南黄海辐射沙脊群形成演变的动力地貌过程数值模拟
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摘要
江苏沿海辐射沙脊群在国内潮成沙体中较为罕见,有关辐射沙脊形成的动力机制已有定论,但对其形成时间和物质来源说法不一。运用长时间尺度动力地貌过程数学模型复演了辐射沙脊群形成演变过程,结果表明:江苏岸外辐聚辐散的流场不依赖于局部海底地形而独立存在;不同初始地形下只要泥沙供给充足,经过150年左右潮流动力对地形不断塑造,辐射状"水道-沙脊"相间的地貌格局都能基本形成;辐射沙脊群是废黄河北归约150年后,随着废黄河水下三角洲不断被侵蚀,辐聚辐散的潮流对不同来源物质重新塑造的结果,是动力-泥沙-地形相互作用的产物。
The radial sand ridges(RSRs) along the coast of Jiangsu Province are a rare form of tidal sand body. Some inferences have been made on the hydrodynamic mechanisms of radial sand ridges formation;however,opinions on their formation time and sediment origin source differ. In this study,the formation and evolution of radial sand ridges were simulated by a long-time-scale dynamic geomorphological model. The results showed that the convergence and divergence of sand flow field outside the coast of Jiangsu province existed independently without the influence of seabed topography. In different initial topographies,the radial "channel-sand ridge" geomorphological pattern is formed by tidal power in around 150 years as long as there is sufficient sediment supply. Because the abandoned Yellow River flowed northwards 150 years ago,the Yellow River underwater delta continues to be eroded. The radial sand ridges are the result of redistribution of different sediment sources from convergence and divergence flow and are the products of dynamic-sediment-topographic interaction.
The radial sand ridges(RSRs) along the coast of Jiangsu Province are a rare form of tidal sand body. Some inferences have been made on the hydrodynamic mechanisms of radial sand ridges formation;however,opinions on their formation time and sediment origin source differ. In this study,the formation and evolution of radial sand ridges were simulated by a long-time-scale dynamic geomorphological model. The results showed that the convergence and divergence of sand flow field outside the coast of Jiangsu province existed independently without the influence of seabed topography. In different initial topographies,the radial "channel-sand ridge" geomorphological pattern is formed by tidal power in around 150 years as long as there is sufficient sediment supply. Because the abandoned Yellow River flowed northwards 150 years ago,the Yellow River underwater delta continues to be eroded. The radial sand ridges are the result of redistribution of different sediment sources from convergence and divergence flow and are the products of dynamic-sediment-topographic interaction.
引文
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[9] 朱玉荣,常瑞芳.南黄海辐射沙洲成因的潮流数值模拟解释[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1997,27(2):90- 96.(ZHU Y R,CHANG R F.Numerical simulation of the genesis of radiation sands in the South Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Qingdao Ocean University,1997,27(2):90- 96.(in Chinese))
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[11] 王建,闾国年,林珲,等.江苏岸外潮流沙脊群形成的过程与机制[J].南京师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998,21(3):99-112.(WANG J,LYU G N,LIN H,et al.The formation process and mechanism of the outward tide sand clusters in Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),1998,21(3):99-112.(in Chinese))
[12] 陈报章,李从先,业治铮.冰后期长江三角洲北翼沉积及其环境演变[J].海洋学报,1995,17(1):64-75.(CHEN B Z,LI C X,YE Z Z.The deposition of the northern wing of the Yangtze River Delta and its environmental evolution during the post-glacial period[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1995,17(1):64-75.(in Chinese))
[13] LI C X,ZHANG Z Q,FAN D D,et al.Holocene regression and the tidal radial sand ridge system formation in the Jiangsu Coastal Zone,East China [J].Marine Geology,2001,173(1/2/3/4):97-120.
[14] 万延森.江苏辐射沙脊群形成的初步探讨[J].海洋研究,1982,21(2):83-89.(WAN Y S.Preliminary discussion on the formation of radial sandy ridge groups in Jiangsu Province[J].Marine Research,1982,21(2):83-89.(in Chinese))
[15] 周长振,孙家淞.试论苏北岸外浅滩的成因[J].海洋地质研究,1981,1(1):83- 91.(ZHOU C Z,SUN J S.Discussion on the cause of formation of the shoal outside the North Jiangsu Basin[J].Marine Geology Research,1981,1(1):83- 91.(in Chinese))
[16] 傅命佐,朱大奎.江苏岸外海底沙脊群的物质来源[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1986,22(3):536-544.(FU M Z,ZHU D K.Substance sources of sand ridges off the coast of Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Science Edition),1986,22(3):536-544.(in Chinese))
[17] 杨子赓.南黄海陆架晚更新世以来的沉积及环境[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1985,5(4):1-19.(YANG Z G.Sedimentation and environment of the Southern Yellow Sea Shelf Since Late Pleistocene[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,1985,5(4):1-19.(in Chinese))
[18] 陈报章.苏北弶港地区埋藏潮沙体的发现与现代辐射状潮流沙脊群的成因[J].海洋通报,1996,15(5):46-52.(CHEN B Z.Discovery of the tide sand body in the Lugang Area of Northern Jiangsu Province and the cause of the formation of modern radial tide sand clusters[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1996,15(5):46-52.(in Chinese))
[19] 朱玉荣.苏北中部滨海平原成陆机制研究[J].海洋科学,2000,24(12):33-37.(ZHU Y R.Numerical simulation of paleo-tidal current field in the Subei Littoral Plain Area and its verification[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2000,24(12):33-37.(in Chinese))
[20] 杜家笔,汪亚平.南黄海辐射沙脊群地貌演变的模拟研究[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2014,50(5):636- 645.(DU J B,WANG Y P.Evolution simulation of radial sand ridges in the southern Yellow sea[J].Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences),2014,50(5):636- 645.(in Chinese))
[21] LESSEER G R,ROELVINK J A,van KESTER J A T M,et al.Development and validation of a three-dimensional morphological model[J].Coastal Engineering,2004,51:883- 915.
[22] CHEN K F,WANG Y H,LU P D,et al.Effects of coastline changes on tide system of Yellow Sea off Jiangsu Coast,China[J].China Ocean Engineering,2009,23(4):741-750.
[23] ZHENG J H,HOANG Q,XU Y,et al.Behavior-oriented calculation of the annual coastal bathymetry evolution caused by a reclamation work[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,36(11):86- 93.
[24] 陈可锋,王艳红,陆培东,等.苏北废黄河三角洲侵蚀后退过程及其对潮流动力的影响研究[J].海洋学报,2013,35(3):189-196.(CHEN K F,WANG Y H,LU P D,et al.Erosion retreat process and its effect on tidal current dynamics in the waste Yellow River Delta of northern Jiangsu Province[J].The Journal of the Chinese Society of Oceanography,2013,35(3):189-196.(in Chinese))
[25] CHEN K F,ZHENG J H,ZHANG C.The evolution characteristics of main waterways and their control mechanism in the radial sand ridges of the southern Yellow Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,36(3):91- 98.
[26] 刘柄麟,张振克,何华春,等.1973—2016年南黄海辐射沙脊群东沙动态演化分析[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2018,38(2):63-71.(LIU B L,ZHANG Z K,HE H C,et al.Dynamic evolution of Dongsha in the radiative sand ridges of the South Yellow Sea from 1973 to 2016[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2018,38(2):63-71.(in Chinese))
[27] 曹可,李飞,高宁,等.1979年以来南黄海辐射沙洲潮滩脊线时空变化研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(10):1593-1599.(CAO K,LI F,GAO N,et al.Study on temporal and spatial changes of tidal flat ridge lines in radial sands of South Yellow Sea since 1979[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(10):1593-1599.(in Chinese))
[28] 朱玉荣.苏北滨海平原区古潮流场的数值模拟及其验证[J].海洋通报,1998,17(3):1-7.(ZHU Y R.Numerical simulation and verification of palaeocurrent field in the northern Jiangsu Plain[J].Marine Bulletin,1998,17(3):1-7.(in Chinese))
[29] 陈可锋,陆培东,王艳红,等.南黄海辐射沙洲趋势性演变的动力机制分析[J].水科学进展,2010,21(2):267-273.(CHEN K F,LU P D,WANG Y H,et al.Dynamic mechanism analysis of the trend of radiation sands in the South Yellow Sea[J].Advances in Water Science,2010,21(2):267-273.(in Chinese))
[2] 王颖.黄海陆架辐射沙脊群[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.(WANG Y.Radial sand ridges on the Yellow Sea shelf [M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[3] 葛云健,杨桂山,张忍顺,等.江苏沿海辐射沙洲申报世界自然遗产预研究[J].南京师范大学学报 (自然科学版),2009,32(3):125-131.(GE Y J,YANG G S,ZHANG R S,et al.Preliminary study on the application of Radial Sandbars in the Jiangsu coast to the world natural heritage[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Natural Science Edition),2009,32(3):125-131.(in Chinese))
[4] 王颖,朱大奎,周旅复.南黄海辐射沙脊群沉积特点及其演变[J].中国科学:D辑,1998,28(5):385-393.(WANG Y,ZHU D K,ZHOU L F.Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of radial sandbars in South Yellow Sea[J].Science in China:Series D,1998,28(5):385-393.(in Chinese))
[5] 诸裕良,严以新,薛鸿超.南黄海辐射沙洲形成发育水动力机制研究:Ⅰ:潮流运动平面特征[J].中国科学:D辑,1998,28(5):403- 410.(ZHU Y L,YAN Y X,XUE H C.Study on the hydrodynamic mechanism of the formation and development of Radial Sandbars in the South Yellow Sea:I:the plane characteristics of tidal currents[J].Science in China:Series D,1998,28(5):403- 410.(in Chinese))
[6] 宋志尧,严以新,薛鸿超.南黄海辐射沙洲形成发育水动力机制研究:Ⅱ:潮流运动立面特征[J].中国科学:D辑,1998,28(5):411- 417.(SONG Z R,YAN Y X,XUE H C.Hydrodynamic mechanism of the formation of radial sandbars in the South Yellow Sea:II:characteristics of tidal currents[J].Science in China:Series D,1998,28(5):411- 417.(in Chinese))
[7] 张东生,张君伦.潮流塑造-风暴破坏-潮流恢复[J].中国科学:D辑,1998,28(5):394- 402.(ZHANG D S,ZHANG J L.Trend shaping-storm destruction-current recovery[J].Science in China:Series D,1998,28(5):394- 402.(in Chinese))
[8] 夏东兴,刘振夏.潮流脊的形成机制和发育条件[J].海洋学报,1984,6(3):361-367.(XIA D X,LIU Z X.Formation mechanism and development conditions of the current ridge[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1984,6(3):361-367.(in Chinese))
[9] 朱玉荣,常瑞芳.南黄海辐射沙洲成因的潮流数值模拟解释[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1997,27(2):90- 96.(ZHU Y R,CHANG R F.Numerical simulation of the genesis of radiation sands in the South Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Qingdao Ocean University,1997,27(2):90- 96.(in Chinese))
[10] 林珲,闾国年,宋志尧,等.东中国海潮波系统与海岸演变模拟研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(LIN Y,LYU G N,SONG Z R,et al.Simulation of tidal wave system and coast evolution in the East China Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[11] 王建,闾国年,林珲,等.江苏岸外潮流沙脊群形成的过程与机制[J].南京师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998,21(3):99-112.(WANG J,LYU G N,LIN H,et al.The formation process and mechanism of the outward tide sand clusters in Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),1998,21(3):99-112.(in Chinese))
[12] 陈报章,李从先,业治铮.冰后期长江三角洲北翼沉积及其环境演变[J].海洋学报,1995,17(1):64-75.(CHEN B Z,LI C X,YE Z Z.The deposition of the northern wing of the Yangtze River Delta and its environmental evolution during the post-glacial period[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1995,17(1):64-75.(in Chinese))
[13] LI C X,ZHANG Z Q,FAN D D,et al.Holocene regression and the tidal radial sand ridge system formation in the Jiangsu Coastal Zone,East China [J].Marine Geology,2001,173(1/2/3/4):97-120.
[14] 万延森.江苏辐射沙脊群形成的初步探讨[J].海洋研究,1982,21(2):83-89.(WAN Y S.Preliminary discussion on the formation of radial sandy ridge groups in Jiangsu Province[J].Marine Research,1982,21(2):83-89.(in Chinese))
[15] 周长振,孙家淞.试论苏北岸外浅滩的成因[J].海洋地质研究,1981,1(1):83- 91.(ZHOU C Z,SUN J S.Discussion on the cause of formation of the shoal outside the North Jiangsu Basin[J].Marine Geology Research,1981,1(1):83- 91.(in Chinese))
[16] 傅命佐,朱大奎.江苏岸外海底沙脊群的物质来源[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1986,22(3):536-544.(FU M Z,ZHU D K.Substance sources of sand ridges off the coast of Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Science Edition),1986,22(3):536-544.(in Chinese))
[17] 杨子赓.南黄海陆架晚更新世以来的沉积及环境[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1985,5(4):1-19.(YANG Z G.Sedimentation and environment of the Southern Yellow Sea Shelf Since Late Pleistocene[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,1985,5(4):1-19.(in Chinese))
[18] 陈报章.苏北弶港地区埋藏潮沙体的发现与现代辐射状潮流沙脊群的成因[J].海洋通报,1996,15(5):46-52.(CHEN B Z.Discovery of the tide sand body in the Lugang Area of Northern Jiangsu Province and the cause of the formation of modern radial tide sand clusters[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1996,15(5):46-52.(in Chinese))
[19] 朱玉荣.苏北中部滨海平原成陆机制研究[J].海洋科学,2000,24(12):33-37.(ZHU Y R.Numerical simulation of paleo-tidal current field in the Subei Littoral Plain Area and its verification[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2000,24(12):33-37.(in Chinese))
[20] 杜家笔,汪亚平.南黄海辐射沙脊群地貌演变的模拟研究[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2014,50(5):636- 645.(DU J B,WANG Y P.Evolution simulation of radial sand ridges in the southern Yellow sea[J].Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences),2014,50(5):636- 645.(in Chinese))
[21] LESSEER G R,ROELVINK J A,van KESTER J A T M,et al.Development and validation of a three-dimensional morphological model[J].Coastal Engineering,2004,51:883- 915.
[22] CHEN K F,WANG Y H,LU P D,et al.Effects of coastline changes on tide system of Yellow Sea off Jiangsu Coast,China[J].China Ocean Engineering,2009,23(4):741-750.
[23] ZHENG J H,HOANG Q,XU Y,et al.Behavior-oriented calculation of the annual coastal bathymetry evolution caused by a reclamation work[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,36(11):86- 93.
[24] 陈可锋,王艳红,陆培东,等.苏北废黄河三角洲侵蚀后退过程及其对潮流动力的影响研究[J].海洋学报,2013,35(3):189-196.(CHEN K F,WANG Y H,LU P D,et al.Erosion retreat process and its effect on tidal current dynamics in the waste Yellow River Delta of northern Jiangsu Province[J].The Journal of the Chinese Society of Oceanography,2013,35(3):189-196.(in Chinese))
[25] CHEN K F,ZHENG J H,ZHANG C.The evolution characteristics of main waterways and their control mechanism in the radial sand ridges of the southern Yellow Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,36(3):91- 98.
[26] 刘柄麟,张振克,何华春,等.1973—2016年南黄海辐射沙脊群东沙动态演化分析[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2018,38(2):63-71.(LIU B L,ZHANG Z K,HE H C,et al.Dynamic evolution of Dongsha in the radiative sand ridges of the South Yellow Sea from 1973 to 2016[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2018,38(2):63-71.(in Chinese))
[27] 曹可,李飞,高宁,等.1979年以来南黄海辐射沙洲潮滩脊线时空变化研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(10):1593-1599.(CAO K,LI F,GAO N,et al.Study on temporal and spatial changes of tidal flat ridge lines in radial sands of South Yellow Sea since 1979[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(10):1593-1599.(in Chinese))
[28] 朱玉荣.苏北滨海平原区古潮流场的数值模拟及其验证[J].海洋通报,1998,17(3):1-7.(ZHU Y R.Numerical simulation and verification of palaeocurrent field in the northern Jiangsu Plain[J].Marine Bulletin,1998,17(3):1-7.(in Chinese))
[29] 陈可锋,陆培东,王艳红,等.南黄海辐射沙洲趋势性演变的动力机制分析[J].水科学进展,2010,21(2):267-273.(CHEN K F,LU P D,WANG Y H,et al.Dynamic mechanism analysis of the trend of radiation sands in the South Yellow Sea[J].Advances in Water Science,2010,21(2):267-273.(in Chinese))