斜撑式超越离合器用Cr_7C_3涂层和GCr15基体的磨损行为研究
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摘要
目的研究斜撑式超越离合器用Cr_7C_3涂层和GCr15基体与合金钢9310对磨时的摩擦性能和磨损机理。方法在GCr15基体上利用化学气相沉积技术制备Cr_7C_3涂层样件。利用带有能谱分析仪的扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和纳米压痕仪分析测量涂层的厚度和物相组成以及有无Cr_7C_3涂层时样件的显微硬度。利用球-盘接触式SRV-4高温摩擦磨损试验机考察Cr_7C_3涂层和GCr15基体的摩擦磨损性能。采用三维白光干涉形貌仪和扫描电镜系统地分析材料的磨痕情况。结果 Cr_7C_3涂层厚度约为4~6μm,主要包含Cr_7C_3和(Cr,Fe)7C3两种相。涂层的平均显微硬度为22.709 GPa,约为GCr15基体(11.198 GPa)的2倍。在试验参数下,Cr_7C_3涂层的摩擦系数为0.18~0.24,GCr15基体的摩擦系数为0.15~0.20。当滑动速度为60 mm/s,法向载荷为20 N~60 N时,GCr15的磨损率约是Cr_7C_3涂层的4~6倍;当滑动速度为100 mm/s时,GCr15基体的磨损率约是Cr_7C_3涂层的7~11倍。当滑动速度为100 mm/s,法向载荷为60 N时,GCr15基体的磨损机理为典型的犁沟磨损。Cr_7C_3涂层主要为犁沟磨损和一定的疲劳磨损。结论 Cr_7C_3涂层具有较高的硬度和良好的耐磨性,有助于改善基体的耐磨性能和斜撑式超越离合器的使用性能。
The work aims to study frication property and wear mechanism of Cr_7C_3 coating or GCr15 substrate being rubbed with 9310 alloy steel for sprag overrunning clutch. Cr_7C_3 coating sample was prepared on GCr15 substrate by adopting chemicalvapor deposition technology. The thickness and phase composition of Cr_7C_3 coating and microhardness of both samples(with and without Cr_7C_3 coating) were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM)(with EDS analysis),X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and nano-indenter. Friction and wear properties of Cr_7C_3 coating and GCr15 substrate were investigated with ball-on-disk SRV-4 high temperature tribotester. Wear scar conditions of the materials were characterized systematically with 3 D white light interferometer surface profiler and SEM. It was calculated that the thickness of Cr_7C_3 coating was about 4~6 μm. And it was mainly composed of phase Cr_7C_3 and phase(Cr,Fe)7 C3. Average surface microhardness of the Cr_7C_3 coating was 22.709 GPa, nearly twice that of GCr15 substrate(11.198 GPa). Under experimental parameters, frication coefficient of the Cr_7C_3 coating ranged between 0.18~0.24 while that of GCr15 substrate ranged between 0.15~0.20. Wear rate of GCr15 was about 4~6 times that of Cr_7C_3 coating at the sliding speed of 60 mm/s and normal load of 20~60 N, but 7~11 times that of Cr_7C_3 coating at the sliding speed of 100 mm/s. The wear mechanism of GCr15 substrate was typical furrow wear, and that of Cr_7C_3 coating was mainly furrow wear and fatigue wear at the sliding speed of 100 mm/s and normal load of 60 N. Cr_7C_3 coating has high microhardness and excellent wear resistance, which can contribute to better wear resistance of the substrate and higher usability of sprag overrunning clutch.
The work aims to study frication property and wear mechanism of Cr_7C_3 coating or GCr15 substrate being rubbed with 9310 alloy steel for sprag overrunning clutch. Cr_7C_3 coating sample was prepared on GCr15 substrate by adopting chemicalvapor deposition technology. The thickness and phase composition of Cr_7C_3 coating and microhardness of both samples(with and without Cr_7C_3 coating) were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM)(with EDS analysis),X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and nano-indenter. Friction and wear properties of Cr_7C_3 coating and GCr15 substrate were investigated with ball-on-disk SRV-4 high temperature tribotester. Wear scar conditions of the materials were characterized systematically with 3 D white light interferometer surface profiler and SEM. It was calculated that the thickness of Cr_7C_3 coating was about 4~6 μm. And it was mainly composed of phase Cr_7C_3 and phase(Cr,Fe)7 C3. Average surface microhardness of the Cr_7C_3 coating was 22.709 GPa, nearly twice that of GCr15 substrate(11.198 GPa). Under experimental parameters, frication coefficient of the Cr_7C_3 coating ranged between 0.18~0.24 while that of GCr15 substrate ranged between 0.15~0.20. Wear rate of GCr15 was about 4~6 times that of Cr_7C_3 coating at the sliding speed of 60 mm/s and normal load of 20~60 N, but 7~11 times that of Cr_7C_3 coating at the sliding speed of 100 mm/s. The wear mechanism of GCr15 substrate was typical furrow wear, and that of Cr_7C_3 coating was mainly furrow wear and fatigue wear at the sliding speed of 100 mm/s and normal load of 60 N. Cr_7C_3 coating has high microhardness and excellent wear resistance, which can contribute to better wear resistance of the substrate and higher usability of sprag overrunning clutch.
引文
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[22]贾贵西,李言,袁启龙,等.磁控溅射制备Cr7C3多层复合镀层及其耐磨性能[J].中国机械工程,2011,22(3):363-366.JIA Gui-xi,LI Yan,YUAN Qi-long,et al.Preparation and wear resistance performance of Cr7C3 multilayer composite coatings by magnetron sputtering[J].China mechanical engineering,2011,22(3):363-366.
[23]房金铭,冯志海,张中伟.热解碳微观结构调控与纳米压痕测试[J].装备环境工程,2016,13(3):82-87.FANG Jin-ming,FENG Zhi-hai,ZHANG Zhong-wei.Micro-structure control of pyrocarbon and nano indentation test[J].Equipment engineering engineering,2016,13(3):82-87.
[24]李奇,王宪成,蔡志海,等.重型车辆发动机电镀Cr活塞环的摩擦学性能[J].中国表面工程,2013,26(1):91-97.LI Qi,WANG Xian-cheng,CAI Zhi-hai,et al.Tribological property of plated Cr piston ring for heavy vehicle engine[J].China surface engineering,2013,26(1):91-97.
[2]孔炜,朱春梅.高转速楔块式超越离合器研究[J].轻工机械,2009,27(6):79-81.KONG wei,ZHU Chun-mei.Study of the high-speed sprag overrunning clutch[J].Light industry machinery,2009,27(6):79-81.
[3]顾俊,严宏志,朱自冰,等.斜撑式超越离合器楔块的曲线拟合及寿命预测[J].现代制造工程,2009(3):79-82.GU Jun,YAN Hong-zhi,ZHU Zi-bing,et al.Contact stress analysis of sprag overrunning clutch and life prediction[J].Modern manufacturing engineering,2009(3):79-82.
[4]杨林,曾献智,张亭亭,等.超越离合器的磨损研究[J].机械研究与应用,2008(2):21-23.YANG Lin,ZENG Xian-zhi,ZHANG Ting-ting,et al.Abrasion research of overrunning coupler[J].Mechanical research&application,2008(2):21-23.
[5]严宏志,叶辉,陈新宇,等.超越弹簧离合器的摩擦磨损特性分析[J].机械科学与技术,2016,35(4):630-635.YAN Hong-zhi,YE Hui,CHEN Xin-yu,et al.Analyzing frication and wear characteristics of overrunning spring clutch[J].Mechanical science and technology for aerospace engineering,2016,35(4):630-635.
[6]严宏志,顾俊,何明生.强制连续约束超越离合器楔块疲劳寿命分析及楔块结构优化[J].机械科学与技术,2011,30(11):1965-1967,1972.YAN Hong-zhi,GU Jun,HE Ming-sheng.Fatigue life analysis and structural optimization of PCE clutch sprag[J].Mechanical science and technology for aerospace engineering,2011,30(11):1965-1967,1972.
[7]严宏志,杨兵,胡魁贤,等.不同摩擦条件对强制连续约束型离合器工作性能的影响[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(17):86-92.YAN Hong-zhi,YANG Bing,HU Kui-xian,et al.Working performance analysis of positive-continuous-engagement type clutch in different frication conditions[J].Journal of mechanical engineering,2010,46(17):86-92.
[8]盖小涛,赵永强,刘明.强制连续型超越离合器弹出现象研究[J].机械传动,2017,41(9):106-110.GAI Xiao-tao,ZHAO Yong-qiang,LIU Ming.Research of the POP-in and out phenomenon of PCE overruning clutch[J].Journal of mechanical transmission,2017,41(9):106-110.
[9]朱楚.高速斜撑超越离合器设计方法研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2012.ZHU Chu.Research on design method of high speed sprag overrunning clutch[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronauties and Astronauties,2012.
[10]朱楚,朱如鹏,靳广虎.对斜撑超越离合器力学性能的影响分析[J].机械制造与自动化,2012,41(5):11-13,20.ZHU Chu,ZHU Ru-peng,JIN Guang-hu.Analysis of effects on mechanical properties of sprag overrunning clutch[J].Machine building&automation,2012,41(5):11-13,20.
[11]李慎华,郭鑫,韩涛,等.离心接合型超越离合器磨损特性分析及解决方法[J].轴承,2016(4):43-45.LI Shen-hua,GUO Xin,HAN Tao,et al.Analysis and solution for wear characteristics of centrifugal engagement type overrunning clutch[J].Bearing,2016(4):43-45.
[12]李继锋,宗晓明,李泽强.斜撑式超越离合器用楔块的分类及成型方法[J].制造技术与机床,2015(7):157-160.LI Ji-feng,ZONG Xiao-ming,LI Ze-qiang.Processing methods and classification of sprag in overrunning clutch[J].Manufacturing technology&machine tool,2015(7):157-160.
[13]VERNAY P,FERRARIS G,DELBEZ A,et al.Transient behaviour of a sprag-type over-running clutch:An experimental study[J].Journal of sound and vibration,2001,248(3):567-572.
[14]PEEKEN H J,GOLD P W.Couplings and clutches state of the art[J].Vdiberichte,1996,1230:47-62.
[15]XU T,LOWEN G G.A mathematical model of an over-running sprag clutch[J].Mechanism&machine theory,1994,29(1):11-23.
[16]刘开琪,徐强,张会军.金属陶瓷的制备与应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2008.LIU Kai-qi,XU Qiang,ZHANG Hui-jun.Preparation and application of metal ceramic[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2008.
[17]高峰,徐红艳,马尧.超音速火焰喷涂Cr7C3-Ni Cr、Cr23C6-Ni涂层性能研究[J].粉末冶金技术,2014,32(5):335-337.GAO Feng,XU Hong-yan,MA Yao.Study on the properties of Cr7C3-Ni Cr and Cr23C6-Ni coatings deposited by HVOF processes[J].Powder metallurgy technology,2014,32(5):335-337.
[18]孙万昌,张磊,张晗,等.金属表面复合层研究进展[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(16):75-77.SUN Wan-chang,ZHANG Lei,ZHANG Han,et al.Research progress of composite coating on metal substrate[J].Hot working technology,2011,40(16):75-77.
[19]谢涛,王杰,段可,等.化学气相沉积法制备Cr2O3涂层及其性能研究[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(4):178-180.XIE Tao,WANG Jie,DUAN Ke,et al.Study on preparation and properties of Cr2O3 ceramic coating by chemical vapor deposition[J].Hot working technology,2015,44(4):178-180.
[20]焦星星,桑可正,王凡,等.化学气相沉积铜涂层及其对氧化铝复相陶瓷/铁复合材料界面的影响[J].热加工工艺,2017,46(6):135-139.JIAO Xing-xing,SANG Ke-zheng,WANG Fan,et al.Effects of coating by chemical vapor deposition copper on interface bonding of alumina composite ceramic/iron composite[J].Hot working technology,2017,46(6):135-139.
[21]黎宪宽,陈力,蔡宏中,等.化学气相沉积技术及在难熔金属材料中的应用[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2010,39(S1):438-443.LI Xian-kuan,CHEN Li,CAI Hong-zhong,et al.Chemical vapor deposition technology and its application in refractory metal materials[J].Rare metal materials and engineering,2010,39(S1):438-443.
[22]贾贵西,李言,袁启龙,等.磁控溅射制备Cr7C3多层复合镀层及其耐磨性能[J].中国机械工程,2011,22(3):363-366.JIA Gui-xi,LI Yan,YUAN Qi-long,et al.Preparation and wear resistance performance of Cr7C3 multilayer composite coatings by magnetron sputtering[J].China mechanical engineering,2011,22(3):363-366.
[23]房金铭,冯志海,张中伟.热解碳微观结构调控与纳米压痕测试[J].装备环境工程,2016,13(3):82-87.FANG Jin-ming,FENG Zhi-hai,ZHANG Zhong-wei.Micro-structure control of pyrocarbon and nano indentation test[J].Equipment engineering engineering,2016,13(3):82-87.
[24]李奇,王宪成,蔡志海,等.重型车辆发动机电镀Cr活塞环的摩擦学性能[J].中国表面工程,2013,26(1):91-97.LI Qi,WANG Xian-cheng,CAI Zhi-hai,et al.Tribological property of plated Cr piston ring for heavy vehicle engine[J].China surface engineering,2013,26(1):91-97.