我国局部外观设计专利保护之必要性探讨
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摘要
产品的外观设计既包括对产品整体外观的设计,也包括产品外观某个部分或局部的设计。虽然我国现行《专利法》并未将局部外观设计排除在专利的保护范围之外,但在专利审查实践中对于产品的局部外观设计专利申请并不能获得授权,这是我国局部外观设计专利保护的现实困境。局部外观设计是设计者的智力劳动成果,能够为产品生产者带来经济利益,并且符合外观设计专利的构成要件,其应当与产品的整体外观设计一样获得法律的承认和保护。在《专利法》中明确规定局部外观设计的"可专利性"地位,在审查实践中对符合条件的局部外观设计授予专利权,这既是我国外观设计专利保护制度与国际接轨的要求,也是我国外观设计产业发展的现实需要。
The design of the product includes both the design of the overall appearance of the product and the design of a part or part of the appearance of the product. Although the current Patent Law of China does not exclude the partial design from the scope of patent protection, in the practice of patent examination, the patent application for the partial design of the product cannot be authorized. This is the real dilemma of patent protection for the partial design in China. The partial design is the result of the designer's intellectual labor. It can bring economic benefits to the producer of the product and meet the constituent elements of the design patent. It should be recognized and protected by law as the overall design of the product. In the Patent Law clearly stipulates the "patentability" status of partial design, and grants patent rights to eligible partial designs in the practice of examination. This is not only the requirement of China's design patent protection system and international standards, but also is a realistic need for the development of China's design industry.
The design of the product includes both the design of the overall appearance of the product and the design of a part or part of the appearance of the product. Although the current Patent Law of China does not exclude the partial design from the scope of patent protection, in the practice of patent examination, the patent application for the partial design of the product cannot be authorized. This is the real dilemma of patent protection for the partial design in China. The partial design is the result of the designer's intellectual labor. It can bring economic benefits to the producer of the product and meet the constituent elements of the design patent. It should be recognized and protected by law as the overall design of the product. In the Patent Law clearly stipulates the "patentability" status of partial design, and grants patent rights to eligible partial designs in the practice of examination. This is not only the requirement of China's design patent protection system and international standards, but also is a realistic need for the development of China's design industry.
引文
1.The design embodied in or applied to portion of an article of manufacture.
2.参见《专利法修订草案(送审稿)》第2条第4款。
3.胡充寒:《外观设计专利侵权判定理论与实务研究》,法律出版社2010年版,第36页。
4.参见王利明:《民法总则研究》,中国人民大学出版社2003年版,第187页。
5.See Harry C.Marcusa1 Mark J.Abatea1.Design Patent Infringement Put to Sea Without Guiding Charts.AIPLA Quarterly Journal.Spring 1994.
6.曹新明:《我国增加局部外观设计专利保护研究》,载《知识产权》2018年第4期,第4页。
7.参见《指南》第一部分第三章第7.4节。
8.参见《指南》第一部分第三章第4.22节。
9.为了与发明和实用新型获得专利权的“新颖性”称呼相一致,理论界通常把《专利法》第23条第1款的规定成为外观设计获得专利的“新颖性”条件,把第2款的规定成为外观设计获得专利的“创造性”条件。
10.参见北京市第一中级人民法院(2012)一中知行初字第1400号行政判决书。
11.参见张黎明:《产品部分外观设计在中国的变通申请与保护》,载《中国发明与专利》2015第11期,第43-46页。
12.参见宁波市中级人民法院(2015)浙甬知初字第658号民事判决书。
13.寇树芳、常博:《市场化工业产品外观设计的影响力辨析》,载《中国科技信息》2013年第12期,第180页。
14.陈义、顾琛:《论现代消费文化与产品外观设计》,载《武汉科技学院学报》2017第1期,73-74页。
15.See Application of Zahn,617 F.2d 261(C.C.P.A.1980).
16.See Application of Zahn,617 F.2d 261(C.C.P.A.1980).
17.“In a design patent application,the subject matter which is claimed is the design embodied in or applied to an article of manufacture(or portion thereof)and not the article itself.”
18.1999年《日本外观设计法》第2条第1款规定:“本法所称外观设计,是指由物品(含物品的构成部分,第8条除外,以下亦同)的形状、图案、色彩或其结合构成的能够引起视觉上美感的设计。”参见杜颖、易继明:《日本专利法》,法律出版社2001年版,第134页。
19.Council Regulation(EC)No 6/2002 of 12 December 2001 on Community designs.
20.《保护条例》第3条a款规定:"design"means the appearance of the whole or a part of a product resulting from the features of,in particular,the lines,contours,colours,shape,texture and/or materials of the product itself and/or its ornamentation.
21.See Alexander Bulling,Angelika Lang?hrig,Tillmann Hellwig.The Community Design:A New Right of Design Protection for the European Community[J].Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society,2004,86(2):115-121.
22.Front grill of a hood for an agricultural tractor.
23.Bearing for a wheel,a part of a bearing for a wheel,and a hub wheel of a bearing for a wheel.
24.参见国家知识产权局:“专利法修改应引入局部外观设计保护制度”,http://www.sipo.gov.cn/mtsd/1126121.htm,最后访问日期:2018年10月31日。
25.吴汉东:《知识产权中国化应用研究》,中国人民大学出版社2014年版,第66页。
26.吴溯、陈晓、秦锋:《美国部分外观设计保护制度和图形用户界面保护制度的发展及启示》,载《电子知识产权》2014第9期,第58页。
27.李媛媛:《我国引入部分外观设计保护制度初探》,载《中国发明与专利》2013第11期,第22页。
28.参见“创新主体呼吁:专利法修改应引入局部外观设计保护制度”,http://ip.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0712/c179663-30142455.html,最后访问日期:2019年5月14日。
2.参见《专利法修订草案(送审稿)》第2条第4款。
3.胡充寒:《外观设计专利侵权判定理论与实务研究》,法律出版社2010年版,第36页。
4.参见王利明:《民法总则研究》,中国人民大学出版社2003年版,第187页。
5.See Harry C.Marcusa1 Mark J.Abatea1.Design Patent Infringement Put to Sea Without Guiding Charts.AIPLA Quarterly Journal.Spring 1994.
6.曹新明:《我国增加局部外观设计专利保护研究》,载《知识产权》2018年第4期,第4页。
7.参见《指南》第一部分第三章第7.4节。
8.参见《指南》第一部分第三章第4.22节。
9.为了与发明和实用新型获得专利权的“新颖性”称呼相一致,理论界通常把《专利法》第23条第1款的规定成为外观设计获得专利的“新颖性”条件,把第2款的规定成为外观设计获得专利的“创造性”条件。
10.参见北京市第一中级人民法院(2012)一中知行初字第1400号行政判决书。
11.参见张黎明:《产品部分外观设计在中国的变通申请与保护》,载《中国发明与专利》2015第11期,第43-46页。
12.参见宁波市中级人民法院(2015)浙甬知初字第658号民事判决书。
13.寇树芳、常博:《市场化工业产品外观设计的影响力辨析》,载《中国科技信息》2013年第12期,第180页。
14.陈义、顾琛:《论现代消费文化与产品外观设计》,载《武汉科技学院学报》2017第1期,73-74页。
15.See Application of Zahn,617 F.2d 261(C.C.P.A.1980).
16.See Application of Zahn,617 F.2d 261(C.C.P.A.1980).
17.“In a design patent application,the subject matter which is claimed is the design embodied in or applied to an article of manufacture(or portion thereof)and not the article itself.”
18.1999年《日本外观设计法》第2条第1款规定:“本法所称外观设计,是指由物品(含物品的构成部分,第8条除外,以下亦同)的形状、图案、色彩或其结合构成的能够引起视觉上美感的设计。”参见杜颖、易继明:《日本专利法》,法律出版社2001年版,第134页。
19.Council Regulation(EC)No 6/2002 of 12 December 2001 on Community designs.
20.《保护条例》第3条a款规定:"design"means the appearance of the whole or a part of a product resulting from the features of,in particular,the lines,contours,colours,shape,texture and/or materials of the product itself and/or its ornamentation.
21.See Alexander Bulling,Angelika Lang?hrig,Tillmann Hellwig.The Community Design:A New Right of Design Protection for the European Community[J].Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society,2004,86(2):115-121.
22.Front grill of a hood for an agricultural tractor.
23.Bearing for a wheel,a part of a bearing for a wheel,and a hub wheel of a bearing for a wheel.
24.参见国家知识产权局:“专利法修改应引入局部外观设计保护制度”,http://www.sipo.gov.cn/mtsd/1126121.htm,最后访问日期:2018年10月31日。
25.吴汉东:《知识产权中国化应用研究》,中国人民大学出版社2014年版,第66页。
26.吴溯、陈晓、秦锋:《美国部分外观设计保护制度和图形用户界面保护制度的发展及启示》,载《电子知识产权》2014第9期,第58页。
27.李媛媛:《我国引入部分外观设计保护制度初探》,载《中国发明与专利》2013第11期,第22页。
28.参见“创新主体呼吁:专利法修改应引入局部外观设计保护制度”,http://ip.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0712/c179663-30142455.html,最后访问日期:2019年5月14日。