蜂王浆三针夹取式拣虫机的设计与试验
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摘要
蜂王浆拣虫是挖浆前必须完成的工序。由于蜜蜂幼虫个体较小、数目庞大,因此人工拣虫过程劳动强度非常大;然而中国养蜂人员老龄化日益严重,且目前蜂王浆拣虫机械化尚未成熟。该文针对中国养蜂现状提出一种以三针夹取的方式将王台中蜜蜂幼虫夹出的方法。以三针夹取的拣虫方式构建蜂王浆拣虫机整机方案。三根针在王台孔内壁同时做向心运动或分离运动,将蜜蜂幼虫夹住或松开。对传动机构中球面槽轮和凸轮的参数进行计算。通过有限元分析得出动力输入端脚踏板受力情况。计算得出球面槽轮圆柱销弧长7.5π,槽深20.68 mm;得出凸轮的理论廓线;有限元分析结果得出动力输入方式可靠。该机器在保留蜂王浆幼虫完整的前提下,一次性将整条王台(64孔)中蜜蜂幼虫全部拣出,可实现连续作业,拣虫效率为10条/min时为人工的10倍,克服了蜂场手工作业时间长和劳动强度大问题。对扩大中国蜂业养蜂规模有着极大的促进作用。
The royal jelly pick worm is a process that must be completed before harvesting pulp. Because of the larvae of bee are small and in a great deal of numbers, the labor intensity of the manual sorting process is very large. Moreover, the aging of Chinese beekeeping workforce is becoming increasingly serious in the bee keeping industry, and now the royal jelly picking worm have not yet reached mechanization, which hinders the production of royal jelly. In this paper, we developed a method for the present situation of Chinese beekeeping in a three-needle structural picking machine, which would not affect the quality of the royal jelly. First, the machine put the queen cell without beeswax one by one into the king's guide slot, then turned the pedal, the drive shaft was turned by pulley, and the main shaft would transfer the power to the drive unit and the picking worm unit. The toothed belt of the transmission unit transmitted the queen cell to the picking insect unit. Because of the its own weight, the queen cell which in guide groove was falling, implement automatic supply of queen cell, the action of picking worm was completed by pick worm unit, then bee larvae are collected by the insect collecting box. The queen cell was sent out after picking worm, thus finish the picking worm process. This device was easy to operate and had compact structure, suitable for the field operation for beekeepers. The machine was mainly used to construct the whole machine scheme of the three needles pick worm. The three needles were evenly distributed in the inner wall of queen cell, and at the same time, it also had a centripetal movement to clamp or loosen the bee. The three-needle mechanism was used for the coordination between the space sheave and cam mechanism, and the parameters of the space tank wheel and cam were calculated. The force situation of the foot pedal of the power input was obtained through finite element analysis. Finally, the arc length of the space slot was 7.5 PI, and the groove depth was 20.68 mm. The theoretical profile and work profile of the cam were obtained. The finite element analysis of the foot pedal was concluded that the actual stress was much less than the allowable stress of the material itself, which indicated that the method met the requirement of use. The experimental comparison and economic benefit of the artificial picking insects and the robot were summarized as follows: the machine will control the rate of worm picking at 10/min, 10 times the efficiency of manual sorting. The machine in royal jelly, royal jelly larvae preserved and did not affect the quality under the premise of one-time whole queen cell bee larvae all picked out of a hole(64), which realized continuous operation, greatly improved the efficiency of the pick of royal jelly, overcame long manual work time and labor intensity. It was very helpful to expand the scale of bee keeping in China.
The royal jelly pick worm is a process that must be completed before harvesting pulp. Because of the larvae of bee are small and in a great deal of numbers, the labor intensity of the manual sorting process is very large. Moreover, the aging of Chinese beekeeping workforce is becoming increasingly serious in the bee keeping industry, and now the royal jelly picking worm have not yet reached mechanization, which hinders the production of royal jelly. In this paper, we developed a method for the present situation of Chinese beekeeping in a three-needle structural picking machine, which would not affect the quality of the royal jelly. First, the machine put the queen cell without beeswax one by one into the king's guide slot, then turned the pedal, the drive shaft was turned by pulley, and the main shaft would transfer the power to the drive unit and the picking worm unit. The toothed belt of the transmission unit transmitted the queen cell to the picking insect unit. Because of the its own weight, the queen cell which in guide groove was falling, implement automatic supply of queen cell, the action of picking worm was completed by pick worm unit, then bee larvae are collected by the insect collecting box. The queen cell was sent out after picking worm, thus finish the picking worm process. This device was easy to operate and had compact structure, suitable for the field operation for beekeepers. The machine was mainly used to construct the whole machine scheme of the three needles pick worm. The three needles were evenly distributed in the inner wall of queen cell, and at the same time, it also had a centripetal movement to clamp or loosen the bee. The three-needle mechanism was used for the coordination between the space sheave and cam mechanism, and the parameters of the space tank wheel and cam were calculated. The force situation of the foot pedal of the power input was obtained through finite element analysis. Finally, the arc length of the space slot was 7.5 PI, and the groove depth was 20.68 mm. The theoretical profile and work profile of the cam were obtained. The finite element analysis of the foot pedal was concluded that the actual stress was much less than the allowable stress of the material itself, which indicated that the method met the requirement of use. The experimental comparison and economic benefit of the artificial picking insects and the robot were summarized as follows: the machine will control the rate of worm picking at 10/min, 10 times the efficiency of manual sorting. The machine in royal jelly, royal jelly larvae preserved and did not affect the quality under the premise of one-time whole queen cell bee larvae all picked out of a hole(64), which realized continuous operation, greatly improved the efficiency of the pick of royal jelly, overcame long manual work time and labor intensity. It was very helpful to expand the scale of bee keeping in China.
引文
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[2]李海燕.国内外养蜂政策现状及分析[J].中国蜂业,2012(43):43-46.Li Haiyan.Beekeeping policy at home and abroad present situation and the analysis[J].Apiculture of China,2012(43):43-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]宋心仿.如何应用蜂王浆[J].中国蜂业,2012,63(6):16.Song Xinfang.How to apply the royal jelly[J].Apiculture of China,2012,63(6):16.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]罗扬.2010年蜂王浆产品贸易现状分析[J].中国蜂业,2011,62(4):9-10.Luo Yang.In 2010,royal jelly products trade status quo analysis[J].Apiculture of China,2011,62(4):9-10.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]李海燕,刘凤彦,郝运坡.北京市养蜂业发展研究--基于蜂农调查数据的分析[J].农业经济问题,2011,32(8):19-24.Li Haiyan,Liu Fengyan,Hao Yunpo,The development of beekeeping industry in Beijing-based on the analysis of the data of bee farmers[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2011,32(8):19-24.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]房宇,陈健,白润成.美国蜜蜂授粉概况[J].中国蜂业,2008(5):49.Fang Yu,Chen Jian,Bai Runcheng.American bee pollination[J].Apiculture of China,2008(5):49.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]方文富,国占宝,张文松.意蜂采用2、3日龄工蜂幼虫产浆的研究[J].中国蜂业,2000(4):4-6.Fang Wenfu,Guo Zhanbao,Zhang Wensong.A study on the royal jelly production of apis mellifera with two and with three days old instars[J].Apiculture of China,2000(4):4-6.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]方文富,张文松,吉挺.西方蜜蜂产浆适龄幼虫及取浆时间[J].福建农业大学学报,1996(2):109-112.Fang Wenfu,Zhang Wensong,Ji Ting.The time of the larvae and the pulping of western bees[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,1996(2):109-112.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]潘其忠,林金龙,吴小波.蜂王浆机械化生产关键技术研究与应用(Ⅰ)[J].江西农业大学学报,2013,35(4):842-847,857.Pan Qizhong,Lin Jinglong,Wu Xiaobo.Research and application of key technique for mechanized production of royal jelly(Ⅰ)[J].Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University,2013,35(4):842-847,857.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]潘其忠,林金龙,吴小波.蜂王浆机械化生产关键技术研究与应用(Ⅱ)(J).江西农业大学学报,2013,35(5):1036-1041.Pan Qizhong,Lin Jinglong,Wu Xiaobo.Research and application of key technique for mechanized production of royal jelly(Ⅱ)[J].Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University,2013,35(5):1036-1041.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]潘其忠,林金龙,吴小波.蜂王浆机械化生产关键技术研究与应用(Ⅲ)[J].江西农业大学学报,2013,35(6):1261-1265.Pan Qizhong,Lin Jinglong,Wu Xiaobo.Research and application of key technique for mechanized production of royal jelly(Ⅲ)[J].Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University,2013,35(6):1261-1265.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]潘其忠,林金龙,吴小波.蜂王浆机械化生产关键技术研究与应用(Ⅳ)[J].江西农业大学学报,2013,35(6):1266-1271.Pan Qizhong,Lin Jinglong,Wu Xiaobo.Research and application of key technique for mechanized production of royal jelly(Ⅳ)[J].Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University,2013,35(6):1266-1271.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]章磊,赵鹏.槽轮机构的运动分析与优化设计[J].科学技术与工程,2011(18):4198-4202.Zhang Lei,Zhao Peng.Motion Analysis and optimization design of geneva mechanism[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2011(18):4198-4202.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]何亚凯,李树君,杨学军,等.凸轮摆杆式栽植机构运动分析及性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(6):34-41.He Yakai,Li Shujun,Yang Xuejun,et al.Kinematic analysis and performance experiment of cam swing link planting mechanism[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(6):34-41.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]苑进,李扬,刘雪美,等.禽蛋自动捡拾系统结构设计及机械手运动规划[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):48-55.Yuan Jin,Li Yang,Liu Xuemei,et al.Structure design of egg auto-picking system and manipulator motion planning[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(8):48-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]向晓汉,张锡清,陆彬.改善槽轮机构动态特性的研究[J].机械设计与制造,2006(7):106-107.Xiang Xiaohan,Zhang Xiqing,Lu Bin.Research on the dynamic characteristics of tank wheel mechanism[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2006(7):106-107.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]杨良渠.包机中内槽轮机构的运动和力分析[J].重庆工商大学学报,2005(4):390-393.Yang Liangqu,The motion and force analysis of the inner wheel mechanism in the charter[J].Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University,2005(4):390-393.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]金国光,魏展,秦凯旋,等.高速凸轮机构动力学分析及模态截断[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(13):227-234.Jin Guoguang,Wei Zhan,Qin Kaixuan,et al.Dynamic analysis and modal truncation of high-speed cam mechanism[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(13):227-234.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]刘辰.外槽轮机构设计分析[J].机电工程技术,2009,38(2):61-63,97,107.Liu Chen.Design analysis of outer slot wheel mechanism[J].Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Technology,2009,38(2):61-63,97,107.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]王良文,杜文辽,崔纪雷.自动机械中槽轮机构的参数化设计与仿真[J].机械设计,2006(12):44-46.Wang Liangwen,Du Wenliao,Chui Jilei.Parametric design and simulation of slot wheel mechanism in automatic machine[J].Journal of Machine Design,2006(12):44-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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