基于弹齿轨迹的滚筒式牧草捡拾器遗漏率及工作参数优化
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摘要
该文基于弹齿的运动轨迹,建立了遗漏率理论模型并进行了仿真,利用MATLAB编程实现捡拾器凸轮机构的参数化设计。对凸轮轨道为正弦加速度规律运动的捡拾器进行遗漏率理论分析,并利用高速摄像系统进行试验,理论与试验的漏捡区高度线性拟合调整R~2为0.998 8,漏捡区面积线性拟合调整R~2为0.960 4。在捡拾器机器前进速度4~6 km/h,滚筒转速40~90 r/min时,应用遗漏率理论模型进行中心组合响应曲面法分析和目标优化,得到的理论工作参数最佳组合为前进速度4.0 km/h,滚筒转速54.299 r/min,此时,漏捡区高度0.796 cm,漏捡区面积6.369 cm~2。在前进速度4 km/h和滚筒转速55 r/min的条件下进行不同含水率牧草的捡拾试验,遗漏率均低于国家标准要求的25%。该研究为捡拾器设计提供了理论基础,且能更好地指导实际生产。
The leakage rate is a very important pickup performance indexer of a grass collector machine. It is critical to determine mechanical structural and performance parameters of a grass collector so that its leakage rate is lower than national standard. The overlap area of two adjacent bullet teeth trajectory profile is called pickup leakage area. A lower leakage rate requires a smaller pickup leakage area and lower height of pickup leakage area. Leakage rate of a collector could be well represented by total pickup leakage area and height of pickup leakage area. In this study, a program named "Parametric design system of spring-finger cylinder pickup collector" was developed using MATLAB 2016 b based on kinematics analysis of spring-finger cylinder pickup collector. An innovated spring-finger cylinder pickup collector was designed based on sinusoid accelerated cam mechanism at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. In order to optimize and minimize leakage rate of this spring-finger cylinder pickup collector machine, a simulation model was established using its mechanical structural and performance parameters. This mathematical simulation model contained five kinds of follower movement law, it provided spring-finger teeth to teeth trajectory profile, spring-finger teeth speed profile and spring-finger teeth acceleration profile. These data were used to check mechanical structural parameters and boundary condition of the spring-finger cylinder pickup collector; and they were also used to calculate total pickup leakage area and height of pickup leakage area of the collector. Central composite response surface method test was taken on the new type of the pickup collector test bench developed by Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. Under conditions of forward speed of 4-6 km/h and cylinder rotation speed of 40 – 90 r/min, high-speed camera system was used to track the moving trajectory of the bullet teeth end, the end displacement fitting curves of spring finger were got by using three-time sample insertion method for interpolation, experimental leakage area height and leakage area were calculated. The theoretical leakage area height and leakage area were analyzed by the program. Test results are basically consistent with the theoretical results of the program. Correctness of simulation mathematical model of the program is verified. The study showed the correlation coefficient of height of pickup leakage area between theoretical model and tested result was R~2=0.998 8; the correlation coefficient of pickup leakage area between theoretical model and tested result was R~2=0.960 4. Response surface based analysis and test result showed that when forward speed was set as constant, the leakage rate decreased if the drum rotation speed was increased; and when drum speed was set as constant, the leakage rate increased if the forward speed was increased. After increasing the boundary condition of collector, the leakage rate optimization showed that the lowest leakage rate happened when moving forward speed was 4.0 km/h and a drum rotating speed was 54.299 r/min, at which point that the leakage area height was 0.796 cm, and total leakage area was 6.369 cm~2. The tests were conducted for Alfalfa grass with different moisture content, when the forward speed was 4.0 km/h and drum rotation speed was 55 r/min, leakage area rate of the spring-finger cylinder pickup collector were all lower than 25% national standard.
The leakage rate is a very important pickup performance indexer of a grass collector machine. It is critical to determine mechanical structural and performance parameters of a grass collector so that its leakage rate is lower than national standard. The overlap area of two adjacent bullet teeth trajectory profile is called pickup leakage area. A lower leakage rate requires a smaller pickup leakage area and lower height of pickup leakage area. Leakage rate of a collector could be well represented by total pickup leakage area and height of pickup leakage area. In this study, a program named "Parametric design system of spring-finger cylinder pickup collector" was developed using MATLAB 2016 b based on kinematics analysis of spring-finger cylinder pickup collector. An innovated spring-finger cylinder pickup collector was designed based on sinusoid accelerated cam mechanism at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. In order to optimize and minimize leakage rate of this spring-finger cylinder pickup collector machine, a simulation model was established using its mechanical structural and performance parameters. This mathematical simulation model contained five kinds of follower movement law, it provided spring-finger teeth to teeth trajectory profile, spring-finger teeth speed profile and spring-finger teeth acceleration profile. These data were used to check mechanical structural parameters and boundary condition of the spring-finger cylinder pickup collector; and they were also used to calculate total pickup leakage area and height of pickup leakage area of the collector. Central composite response surface method test was taken on the new type of the pickup collector test bench developed by Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. Under conditions of forward speed of 4-6 km/h and cylinder rotation speed of 40 – 90 r/min, high-speed camera system was used to track the moving trajectory of the bullet teeth end, the end displacement fitting curves of spring finger were got by using three-time sample insertion method for interpolation, experimental leakage area height and leakage area were calculated. The theoretical leakage area height and leakage area were analyzed by the program. Test results are basically consistent with the theoretical results of the program. Correctness of simulation mathematical model of the program is verified. The study showed the correlation coefficient of height of pickup leakage area between theoretical model and tested result was R~2=0.998 8; the correlation coefficient of pickup leakage area between theoretical model and tested result was R~2=0.960 4. Response surface based analysis and test result showed that when forward speed was set as constant, the leakage rate decreased if the drum rotation speed was increased; and when drum speed was set as constant, the leakage rate increased if the forward speed was increased. After increasing the boundary condition of collector, the leakage rate optimization showed that the lowest leakage rate happened when moving forward speed was 4.0 km/h and a drum rotating speed was 54.299 r/min, at which point that the leakage area height was 0.796 cm, and total leakage area was 6.369 cm~2. The tests were conducted for Alfalfa grass with different moisture content, when the forward speed was 4.0 km/h and drum rotation speed was 55 r/min, leakage area rate of the spring-finger cylinder pickup collector were all lower than 25% national standard.
引文
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[2]王学农,陈发,张佳喜,等.基于Solidworks残腊捡拾滚筒3D设计及运动仿真[J].新疆农业科技,2008,45(S2):156-158.Wang Xuenong,Chen Fa,Zhang Jiaxi,et al.Three-dimensional design and motion simulating of tooth roller for collecting residual plastic film based on the software of Solidworks[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2008,45(S2):156-158.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]王锋德,陈志,王俊友,等.4YF-1300型大方捆打捆机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(11):36-41.Wang Fengde,Chen Zhi,Wang Junyou,et al.Design and experiment of 4YF-1300 large rectangular baler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(11):36-41.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[5]乌吉斯古楞.弹齿滚筒式牧草捡拾器运动仿真及性能参数的试验研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010.Wujisiguleng.Simulation and Experimental Study on Performance Parameters of Spring-tooth Grass Pickup Roller[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]孙贵斌,孙召瑞,吴修彬,等.基于COSMOS Motion的弹齿滚筒捡拾器运动仿真[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2010,48(8):37-39.Sun Guibin,Sun Zhaorui,Wu Xiubin,et al.Simulation of spring-finger cylinder pickups motion based on COSMOSMotion[J].Agricultural Equipment&Vehicle Engineering,2010,48(8):37-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]王振华,王德成,刘贵林,等.方草捆压捆机捡拾器参数设计[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(增刊):107-109.Wang Zhenhua,Wang Decheng,Liu Guilin,et al.Pickup parameters design of square baler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(Supp.):107-109.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]袁彩云,刁培松,张道林.弹齿滚筒捡拾器的设计与运动仿真[J].农机化研究,2011,33(5):73-76.Yuan Caiyun,Diao Peisong,Zhang Daolin.Design and motion simulation of spring-finger cylinder pickups[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(5):73-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]王文明,王春光.弹齿滚筒式捡拾器参数分析与仿真[J].农机化研究,2012,43(10):82-89.Wang Wenming,Wang Chunguang.Parameter analysis and simulation of spring-finger cylinder pickup collector[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012,43(10):82-89.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]肖子学.弹齿滚筒式捡拾器的参数化设计及运动学仿真研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.Xiao Zixue.Parametric Design and Kinematics Simulation on Spring-Finger Cylinder Pick up Collector[D].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]丁海泉,郁志宏,刘伟峰,等.弹齿滚筒式捡拾器运动学特性的理论分析[J].农机化研究,2015,37(10):76-82.Ding Haiquan,Yu Zhihong,Liu Weifeng,et al.Theory analysis on kinematics characteristics of spring-finger cylinder pickup device[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2015,37(10):76-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]郁志宏,王文明,莫日根毕力格,等.弹齿滚筒式捡拾器捡拾性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(3):106-112.Yu Zhihong,Wang Wenming,Morigenbilige,et al.Experiment on performance of spring-finger cylinder pickup collector[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(3):106-112.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]郁志宏,莫日根毕力格,王文明,等.弹齿滚筒式牧草捡拾器性能参数对比试验研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(2):122-127.Yu Zhihong,Morigenbilige,Wang Wenming,et al.Comparison Experimental and research on the performance parameter of the spring-finger cylinder pickup collector[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(2):122-127.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]郁志宏,达布其力吐,王文明,等.捡拾器试验台性能参数分析与优化[J].农机化研究,2017,39(1):187-191,196.Yu Zhihong,Dabuqilitu,Wang Wenming,et al.The performance parameters analysis and optimazation of pickup Experimental-device[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(1):187-191,196.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]郁志宏,吴淑红,王文明,等.弹齿滚筒式捡拾器弹齿的静力学分析[J].农机化研究,2017,39(4):27-31.Yu Zhihong,Wu Shuhong,Wang Wenming,et al.Static analysis for spring-finger of 9KJ-1.4a forage baler pickup collector[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(4):27-31.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Bortolini Marco,Cascini Alessandro,Gamberi Mauro.Sustainable design and life cycle assessment of an innovative multi-functional haymaking agricultural machinery[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,82:23-36.
[17]Langer Thomas H,Ebbesen Morten K.Kordestani Ario.Experimental analysis of occupational whole-body vibration exposure of agricultural tractor with large square baler[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2015(47):79-83.
[18]中华人民共和国机械行业标准.牧草捡拾器:JB/T5160-2010[S].
[19]卡那沃依斯基.收获机械[M].曹崇文,吴春江,柯保康,译.北京:中国农业机械出版社,1983.
[20]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册:下册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[21]李霞,刘本学,张三川.基于MATLAB软件的凸轮轮廓曲线设计及从动件运动学仿真[J].中原工学院学报,2012,23(1):41-43,78.Li Xia,Liu Benxue,Zhang Sanchuan.The design of the cam profile and the follower kinematics simulation with MATLAB[J].Journal of Zhongyuan University of Technology,2012,23(1):41-43,78.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]盛凯,曾南宏.弹齿滚筒捡拾器的机构特性及其运动数学模型[J].农业机械学报,1991,22(1):51-57.Sheng Kai,Zeng Nanhong.The mechanical feature and motional math model of spring-finger cylinder pick-ups[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1991,22(1):51-57.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]盛凯.摆动从动件盘形凸轮机构CAD通用程序设计[J].吉林工学院学报,1986(1):121-129.Sheng Kai.General program of CAD of plate cam mechanism with swing driven member[J].Journal of Jilin Institute of Technology,1986(1):121-129.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]陈魁.试验设计与分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
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