宁波地区沙门氏菌耐药性监测及毒力基因筛查
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摘要
目前宁波地区沙门氏菌对常用抗生素的耐受情况及主要毒力基因携带率的系统检测尚未见报道。本研究选取2006—2013年间宁波地区分离获得的121株沙门氏菌(共27个血清型),对其进行耐药谱检测,相关耐药基因及毒力基因筛查。结果显示:对12种常见抗生素的耐药率依次是:氨苄西林19.8%,四环素13.2%,强力霉素12.4%,复方新诺明11.6%,氯霉素8.7%,链霉素6.6%,妥布霉素3.3%,头孢曲松2.5%,环丙沙星0.8%,诺氟沙星0%,庆大霉素0%,阿米卡星0%。耐药基因携带率:blaTEM100%,blaPSE29.2%,blaCMY-24.2%,blaCTX8.3%,blaSHV0%,tet A 100%,tet B 100%,tet G 70.8%,tet C 20.8%,sul I 100%,sul II 100%,sul III 80%。毒力基因avr A、ssa Q、gip A、sod C1、mgt C的携带率均达100%,sop E 96.9%,ssi D 93.8%,spo B 93.8%,spv C 21.9%。上述结果表明:宁波地区沙门氏菌耐药情况比较严重,耐药基因与毒力基因携带率较高。本研究为宁波地区沙门氏菌疫情的防控提供数据支持。
121 Salmonella isolates(27 serotypes) obtained from 2006 to 2013 from Ningbo were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and positive rates of major virulence genes. Among these 121 Salmonellae isolates, 19.8% were resistant to ampicillin, followed by tetracycline(13.2%), doxycycline(12.4%), trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole(11.6%),chloramphenicol(8.7%), streptomycin(6.6%), tobramycin(3.3%), ceftriaxone(2.5%), ciprofloxacin(0.8%), norfloxacin(0%), gentamicin(0%) and amikacin(0%). Among 24 strains with resistance to β-lactam antibiotic, the positive rate of the virulence gene blaTEMwas 100%, followed by blaPSE(29.2%), blaCMY-2(4.2%), blaCTX(8.3%) and none of them carried blaSHV(0%). The positive rates of tet A and tet B genes were 100%, followed by tet G(70.8%), tet C(20.8%). All the 15 sulfonamides resistant isolates carried the genes sulI and sulII,and the positive rate of the gene sulIII was 80%. The PCR results of virulence genes showed that all the isolates carried virulence genes avr A, ssa Q, gip A, sod C1 and mgt C, while the positive rates of the gene sop E, spo B, ssi D and spvC were 96.9%, 93.8%, 93.8%and 21.9%, respectively. In summary, our results indicate that there were high positive rates of the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Salmonella isolates from Ningbo, which resulted in their serious antibiotic resistance and harmfulness to human. This study provided the data support for the prevention and control of Salmonella spp. in Ningbo.
121 Salmonella isolates(27 serotypes) obtained from 2006 to 2013 from Ningbo were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and positive rates of major virulence genes. Among these 121 Salmonellae isolates, 19.8% were resistant to ampicillin, followed by tetracycline(13.2%), doxycycline(12.4%), trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole(11.6%),chloramphenicol(8.7%), streptomycin(6.6%), tobramycin(3.3%), ceftriaxone(2.5%), ciprofloxacin(0.8%), norfloxacin(0%), gentamicin(0%) and amikacin(0%). Among 24 strains with resistance to β-lactam antibiotic, the positive rate of the virulence gene blaTEMwas 100%, followed by blaPSE(29.2%), blaCMY-2(4.2%), blaCTX(8.3%) and none of them carried blaSHV(0%). The positive rates of tet A and tet B genes were 100%, followed by tet G(70.8%), tet C(20.8%). All the 15 sulfonamides resistant isolates carried the genes sulI and sulII,and the positive rate of the gene sulIII was 80%. The PCR results of virulence genes showed that all the isolates carried virulence genes avr A, ssa Q, gip A, sod C1 and mgt C, while the positive rates of the gene sop E, spo B, ssi D and spvC were 96.9%, 93.8%, 93.8%and 21.9%, respectively. In summary, our results indicate that there were high positive rates of the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Salmonella isolates from Ningbo, which resulted in their serious antibiotic resistance and harmfulness to human. This study provided the data support for the prevention and control of Salmonella spp. in Ningbo.
引文
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[10]李郁,焦新安,魏建忠,等.屠宰生猪沙门氏菌分离株的血清型和药物感受性分析[J].中国人兽共患病学报, 2008, 24(1):67-70.
[11] NODA T, MURAKAMI K, ETOH Y, et al. Correction:increase in resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Salmonella isolated from retail chicken products in Japan[J]. Plos One, 2015, 10(3):1-18.
[12] vAN HOEK A H A M, MEVIUS D, GUERRA B,et al. Acquired antibiotic resistance genes:an overview[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2012, 3(1):384.
[13] TABAN B M, AYTAC S A, AKKOC N, et al.Characterization of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica isolates determined from ready-to-eat(RTE)salad vegetables[J]. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2013, 44(2):385-391.
[14] ANTUNES P, MACHADO J, SOUSA J C, et al.Dissemination of sulfonamide resistance genes(sul1,sul2 and sul3)in Portuguese Salmonella enterica strains and relation with integrons[J]. Antimicrobial Agents&Chemotherapy, 2005, 49(2):836-839.
[15] KOZAK G K, PEARL D L, PARKMAN J, et al.Distribution of sulfonamide resistance genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from swine and chickens at abattoirs in Ontario and Quebec,Canada[J]. Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2009, 75(18):5999-6001.
[16]赖海梅,刘书亮,邹立扣,等.肉鸡屠宰场多重耐药沙门氏菌Ⅰ类整合子与磺胺类耐药基因(sul1、sul2和sul3)的检测[J].食品科学, 2014, 35(24):178-183.
[17]庄孝飞,周秀娟,许学斌,等. 2008—2012年上海市肠炎沙门氏菌分离株毒力基因筛查与ERIC-PCR分型[J].食品科学, 2015, 36(14):165-170.
[18] MCWHORTER A R, DAVOS D, CHOUSALKAR K K. Pathogenicity of Salmonella strains isolated from egg shells and the layer farm environment in australia[J]. Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2015, 81(1):405-414.
[2] MEZAL E H, STEFANOVA R, KHAN A A. Isolation and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica, serovar Javiana from food, environmental and clinical samples[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2013, 164(1):113-118.
[3] CRUMP J A, MEDALLA F M, JOYCE K W, et al.Antimicrobial resistance among invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates in the United States:National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System,1996 to 2007[J]. Antimicrobial Agents&Chemotherapy, 2011, 55(3):1148-1154.
[4] RAHMANI M, PEIGHAMBARI S M, SVENDSEN C A, et al. Molecular clonality and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enteric serovars enteritidis and infantis from broilers in three Northern regions of Iran[J]. Bmc Veterinary Research, 2013, 9(14):1-9.
[5] ELUMALAI S, MUTHU G, SELVAM R E, et al.Detection of TEM-, SHV-and CTX-M-typeβ-lactamase production among clinical isolates of Salmonella species[J]. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2014,63(7):962-967.
[6] KUANG X, HAO H, DAI M, et al. Serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolated from farm animals in China[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2015, 6:602.
[7]郝宏珊,杨保伟,师俊玲,等.鸡肉源沙门氏菌对喹诺酮和氟喹诺酮类抗生素耐药状况及相关基因[J].微生物学报, 2011, 51(10):1413-1420.
[8] ZHOU X J, HE S K, SONG Q F, et al. phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Salmonella enteric serovar enteritidis isolates associated with a mousse cake-related outbreak of gastroenteritis in Ningbo, China[J]. Food Borne Pathogens and Disease, 2015,12(5):433-440.
[9]杨保伟,曲东,申进玲,等.陕西食源性沙门氏菌耐药及相关基因[J].微生物学报, 2010, 50(6):788-796.
[10]李郁,焦新安,魏建忠,等.屠宰生猪沙门氏菌分离株的血清型和药物感受性分析[J].中国人兽共患病学报, 2008, 24(1):67-70.
[11] NODA T, MURAKAMI K, ETOH Y, et al. Correction:increase in resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Salmonella isolated from retail chicken products in Japan[J]. Plos One, 2015, 10(3):1-18.
[12] vAN HOEK A H A M, MEVIUS D, GUERRA B,et al. Acquired antibiotic resistance genes:an overview[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2012, 3(1):384.
[13] TABAN B M, AYTAC S A, AKKOC N, et al.Characterization of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica isolates determined from ready-to-eat(RTE)salad vegetables[J]. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2013, 44(2):385-391.
[14] ANTUNES P, MACHADO J, SOUSA J C, et al.Dissemination of sulfonamide resistance genes(sul1,sul2 and sul3)in Portuguese Salmonella enterica strains and relation with integrons[J]. Antimicrobial Agents&Chemotherapy, 2005, 49(2):836-839.
[15] KOZAK G K, PEARL D L, PARKMAN J, et al.Distribution of sulfonamide resistance genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from swine and chickens at abattoirs in Ontario and Quebec,Canada[J]. Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2009, 75(18):5999-6001.
[16]赖海梅,刘书亮,邹立扣,等.肉鸡屠宰场多重耐药沙门氏菌Ⅰ类整合子与磺胺类耐药基因(sul1、sul2和sul3)的检测[J].食品科学, 2014, 35(24):178-183.
[17]庄孝飞,周秀娟,许学斌,等. 2008—2012年上海市肠炎沙门氏菌分离株毒力基因筛查与ERIC-PCR分型[J].食品科学, 2015, 36(14):165-170.
[18] MCWHORTER A R, DAVOS D, CHOUSALKAR K K. Pathogenicity of Salmonella strains isolated from egg shells and the layer farm environment in australia[J]. Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2015, 81(1):405-414.