盐度和底质对单环刺螠幼螠生长及成活的影响
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摘要
采用单因子分析方法,在室内模拟了4个盐度梯度(1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%)对2种规格(0.28±0.08 g、1.36±0.31 g)及4种底质类型(泥底、泥沙混合底、40目沙底、60目沙底)对2种规格(0.30±0.16 g、1.30±0.25 g)单环刺螠幼螠生长及存活的影响。结果表明:(1)在盐度2.0～3.0%的条件下,规格为0.28±0.08 g的单环刺螠幼螠增重率显著高于1.5%盐度处理组(P<0.05),在盐度2.5%～3.0%的条件下,规格为1.36±0.31 g的单环刺螠幼螠增重率显著高于其他各处理组(P <0.05);2种规格均在盐度2.5%～3.0%的条件下成活率较好,但与其他各组差异不显著(P> 0.05);(2)单环刺螠幼螠规格为0.30±0.16 g时,底质环境对其生长有显著影响(P <0.05),泥质底增重率最低,40目沙底增重率最高;幼螠在规格为1.30±0.25 g时,4种底质中,40目沙底组增重率显著高于泥底组(P <0.05),泥底组增重率显著高于泥沙混合底组的增重率(P <0.05);4种底质对2种规格幼螠成活率无显著影响(P> 0.05),但60目沙底时存活率最高。
The effects of four salinity gradients(1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%) on the growth and survival of Urechis unicinctus juveniles of two specifications(0.28±0.08 g, 1.36±0.31 g) and 4 sediment types(mud bottom, sediment mixed bottom, 40 mesh sand bottom, 60 mesh sand bottom) on the growth and survival of Urechis unicinctus juveniles of two specifications(0.30±0.16 g, 1.30±0.25 g) were simulated indoors by using single factor analysis method. The results showed that:(1) when the salinity was 2.0-3.0%, the weight gain rate of0.28±0.08 g Urechis unicinctus juveniles was significantly higher than that of the 1.5% salinity treatment group(P < 0.05), and when the salinity was 2.5%-3.0%, the weight gain rate of 1.36±0.31 g Urechis unicinctus juveniles was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P < 0.05). The survival rates of the two specifications was better when salinity was 2.5%-3.0%, but between which there was no significant difference with other salinity gradients(P > 0.05).(2) The sediment environment had a significant effect on the growth of Urechis unicinctus juveniles when its size was 0.30±0.16 g(P < 0.05), the lowest weight gain rate was from mud bottom and the highest from 40 mesh sand bottom. When the size of juveniles was 1.30±0.25 g, the weight gain rate of 40-mesh sediment group was significantly higher than that of mud group(P < 0.05), and the weight gain rate of mud group was significantly higher than that of mixed sediment group(P < 0.05). 4 sediments had no significant effect on the survival rate of two specifications of Urechis unicinctus juveniles(P > 0.05), but the survival rate from 60 mesh sand bottom was the highest.
The effects of four salinity gradients(1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%) on the growth and survival of Urechis unicinctus juveniles of two specifications(0.28±0.08 g, 1.36±0.31 g) and 4 sediment types(mud bottom, sediment mixed bottom, 40 mesh sand bottom, 60 mesh sand bottom) on the growth and survival of Urechis unicinctus juveniles of two specifications(0.30±0.16 g, 1.30±0.25 g) were simulated indoors by using single factor analysis method. The results showed that:(1) when the salinity was 2.0-3.0%, the weight gain rate of0.28±0.08 g Urechis unicinctus juveniles was significantly higher than that of the 1.5% salinity treatment group(P < 0.05), and when the salinity was 2.5%-3.0%, the weight gain rate of 1.36±0.31 g Urechis unicinctus juveniles was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P < 0.05). The survival rates of the two specifications was better when salinity was 2.5%-3.0%, but between which there was no significant difference with other salinity gradients(P > 0.05).(2) The sediment environment had a significant effect on the growth of Urechis unicinctus juveniles when its size was 0.30±0.16 g(P < 0.05), the lowest weight gain rate was from mud bottom and the highest from 40 mesh sand bottom. When the size of juveniles was 1.30±0.25 g, the weight gain rate of 40-mesh sediment group was significantly higher than that of mud group(P < 0.05), and the weight gain rate of mud group was significantly higher than that of mixed sediment group(P < 0.05). 4 sediments had no significant effect on the survival rate of two specifications of Urechis unicinctus juveniles(P > 0.05), but the survival rate from 60 mesh sand bottom was the highest.
引文
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[16]陈爱华,吴杨平,姚国兴,等.底质和温度对大竹蛏苗种生长存活的复合影响[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(5):208-210.
[17]陆珠润,蒋霞敏,段雪梅,等.不同温度、底质和饵料对管角螺孵化和稚、幼螺生长的影响[J].南方水产,2009,5(3):10-14.
[18]杨明,臧维玲,戴习林,等.不同底质对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长的影响[J].水产科技情报,2008,35(3):105-108.
[19]于业绍,黄则平.海水比重、温度和底质对青蛤稚贝生长、存活的影响[J].海洋渔业,1997(1):13-16.
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[3]许星鸿,霍伟,孟宵,等.单环刺螠人工育苗及养殖技术[J].海洋与渔业,2016(3):44-45.
[4]唐永政,刘红梅,车育.单环刺螠人工育苗技术要点[J].中国水产,2007,376(3):56.
[5]郑岩,刘胥,李晓东,等.单环刺螠人工育苗与土池养殖技术[R].沈阳:辽宁省科技成果,2007.
[6]王淑芬,唐永政,李德顺,等.单环刺螠与日本对虾池塘混养试验[J].中国水产,2016(2):85-86.
[7]王大鹏.让海肠免遭绝迹厄运烟台首次放流海肠30万头[EB/OL].http://www.jiaodong.net/news/system/2015/11/13/012962990.shtml,2015-11-13.
[8]许星鸿,朱晓莹,阙义进,等.pH、温度和盐度对单环刺螠消化酶和溶菌酶活力的影响[J].水产科学,2017,36(2):138-142.
[9]郑岩,白海娟,王亚平.单环刺螠对水温、盐度和p H的耐受性的研究[J].水产科学,2006,25(10):513-516.
[10]孙涛,刘峰,王力勇,等.单环刺螠摄食节律的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(4):447-450.
[11]张涛,杨红生,刘保忠,等.环境因子对硬壳蛤Mercenaria mercenaria稚贝成活率和生长率的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2003,34(2):142-149.
[12]Tettelbach S T,Rhodes E W.Combined effects of temperature and salinity on embryos and larvae of the northern bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians[J].Marine Biology,1981,63(3):249-256.
[13]Widman J C,Rhodes E W.Nursery culture of the bay scallop,Argopecten irradians irradians,in suspended mesh nets[J].Aquaculture,1991,99(3-4):257-267.
[14]陈爱华,姚国兴,张志伟,等.温度、盐度和底质对大竹蛏稚贝生长及存活的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(5):94-97.
[15]刘峰,孙涛,纪元,等.单环刺螠生物学及生态学研究进展[J].海洋科学,2017(10):125-131.
[16]陈爱华,吴杨平,姚国兴,等.底质和温度对大竹蛏苗种生长存活的复合影响[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(5):208-210.
[17]陆珠润,蒋霞敏,段雪梅,等.不同温度、底质和饵料对管角螺孵化和稚、幼螺生长的影响[J].南方水产,2009,5(3):10-14.
[18]杨明,臧维玲,戴习林,等.不同底质对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长的影响[J].水产科技情报,2008,35(3):105-108.
[19]于业绍,黄则平.海水比重、温度和底质对青蛤稚贝生长、存活的影响[J].海洋渔业,1997(1):13-16.