波斯菊9个品种核型分析
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摘要
采用常规压片法,以波斯菊的9个品种为研究材料进行核型分析。结果表明:(1)供试波斯菊的染色体数目均为2n=24,染色体数目稳定,未见异常染色体,染色体类型中含有m、sm和st 3个类型。(2)核型类型有1A和2A型,矮杆均为1A型,高杆均为2A型。(3)最长与最短染色体比值范围为1.36～1.63,臂比大于2∶1的染色体占染色体总数的百分比范围是0%～33.33%,矮杆的3个品种臂比大于2∶1的染色体占染色体总数的百分比均为0%。(4)核型不对称系数范围为55.38%～65.46%,核型的不对称程度较高,推测波斯菊的进化程度较为进化,其中‘玫瑰糖’最原始,‘梦之蓝’最为进化。(5)不同品种的核型公式有所差异,说明不同品种之间具有丰富的染色体遗传多样性。
The karyological analysis on nine cultivars of Cosmos bipinnata were studied by conventional pressed slice method.The results showed that:(1)The chromosome number of each Cosmos bipinnatais 2 n=24 and the number of chromosomes is stable,no abnormal chromosomes were found.The chromosome types included m,sm and st.(2)The karyotype types contained 1 Aand 2 Aaccording to Stebbins classification criteria,the short rod were all type 1 A and the high rod were type 2 A.(3)The ratio of the longest and the shortest chromosome was from 1.36 to 1.63,The percentage of the total number of chromosomes in the arm ratio greater than 2∶1 was 0%—33.33%,and the percentage of the three varieties in the dwarf was 0%.(4)The karyotype asymmetry index(As.K)of nine cultivars was from 55.38% to 65.46%,which implied the karyotype of Cosmos bipinnata was asymmetry and evolution.Among the cultivars,the karyotype of‘Meiguitang'was the most primitive,and the karyotype of‘Mengzhilan'was the most evolutive.(5)The karyotype formulas of different cultivars were different,indicating that there are chromosomal genetic diversity among different cultivars.
The karyological analysis on nine cultivars of Cosmos bipinnata were studied by conventional pressed slice method.The results showed that:(1)The chromosome number of each Cosmos bipinnatais 2 n=24 and the number of chromosomes is stable,no abnormal chromosomes were found.The chromosome types included m,sm and st.(2)The karyotype types contained 1 Aand 2 Aaccording to Stebbins classification criteria,the short rod were all type 1 A and the high rod were type 2 A.(3)The ratio of the longest and the shortest chromosome was from 1.36 to 1.63,The percentage of the total number of chromosomes in the arm ratio greater than 2∶1 was 0%—33.33%,and the percentage of the three varieties in the dwarf was 0%.(4)The karyotype asymmetry index(As.K)of nine cultivars was from 55.38% to 65.46%,which implied the karyotype of Cosmos bipinnata was asymmetry and evolution.Among the cultivars,the karyotype of‘Meiguitang'was the most primitive,and the karyotype of‘Mengzhilan'was the most evolutive.(5)The karyotype formulas of different cultivars were different,indicating that there are chromosomal genetic diversity among different cultivars.
引文
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[17]张芳,邢世岩,韩晨静,等.叶籽银杏种质资源染色体核型分析及进化趋势[J].园艺学报,2011,38(12):2245-2252.
[18]李璇,段青,王祥宁,等.云南泸定百合12个野生居群的核型研究[J].园艺学报,2014,41(5):935-945.
[19]Zeng J S,Wang D X,Wu Y Q,et al.Karyotype Analysis of Gazania rigens Varieties[J].Horticultural Plant Journal,2016,2(5):279-283.
[20]贺士元.河北植物志(第三卷)[M].石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,1991:75-76.
[21]Thomas E M.Systematic studies in the Coreopsidinae:Cytotaxonomy of Mexican and Guatemalan Cosmos[J].American Journal of Botany,1968,55(3):345-353.
[22]彭海英.花楸属部分植物形态与核型研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2016.
[23]周杨,张亦默,王嘉伟,等.10个美女樱与细叶美女樱种(品种)核型分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(11):22-27.
[2]嵇云,张建军,李佩莲,等.植物生长延缓剂对波斯菊穴盘苗生长影响的初步研究[J].新疆农业科技,2009(5):43.
[3]章嘎,李林凤,娜仁图娜拉,等.染色体分析技术及其意义[J].中国组织工程研究,2009,13(46):9179-9182.
[4]张凡,张芹,胡彦鹏.塞罕坝野生金莲花不同居群核型比较[J].河北农业大学学报,2013,36(6):66-69.
[5]刘烨,张刘宽,魏瑞研,等.4种美女樱染色体核型分析[J].河北农业大学学报,2018,41(5):94-98.
[6]马梦茹,王英,庄南生,等.四个橡胶树主要栽培品种的核型分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2017,36(1):311-317.
[7]郭玉洁,张响,郭明阳,等.6种鼠尾草属植物的核型分析[J].河北农业大学学报,2018,41(5):90-93+123.
[8]金研铭,徐惠风,李艳.阿特拉津和汞胁迫对波斯菊种子萌发及生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(7):3384-3385+3407.
[9]杜艳,裴蕾,高志英,等.盐胁迫对2种基因型波斯菊种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(3):128-131.
[10]张娟,杨玉想.大花波斯菊在北方地区的栽培与应用[J].现代园艺,2010(9):20.
[11]张凡,张芹,龙双红.波斯菊核型分析[J].草业科学,2012,29(11):1715-1717.
[12]杨德奎,周俊英.山东10种植物的核型分析[J].广西植物,1999(4):349-354+395-397.
[13]李懋学,陈瑞阳.关于植物核型分析的标准化问题[J].武汉植物学研究,1985(4):297-302.
[14]Stebbins G L.Chromosomal evolution in higher plants[J].The American Biology Teacher,1972,34(5):290.
[15]Levan A,Fredya K,Sandberg A A.Nomenclature for centrometic position on chromosomes[J].Hereditas,1964,52:201-220.
[16]Arano H.The Karyotypes and the speciations insubfamily Carduoideae of Japan[J].Japanese Journal of Botany,1965,19(3):31-67.
[17]张芳,邢世岩,韩晨静,等.叶籽银杏种质资源染色体核型分析及进化趋势[J].园艺学报,2011,38(12):2245-2252.
[18]李璇,段青,王祥宁,等.云南泸定百合12个野生居群的核型研究[J].园艺学报,2014,41(5):935-945.
[19]Zeng J S,Wang D X,Wu Y Q,et al.Karyotype Analysis of Gazania rigens Varieties[J].Horticultural Plant Journal,2016,2(5):279-283.
[20]贺士元.河北植物志(第三卷)[M].石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,1991:75-76.
[21]Thomas E M.Systematic studies in the Coreopsidinae:Cytotaxonomy of Mexican and Guatemalan Cosmos[J].American Journal of Botany,1968,55(3):345-353.
[22]彭海英.花楸属部分植物形态与核型研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2016.
[23]周杨,张亦默,王嘉伟,等.10个美女樱与细叶美女樱种(品种)核型分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(11):22-27.