基于赫—巴模型的微小井眼钻井连续油管内钻井液流阻计算分析
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摘要
微小井眼连续油管(CT)钻井技术具有诸多优点,但微小井眼尺寸小,导致钻井液流动空间小、排量较小、返速较高、循环损失较大,限制了该技术的推广使用。为解决微小井眼CT钻井循环钻井液流阻过大的问题,基于赫—巴模型,结合微小井眼CT钻井的特点,计算了CT内钻井液流阻,探讨了CT内钻井液流阻与钻井液平均流速、CT长度或井深、CT内水眼直径、滚筒直径等参数的关系。研究结果表明:①滚筒上CT内流阻随钻井液流速增大而呈线性增加且增加幅度更大,使用小排量进行钻进能降低滚筒上的流阻;②滚筒上和井筒中CT内钻井液流阻均随CT的长度增加呈线性增加,而随着CT内水眼直径增加呈线性减小,钻深井时,可使用大管径进行钻进;③CT内钻井液流阻受滚筒直径的影响很小,但随钻井液的流速增大呈线性增加,因此当滚筒上缠绕的CT较长时,可使用多个滚筒进行缠绕,以降低滚筒上CT内钻井液流阻。结论认为,寻找控制和减小微小井眼钻井CT内钻井液流阻的方法和优选适合CT钻井的相关参数,有助于加快该技术的推广应用。
The coiled tubing(CT) drilling technology in slim holes with many advantages has been unfortunately restricted due to tight space for fluids flowing, small flow rates, high flowback rates, huge loss in circulation. In order to solve the problem of overly large fluids flow resistance in the CT drilling, we calculated the flow resistance of drilling fluid in CT based upon the Herschel–Buckley Model and the features of this technology, and discussed the relationships between the fluids flow resistance and the other factors such as average flow rates of fluids, CT length(or well depth), CT water-hole diameter, tubing roller diameter, etc. The following findings were achieved.(1) On the tubing roller, CT internal flow resistance increases linearly with the drilling fluids flow rate and drilling fluids with small flow rates will decrease the flow resistance on the roller.(2) Both on the tubing roller and in the wellbore, CT drilling fluid flow resistance increases linearly with CT length but decreases linearly with CT internal water-hole diameter; therefore, large-diameter CTs will be better for drilling deep wells.(3) The tubing roller diameter has little effect on the CT fluids flow resistance, which increases with the fluids flow rate linearly; The CT wound on the roller is long enough to use multiple rollers so as to reduce the flow resistance of fluids in CT. In conclusion, this study provides a reference for controlling and reducing the CT fluids flow resistance and optimizing the relevant parameters, helpful to accelerate the popularization and application of this technology.
The coiled tubing(CT) drilling technology in slim holes with many advantages has been unfortunately restricted due to tight space for fluids flowing, small flow rates, high flowback rates, huge loss in circulation. In order to solve the problem of overly large fluids flow resistance in the CT drilling, we calculated the flow resistance of drilling fluid in CT based upon the Herschel–Buckley Model and the features of this technology, and discussed the relationships between the fluids flow resistance and the other factors such as average flow rates of fluids, CT length(or well depth), CT water-hole diameter, tubing roller diameter, etc. The following findings were achieved.(1) On the tubing roller, CT internal flow resistance increases linearly with the drilling fluids flow rate and drilling fluids with small flow rates will decrease the flow resistance on the roller.(2) Both on the tubing roller and in the wellbore, CT drilling fluid flow resistance increases linearly with CT length but decreases linearly with CT internal water-hole diameter; therefore, large-diameter CTs will be better for drilling deep wells.(3) The tubing roller diameter has little effect on the CT fluids flow resistance, which increases with the fluids flow rate linearly; The CT wound on the roller is long enough to use multiple rollers so as to reduce the flow resistance of fluids in CT. In conclusion, this study provides a reference for controlling and reducing the CT fluids flow resistance and optimizing the relevant parameters, helpful to accelerate the popularization and application of this technology.
引文
[1]Hou Xuejun,He Jia&Sun Tenfei.Analysis of the critical buckling loads and contact loads on coiled tubing string in a vertical microhole[J].Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils,2015,51(3):308-319.
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[10]Hou Xuejun,Gao Deli&Shen Zhonghou.An analysis of the flow resistance in coiled tubing wound around a reel in microhole drilling[J].Computer Modeling in Engineering&Sciences,2012,89(2):97-109.
[11]Hou Xuejun,Zheng Huikai&Gao Longzhu.Analysis of drilling fluid circulating pressure loss in hole annulus for microhole drilling[J].Open Petroleum Engineering Journal,2014,7(1):16-21.
[12]李荣,何世明,唐长书,孟英峰,靳彦华.赫-巴模式水力参数设计与计算[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(2):15-17.Li Rong,He Shiming,Tang Changshu,Meng Yingfeng&Jin Yanhua.Design and calculation of hydraulic parameter of Herschel-Bulkley mode[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2005,27(2):15-17.
[13]李荣,何世明,唐长书,慈建发.赫-巴流体钻头水力参数优化程序设计方法[J].河南石油,2005,19(3):50-53.Li Rong,He Shiming,Tang Changshu&Ci Jianfa.Programming of bit hydraulics optimization with H-B fluid model[J].Henan Petroleum,2005,19(3):50-53.
[14]汪友平,郑秀华,夏柏如,李春宝,李永东.圆管中赫巴流体层流流动规律的研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2008,25(1):27-28.Wang Youping,Zheng Xiuhua,Xia Bairu,Li Chunbao&Li Yongdong.Studies of the laminar flow of Herschel-Bulkley fluids in pipes[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2008,25(1):27-28.
[15]郭小阳,刘崇建,马思平.非牛顿液体流变模式的研究[J].天然气工业,1997,17(4):43-49.Guo Xiaoyang,Liu Chongjian&Ma Siping.Research on non-Newtonian liquid rheological mode[J].Natural Gas Industry,1997,17(4):43-49.
[16]黄占盈.小井眼钻井水力参数设计[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2007.Huang Zhanying.Study on slim-hole drilling hydraulic parameters design[D].Dongying:China University of Petroleum(Huadong),2007.
[17]Rao BN.Friction factors for turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids in coiled tubing[C]//SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing Conference and Exhibition,9-10 April 2002,Houston,Texas,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/74847-MS.
[18]Dean WR&Hurst JM.Note on the motion of fluid in a curved pipe[J].Mathematika,1959,6(1):77-85.
[19]Dean WR&Chapman S.Fluid motion in a curved channel[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A,1928,121(787):402-420.
[20]李慧,黄本生,刘清友.微小井眼钻井技术及应用前景[J].钻采工艺,2008,31(2):42-45.Li Hui,Huang Bensheng&Liu Qingyou.Micro-borehole drilling technology and its application prospect[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2008,31(2):42-45.
[21]杨杰,张颖.国外小井眼钻井技术的发展及启示[J].国外石油机械,1996(增刊1):3-37.Yang Jie&Zhang Ying.Development and enlightenment of micro hole drilling technology abroad[J].Foreign Petroleum Machinery,1996(S1):3-37.
[22]李文魁,陈建军,王云,周广厚,刘岩,曹光强,等.国内外小井眼井钻采技术的发展现状[J].天然气工业,2009,29(9):54-56.Li Wenkui,Chen Jianjun,Wang Yun,Zhou Guanghou,Liu Yan,Cao Guangqiang,et al.The status-quo of slim hole drilling technology in China and the world[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(9):54-56.
[23]陈雅溪,孙莉,熊德智.国外欠平衡连续油管钻井技术[J].钻采工艺,2000,23(4):9-13.Chen Yaxi,Sun Li&Xiong Dezhi.Underbalanced drilling with coiled tubing[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2000,23(4):9-13.
[24]赵章明.连续油管工程技术手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.Zhao Zhangming.Coiled tubing engineering technical manual[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[25]李宗田.连续油管技术手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.Li Zongtian.Coiled tubing technical manual[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[26]董星亮,曹式敬,唐海雄.海洋钻井手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.Dong Xingliang,Cao Shijing&Tang Haixiong.Marine drilling manual[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[27]管锋,马卫国,张锦刚,周博.连续管钻井系统压力损失实验研究[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(4):26-29.Guan Feng,Ma Weiguo,Zhang Jingang&Zhou Bo.An experimental study on pressure loss of coiled tubing drilling system[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2014,37(4):26-29.
[2]Leising LJ&Newman KR.Coiled tubing drilling[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,1993,8(4):227-232.
[3]苏新亮,李根生,沈忠厚,岳春宏.连续油管钻井技术研究与应用进展[J].天然气工业,2008,28(8):55-57.Su Xinliang,Li Gensheng,Shen Zhonghou&Yue Chunhong.Research on coiled tubing drilling technology and its application[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(8):55-57.
[4]Perry K,Batarseh S,Gowelly S&Hayes T.Field demonstration of existing microhole coiled tubing rig(MCTR)technology[R].Gas Technology Institute,2006.
[5]Medjani B&Shah SN.A new approach for predicting frictional pressure losses of Non-Newtonian fluid in coiled tubing[C]//SPERocky Mountain Regional/Low-Permeability Reservoirs Symposium and Exhibition,12-15 March 2000,Denver,Colorado,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/60319-MS.
[6]Willingham JD&Shah SN.Friction pressures of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in straight and reeled coiled tubing[C]//SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing Roundtable,5-6 April 2000,Houston,Texas,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/60719-MS.
[7]Shah SN&Zhou Y.An experimental study of the effects of drilling solids on frictional pressure losses in coiled tubing[C]//SPE Production and Operations Symposium,24-27 March 2001,Oklahoma City,Oklahoma,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/SPE 67191-MS.
[8]Shah S,Zhoi YX,Bailey M&Hernandez J.Correlations to predict frictional pressure loss of hydraulic-fracturing slurry in coiled tubing[J].SPE Production&Operations,2009,24(3):381-395.
[9]Hou Xuejun,Qi Zhilin,Liang Qimin&Sun Tengfei.Comparative analysis of the pressure loss from the circulation of drilling fluid during microhole drilling with the use of coiled tubing[J].Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils,2015,51(4):361-370.
[10]Hou Xuejun,Gao Deli&Shen Zhonghou.An analysis of the flow resistance in coiled tubing wound around a reel in microhole drilling[J].Computer Modeling in Engineering&Sciences,2012,89(2):97-109.
[11]Hou Xuejun,Zheng Huikai&Gao Longzhu.Analysis of drilling fluid circulating pressure loss in hole annulus for microhole drilling[J].Open Petroleum Engineering Journal,2014,7(1):16-21.
[12]李荣,何世明,唐长书,孟英峰,靳彦华.赫-巴模式水力参数设计与计算[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(2):15-17.Li Rong,He Shiming,Tang Changshu,Meng Yingfeng&Jin Yanhua.Design and calculation of hydraulic parameter of Herschel-Bulkley mode[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2005,27(2):15-17.
[13]李荣,何世明,唐长书,慈建发.赫-巴流体钻头水力参数优化程序设计方法[J].河南石油,2005,19(3):50-53.Li Rong,He Shiming,Tang Changshu&Ci Jianfa.Programming of bit hydraulics optimization with H-B fluid model[J].Henan Petroleum,2005,19(3):50-53.
[14]汪友平,郑秀华,夏柏如,李春宝,李永东.圆管中赫巴流体层流流动规律的研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2008,25(1):27-28.Wang Youping,Zheng Xiuhua,Xia Bairu,Li Chunbao&Li Yongdong.Studies of the laminar flow of Herschel-Bulkley fluids in pipes[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2008,25(1):27-28.
[15]郭小阳,刘崇建,马思平.非牛顿液体流变模式的研究[J].天然气工业,1997,17(4):43-49.Guo Xiaoyang,Liu Chongjian&Ma Siping.Research on non-Newtonian liquid rheological mode[J].Natural Gas Industry,1997,17(4):43-49.
[16]黄占盈.小井眼钻井水力参数设计[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2007.Huang Zhanying.Study on slim-hole drilling hydraulic parameters design[D].Dongying:China University of Petroleum(Huadong),2007.
[17]Rao BN.Friction factors for turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids in coiled tubing[C]//SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing Conference and Exhibition,9-10 April 2002,Houston,Texas,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/74847-MS.
[18]Dean WR&Hurst JM.Note on the motion of fluid in a curved pipe[J].Mathematika,1959,6(1):77-85.
[19]Dean WR&Chapman S.Fluid motion in a curved channel[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A,1928,121(787):402-420.
[20]李慧,黄本生,刘清友.微小井眼钻井技术及应用前景[J].钻采工艺,2008,31(2):42-45.Li Hui,Huang Bensheng&Liu Qingyou.Micro-borehole drilling technology and its application prospect[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2008,31(2):42-45.
[21]杨杰,张颖.国外小井眼钻井技术的发展及启示[J].国外石油机械,1996(增刊1):3-37.Yang Jie&Zhang Ying.Development and enlightenment of micro hole drilling technology abroad[J].Foreign Petroleum Machinery,1996(S1):3-37.
[22]李文魁,陈建军,王云,周广厚,刘岩,曹光强,等.国内外小井眼井钻采技术的发展现状[J].天然气工业,2009,29(9):54-56.Li Wenkui,Chen Jianjun,Wang Yun,Zhou Guanghou,Liu Yan,Cao Guangqiang,et al.The status-quo of slim hole drilling technology in China and the world[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(9):54-56.
[23]陈雅溪,孙莉,熊德智.国外欠平衡连续油管钻井技术[J].钻采工艺,2000,23(4):9-13.Chen Yaxi,Sun Li&Xiong Dezhi.Underbalanced drilling with coiled tubing[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2000,23(4):9-13.
[24]赵章明.连续油管工程技术手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.Zhao Zhangming.Coiled tubing engineering technical manual[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[25]李宗田.连续油管技术手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.Li Zongtian.Coiled tubing technical manual[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[26]董星亮,曹式敬,唐海雄.海洋钻井手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.Dong Xingliang,Cao Shijing&Tang Haixiong.Marine drilling manual[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[27]管锋,马卫国,张锦刚,周博.连续管钻井系统压力损失实验研究[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(4):26-29.Guan Feng,Ma Weiguo,Zhang Jingang&Zhou Bo.An experimental study on pressure loss of coiled tubing drilling system[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2014,37(4):26-29.