oriented MPPT employing a predictive digital current-controlled converter. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 60(12):5673-5685
[24] Mohamed YARI,El-Saadany EF(2007)An improved deadbeat current control scheme with a novel adaptive self-tuning load model for a three-phase PWM voltage-source inverter. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 54(2):747-759
[25] Kouro YC, Malinowski M, Gopakumar K et al(2010)Recent advances and industrial applications of multilevel converters.IEEE Trans Ind Electron 57(8):2553-2580
[26] Liserre M, Cardenas R, Molinas M et al(2011)Overview of multi-MW wind turbines and wind parks. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 58(4):1081-1095
[27] June-Seok L, Kyo-Beum L(2014)New modulation techniques for a leakage current reduction and a neutral-point voltage balance in transformerless photovoltaic systems using a threelevel inverter. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(4):1720-1732
[28] Choi UM,Lee HH,Lee KB(2013)Simple neutral-point voltage control for three-level inverters using a discontinuous pulse width modulation.IEEE Trans Energy Convers 28(2):434-443
[29] Kazmierkowski MP, Jasinski M, Wrona G(2011)DSP-based control of grid-connected power converters operating under grid distortions. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 7(2):204-211
[30] Zhi D,Xu L,Wiliams B(2009)Improved direct power control of grid connected DC/AC converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 24(5):1280-1292
[31] Zhang YC,Qu CH(2015)Table-based direct power control for three-phase AC/DC converters under unbalanced grid voltages.IEEE Trans Power Electron 30(12):7090-7099
[32] Zhang YC,Long YT,Zhang YC et al(2013)Table-based direct power control for three-level neutral point-clamped pulse-width modulated rectifier. IET Power Electron 6(8):1555-1562
[33] Mishra MK,Joshi A,Ghosh A et al(2003)Control schemes for equalization of capacitor voltages in neutral clamped shunt compensator. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 18(2):538-544
[34] Chaturvedi P,Jain S, Agarwal P(2014)Carrier-based neutral point potential regulator with reduced switching losses for threelevel diode-clamped inverter. IEEE Trans Ind Electron61(2):613-624
[35] Choi UM, Blaabjerg F,Lee KB(2015)Method to minimize the low frequency neutral-point voltage oscillations with time-offset injection for neutral-point-clamped inverters. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 51(2):1678-1691
[36] Choudhury A, Pillay P, Williamson SS(2016)Modified dc-bus voltage balancing algorithm based three-level neutral point clamped IPMSM drive for electric vehicle applications. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 63(2):761-772
[37] Karimi-Ghartemani M, Iravani MR(2004)A method for synchronization of power electronic converters in polluted and variable-frequency environments. IEEE Trans Power Syst19(3):1263-1270
[2] Romero-Cadaval E, Spagnuolo G, Franquelo LG et al(2013)Grid-connected photovoltaic generation plants. IEEE Ind Electron Mag 7(3):6-20
[3] Calderaro V,Galdi V,Lamberti F et al(2015)A smart strategy for voltage control ancillary service in distribution networks.IEEE Trans Power Syst 30(1):494-502
[4] Guo X,Zhou J,Jia X et al(2018)Leakage current attenuation of a three-phase cascaded inverter for transformerless grid-connected PV systems. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 65(1):676-686
[5] Guo X, Liu W, Lu Z(2017)Flexible power regulation and current-limited control of grid-connected inverter under unbalanced grid voltage fault. IEEE Trans Ind Electron64(9):7425-7432
[6] Hong Y, Pham SN, Yoo T et al(2015)Efficient maximum power point tracking for a distributed PV system under rapidly changing environmental conditions.IEEE Trans Power Electron30(8):4209-4218
[7] Kollimalla SK, Mishra MK(2014)Variable perturbation size adaptive P&O MPPT algorithm for sudden changes in radiance.IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 5(3):718-728
[8] Sundareswaran K, Vigneshkumar V, Sankar P(2016)Development of an improved P&O algorithm assisted through a colony of foraging ants for MPPT in PV system. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 12(1):187-200
[9] Liu F, Duan S, Liu B et al(2008)A variable step size INC MPPT method for PV systems. IEEE Trans Ind Electron55(7):2610-2621
[10] Xu ZR, Yang P,Zhou DB et al(2015)An improved variable step size MPPT algorithm based on INC. J Power Electron15(2):487-496
[11] Safari A, Mekhilef S(2011)Simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance MPPT with direct control method using Cuk converter. IEEE Trans Ind Electron58(4):1154-1161
[12] Abdelsalam AK, Massoud AM, Ahmed S et al(2011)Highperformance adaptive perturb and observe MPPT technique for photovoltaic-based microgrids. IEEE Trans Power Electron26(4):1010-1021
[13] Alajmi BN, Ahmed KH, Finney SJ et al(2011)Fuzzy-logiccontrol approach of a modified hill-climbing method for maximum power point in microgrid standalone photovoltaic system.IEEE Trans Power Electron 26(4):1022-1030
[14] Wei W,Zhang Z, Qiao W et al(2016)An adaptive networkbased reinforcement learning method for MPPT control of PMSG wind energy conversion systems. IEEE Trans Power Electron 31(11):7837-7848
[15] Elobaid LM,Abdelsalam AK,Zakzouk EE et al(2015)Artificial neural network-based photovoltaic maximum power point tracking techniques:a survey. IET Renew Power Gener9(8):1043-1063
[16] Cortes P, Kazmierkowski M,Kennel R et al(2008)Predictive control in power electronics and drives. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 55(12):4312-4324
[17] Yang Y, Wen HQ, Fan MD et al(2019)Fast finite-switchingstate model predictive control method without weighting factors for T-type three-level three-phase inverters. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 15(3):1298-1310
[18] Shadmand MB,Balog RS,Abu-Rub H(2014)Model predictive control of PV sources in a smart DC distribution system:maximum power point tracking and droop control.IEEE Trans Energy Convers 29(4):913-921
[19] Errouissi R,Al-Durra A, Muyeen SM(2016)A robust continuous-time MPC of a DC-DC boost converter interfaced with a grid-connected photovoltaic system. IEEE J Photovolt6(6):1619-1629
[20] Kakosimos PE,Kladas AG,Muyeen SM(2011)Implementation of photovoltaic array MPPT through fixed step predictive control technique. Renew Energy 36(2):2508-2514
[21] Song ZF, Tian YJ, Chen W et al(2016)Predictive duty cycle control of three-phase active-front-end rectifiers. IEEE Trans Power Electron 31(1):698-710
[22] Sajadian S,Ahmadi S(2016)Model predictive-based maximum power point tracking for grid-tied photovoltaic applications using a Z-source inverter. IEEE Trans Power Electron31(11):7611-7620
[23] Kakosimos PE, Kladas AG, Manias SN(2013)Fast photovoltaic-system voltage-or current-oriented MPPT employing a predictive digital current-controlled converter. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 60(12):5673-5685
[24] Mohamed YARI,El-Saadany EF(2007)An improved deadbeat current control scheme with a novel adaptive self-tuning load model for a three-phase PWM voltage-source inverter. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 54(2):747-759
[25] Kouro YC, Malinowski M, Gopakumar K et al(2010)Recent advances and industrial applications of multilevel converters.IEEE Trans Ind Electron 57(8):2553-2580
[26] Liserre M, Cardenas R, Molinas M et al(2011)Overview of multi-MW wind turbines and wind parks. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 58(4):1081-1095
[27] June-Seok L, Kyo-Beum L(2014)New modulation techniques for a leakage current reduction and a neutral-point voltage balance in transformerless photovoltaic systems using a threelevel inverter. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(4):1720-1732
[28] Choi UM,Lee HH,Lee KB(2013)Simple neutral-point voltage control for three-level inverters using a discontinuous pulse width modulation.IEEE Trans Energy Convers 28(2):434-443
[29] Kazmierkowski MP, Jasinski M, Wrona G(2011)DSP-based control of grid-connected power converters operating under grid distortions. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 7(2):204-211
[30] Zhi D,Xu L,Wiliams B(2009)Improved direct power control of grid connected DC/AC converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 24(5):1280-1292
[31] Zhang YC,Qu CH(2015)Table-based direct power control for three-phase AC/DC converters under unbalanced grid voltages.IEEE Trans Power Electron 30(12):7090-7099
[32] Zhang YC,Long YT,Zhang YC et al(2013)Table-based direct power control for three-level neutral point-clamped pulse-width modulated rectifier. IET Power Electron 6(8):1555-1562
[33] Mishra MK,Joshi A,Ghosh A et al(2003)Control schemes for equalization of capacitor voltages in neutral clamped shunt compensator. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 18(2):538-544
[34] Chaturvedi P,Jain S, Agarwal P(2014)Carrier-based neutral point potential regulator with reduced switching losses for threelevel diode-clamped inverter. IEEE Trans Ind Electron61(2):613-624
[35] Choi UM, Blaabjerg F,Lee KB(2015)Method to minimize the low frequency neutral-point voltage oscillations with time-offset injection for neutral-point-clamped inverters. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 51(2):1678-1691
[36] Choudhury A, Pillay P, Williamson SS(2016)Modified dc-bus voltage balancing algorithm based three-level neutral point clamped IPMSM drive for electric vehicle applications. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 63(2):761-772
[37] Karimi-Ghartemani M, Iravani MR(2004)A method for synchronization of power electronic converters in polluted and variable-frequency environments. IEEE Trans Power Syst19(3):1263-1270