水环境中不同Ca~(2+)浓度对青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)幼鱼生存生长的影响
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摘要
作为典型的盐碱湖泊,青海湖水钙离子浓度仅为同盐度海水的1/10。本试验采用单因子静态急性毒性和室内生长试验方法,研究了不同Ca2+浓度对青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)幼鱼生存和生长的影响,以期了解适宜青海湖裸鲤幼鱼生长的钙离子浓度范围。结果表明:在Ca2+浓度为0~2431.10 mg·L-1(约为同盐度海水值的0~20倍)水体中,96 h内青海湖裸鲤幼鱼100%存活;在为期60 d的生长试验中,高Ca2+浓度组(1246.02±9.83)mg·L-1与低Ca2+浓度组(10.83±0.11)mg·L-1青海湖裸鲤幼鱼存活率均在95%以上,而体长、体重、体长绝对生长率、体重绝对生长率和特定生长率均显著低于对照组(120.65±1.62)mg·L-1(P<0.05),各指标的排列顺序依次为:高Ca2+浓度组<低Ca2+浓度组<对照组,高Ca2+浓度组的特定生长率仅为对照组的54.62%。综上所述,青海湖裸鲤幼鱼可耐受的Ca2+范围较广,但过低或过高的Ca2+浓度均会导致青海湖裸鲤生长缓慢,且高Ca2+浓度抑制效果更为明显。
Lake Qinghai,a typical saline-alkaline water body,has a low calcium concentration,which is only 1 / 10 of the seawater with same salinity. The static acute toxicity test and laboratory growth experiment were conducted to explore the effect of Ca2+concentrations on the survival and growth of juvenile Gymnocypris przewalskii. The results showed that 100% of the juveniles G. przewalskii survived in water of Ca2+concentration from 0 to 2431.10 mg·L-1in 96 h. In the 60 d growth experiment,juveniles G. przewalskii in both the high Ca2+group( the concentration of Ca2+was( 1246.02±9.83) mg·L-1) and low Ca2+group( 10.83±0.11) mg·L-1had a significantly lower body length,body weight,absolute growth rate of body length,and absolute growth rate and specific growth rate of body weight than the control group( with Ca2+concentration of( 120.65±1.62) mg·L-1,although their survival rates were higher than 95%. All the indicators measured were ranked as high Ca2+group < low Ca2+group < control group. The growth index was reduced more obviously in the high Ca2+group and the specific growth rate was only 54.62% of that in the control group. In conclusion,G. przewalskii can survive in water with a wide range of Ca2+concentration,but high or low Ca2+concentration would lead to poor growth performance of G. przewalskii,especially in high Ca2+concentration.
Lake Qinghai,a typical saline-alkaline water body,has a low calcium concentration,which is only 1 / 10 of the seawater with same salinity. The static acute toxicity test and laboratory growth experiment were conducted to explore the effect of Ca2+concentrations on the survival and growth of juvenile Gymnocypris przewalskii. The results showed that 100% of the juveniles G. przewalskii survived in water of Ca2+concentration from 0 to 2431.10 mg·L-1in 96 h. In the 60 d growth experiment,juveniles G. przewalskii in both the high Ca2+group( the concentration of Ca2+was( 1246.02±9.83) mg·L-1) and low Ca2+group( 10.83±0.11) mg·L-1had a significantly lower body length,body weight,absolute growth rate of body length,and absolute growth rate and specific growth rate of body weight than the control group( with Ca2+concentration of( 120.65±1.62) mg·L-1,although their survival rates were higher than 95%. All the indicators measured were ranked as high Ca2+group < low Ca2+group < control group. The growth index was reduced more obviously in the high Ca2+group and the specific growth rate was only 54.62% of that in the control group. In conclusion,G. przewalskii can survive in water with a wide range of Ca2+concentration,but high or low Ca2+concentration would lead to poor growth performance of G. przewalskii,especially in high Ca2+concentration.
引文
陈大庆,熊飞,史建全,等.2011.青海湖裸鲤研究与保护.北京:科学出版社.
房文红,王慧,来琦芳,等.1999.K+、SO2-4和碳酸盐碱度对大银鱼仔鱼存活的影响.海洋渔业,21(2):66-68.
韩贻龙,么宗利,来琦芳,等.2013.水环境中不同浓度K+、Ca2+对大鳞鲃幼鱼存活率、耗氧率和窒息点的影响.生态学杂志,32(4):1023-1029.
侯昭华,徐海,安芷生.2009.青海湖流域水化学主离子特征及控制因素初探.地球与环境,37(1):11-19.
来琦芳,王慧,房文红.2007.水环境中K+、Ca2+对中国明对虾幼虾生存的影响.生态学杂志,26(9):1359-1363.
青海省生物研究所.1974.青海湖地区的鱼类区系和青海湖裸鲤的生物学.北京:科学出版社.
施兆鸿,黄旭雄,姜存年.1995.海水中Ca2+、Mg2+、K+含量对黑鲷胚胎及早期仔鱼发育的影响.海洋科学,(5):33-38.
史建全,祁洪芳.2009.青海湖裸鲤资源增殖放流概述.中国渔业经济,27(5):80-84.
史建全.2008.青海湖裸鲤研究现状与资源保护对策.青海科技,15(5):13-16.
王慧,房文红,来琦芳.2000.水环境中Ca2+、Mg2+对中国对虾生存及生长的影响.中国水产科学,7(1):82-86.
王广军,谢骏,潘德博.2002.海水中Ca2+、Mg2+的含量及Mg2+/Ca2+对日本鳗鲡受精卵孵化率的影响.海洋科学,26(2):69-71.
王茂林,张秀梅,黄国强,等.2010.不同钙、镁浓度对褐牙鲆幼鱼生长及SOD和CAT酶活力的影响.渔业科学进展,31(3):29-36.
杨杰泉,马玉亮,陈洋,等.2011.池养青海湖裸鲤幼鱼生长初步研究.河北渔业,(8):12-14,33.
湛江水产专科学校.1980.海洋饵料生物培养.北京:农业出版社.
张灵燕.2010.钙镁离子浓度及盐度驯化对褐牙鲆幼鱼血浆渗透压的影响及其渗透调节机制的研究(硕士学位论文).山东:中国海洋大学.
周凯,来琦芳,么宗利,等.2007.Ca2+、Mg2+对凡纳滨对虾仔虾生存的影响.海洋科学,31(7):4-7.
Abbink W,Bevelander GS,Rotllant J,et al.2004.Calcium handling in Sparus auratus:Effects of water and dietary calcium levels on mineral composition,cortisol and PTHrPlevels.The Journal of Experimental Biology,207:4077-4084.
Bakthavathsalam R,Padmapriya SS.2007.Effect of calcium application on the yield of carp fishes cultured under third level management in a natural fresh water pond.Environment and Ecology,25:1113-1119.
Boyd CE,Thunjai T.2003.Concentration of major ions in waters of inland shrimp farms in China,Ecuador,Thailand,and the United States.Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,34:524-532.
Curran PF,Gill JR.1962.The effects of calcium on sodium transport by frog skin.The Journal of General Physiology,45:625-641.
Ebel H,Günther T.1980.Magnesium metabolism:A review.Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine,18:257-270.
Eddy FB.1975.The effects of calcium on gill potentials and sodium and chloride fluxes in the goldfish,Carassius auratus.Journal of Comparative Physiology B,96:131-142.
Evans JM,Tietge JE,Pillard DA,et al.2000.Predicting the toxicity of major ions in seawater to mysid shrimp(Mysidopsis bahia),sheepshead minnow(Cyprinodon variegatus),and inland silverside minnow(Menidia beryllina).Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,19:183-191.
Flik G,Rijs JHV,Bonga SEW.1985.Evidence for high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase activity and ATP-driven Ca2+-transport in membrane preparations of the gill epithelium of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus.Journal of Experimental Biology,119:335-347.
Hanssen RGJM,Mayer-Gostan N,Flik G,et al.1993.Stanniocalcin kinetics in freshwater and seawater European eel(Anguilla anguilla).Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,10:491-496.
Kline ER,Stekoll MS.2000.The role of calcium and sodium in toxicity of an effluent to mysid shrimp(Mysidopsis bahia).Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,19:234-241.
Laining A,Ishikawa M,Kyaw K,et al.2011.Dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio influences the efficacy of microbial phytase on growth,mineral digestibility and vertebral mineralization in juvenile tiger puffer,Takifugu rubripes.Aquaculture Nutrition,17:267-277.
Pillard DA,Dufresne DL,Joseph E,et al.1999.Response of mysid shrimp(Mysidopsis bahia),sheepshead minnow(Cyprinodon variegatus),and inland silverside minnow(Menidia beryllina)to changes in artificial seawater salinity.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,18:430-435.
Riccardi D.1999.Cell surface,Ca2+(cation)-sensing receptor(s):One or many?Cell Calcium,26:77-83.
Roy LA,Allen Davis D,Patrick Saoud I,et al.2007.Effects of varying levels of aqueous potassium and magnesium on survival,growth and respiration of the Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,reared in low salinity waters.Aquaculture,262:461-469.
Schoffeniels E.1967.Cellular Aspects of Membrane Permeability.Oxford:Pergamon Press:66-69.
Shephard KL.1981.The Activity and Characteristics of the Ca2+-ATPase of fish gills in relation to environmental calcium concentrations.Journal of Experimental Biology,90:115-121.
Watanabe WO,Kuo CM,Huang MC.1985.The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the tilapias Oreochromis aureus,O.niloticus,and an O.mossambicus×O.niloticus hybrid,spawned and reared in freshwater.Aquaculture,474:353-367.
Wendelaar Bonga SE,Pang PKT.1991.Control of calcium regulating hormones in the vertebrates:Parathyroid hormone,calcitonin,prolactin and stanniocalcin.International Review of Cytology,128:139-213.
Wendelaar Bonga SE,Van der Meij JCA.1981.Effect of ambient osmolarity and calcium on prolactin cell activity and osmotic water permeability of the gills in the teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus.General and Comparative Endocrinology,43:432-442.
Wurtsa WA,Stickneyb RR.1989.Responses of red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus)to calcium and magnesium concentrations in fresh and salt water.Aquaculture,76:21-35.
房文红,王慧,来琦芳,等.1999.K+、SO2-4和碳酸盐碱度对大银鱼仔鱼存活的影响.海洋渔业,21(2):66-68.
韩贻龙,么宗利,来琦芳,等.2013.水环境中不同浓度K+、Ca2+对大鳞鲃幼鱼存活率、耗氧率和窒息点的影响.生态学杂志,32(4):1023-1029.
侯昭华,徐海,安芷生.2009.青海湖流域水化学主离子特征及控制因素初探.地球与环境,37(1):11-19.
来琦芳,王慧,房文红.2007.水环境中K+、Ca2+对中国明对虾幼虾生存的影响.生态学杂志,26(9):1359-1363.
青海省生物研究所.1974.青海湖地区的鱼类区系和青海湖裸鲤的生物学.北京:科学出版社.
施兆鸿,黄旭雄,姜存年.1995.海水中Ca2+、Mg2+、K+含量对黑鲷胚胎及早期仔鱼发育的影响.海洋科学,(5):33-38.
史建全,祁洪芳.2009.青海湖裸鲤资源增殖放流概述.中国渔业经济,27(5):80-84.
史建全.2008.青海湖裸鲤研究现状与资源保护对策.青海科技,15(5):13-16.
王慧,房文红,来琦芳.2000.水环境中Ca2+、Mg2+对中国对虾生存及生长的影响.中国水产科学,7(1):82-86.
王广军,谢骏,潘德博.2002.海水中Ca2+、Mg2+的含量及Mg2+/Ca2+对日本鳗鲡受精卵孵化率的影响.海洋科学,26(2):69-71.
王茂林,张秀梅,黄国强,等.2010.不同钙、镁浓度对褐牙鲆幼鱼生长及SOD和CAT酶活力的影响.渔业科学进展,31(3):29-36.
杨杰泉,马玉亮,陈洋,等.2011.池养青海湖裸鲤幼鱼生长初步研究.河北渔业,(8):12-14,33.
湛江水产专科学校.1980.海洋饵料生物培养.北京:农业出版社.
张灵燕.2010.钙镁离子浓度及盐度驯化对褐牙鲆幼鱼血浆渗透压的影响及其渗透调节机制的研究(硕士学位论文).山东:中国海洋大学.
周凯,来琦芳,么宗利,等.2007.Ca2+、Mg2+对凡纳滨对虾仔虾生存的影响.海洋科学,31(7):4-7.
Abbink W,Bevelander GS,Rotllant J,et al.2004.Calcium handling in Sparus auratus:Effects of water and dietary calcium levels on mineral composition,cortisol and PTHrPlevels.The Journal of Experimental Biology,207:4077-4084.
Bakthavathsalam R,Padmapriya SS.2007.Effect of calcium application on the yield of carp fishes cultured under third level management in a natural fresh water pond.Environment and Ecology,25:1113-1119.
Boyd CE,Thunjai T.2003.Concentration of major ions in waters of inland shrimp farms in China,Ecuador,Thailand,and the United States.Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,34:524-532.
Curran PF,Gill JR.1962.The effects of calcium on sodium transport by frog skin.The Journal of General Physiology,45:625-641.
Ebel H,Günther T.1980.Magnesium metabolism:A review.Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine,18:257-270.
Eddy FB.1975.The effects of calcium on gill potentials and sodium and chloride fluxes in the goldfish,Carassius auratus.Journal of Comparative Physiology B,96:131-142.
Evans JM,Tietge JE,Pillard DA,et al.2000.Predicting the toxicity of major ions in seawater to mysid shrimp(Mysidopsis bahia),sheepshead minnow(Cyprinodon variegatus),and inland silverside minnow(Menidia beryllina).Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,19:183-191.
Flik G,Rijs JHV,Bonga SEW.1985.Evidence for high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase activity and ATP-driven Ca2+-transport in membrane preparations of the gill epithelium of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus.Journal of Experimental Biology,119:335-347.
Hanssen RGJM,Mayer-Gostan N,Flik G,et al.1993.Stanniocalcin kinetics in freshwater and seawater European eel(Anguilla anguilla).Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,10:491-496.
Kline ER,Stekoll MS.2000.The role of calcium and sodium in toxicity of an effluent to mysid shrimp(Mysidopsis bahia).Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,19:234-241.
Laining A,Ishikawa M,Kyaw K,et al.2011.Dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio influences the efficacy of microbial phytase on growth,mineral digestibility and vertebral mineralization in juvenile tiger puffer,Takifugu rubripes.Aquaculture Nutrition,17:267-277.
Pillard DA,Dufresne DL,Joseph E,et al.1999.Response of mysid shrimp(Mysidopsis bahia),sheepshead minnow(Cyprinodon variegatus),and inland silverside minnow(Menidia beryllina)to changes in artificial seawater salinity.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,18:430-435.
Riccardi D.1999.Cell surface,Ca2+(cation)-sensing receptor(s):One or many?Cell Calcium,26:77-83.
Roy LA,Allen Davis D,Patrick Saoud I,et al.2007.Effects of varying levels of aqueous potassium and magnesium on survival,growth and respiration of the Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,reared in low salinity waters.Aquaculture,262:461-469.
Schoffeniels E.1967.Cellular Aspects of Membrane Permeability.Oxford:Pergamon Press:66-69.
Shephard KL.1981.The Activity and Characteristics of the Ca2+-ATPase of fish gills in relation to environmental calcium concentrations.Journal of Experimental Biology,90:115-121.
Watanabe WO,Kuo CM,Huang MC.1985.The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the tilapias Oreochromis aureus,O.niloticus,and an O.mossambicus×O.niloticus hybrid,spawned and reared in freshwater.Aquaculture,474:353-367.
Wendelaar Bonga SE,Pang PKT.1991.Control of calcium regulating hormones in the vertebrates:Parathyroid hormone,calcitonin,prolactin and stanniocalcin.International Review of Cytology,128:139-213.
Wendelaar Bonga SE,Van der Meij JCA.1981.Effect of ambient osmolarity and calcium on prolactin cell activity and osmotic water permeability of the gills in the teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus.General and Comparative Endocrinology,43:432-442.
Wurtsa WA,Stickneyb RR.1989.Responses of red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus)to calcium and magnesium concentrations in fresh and salt water.Aquaculture,76:21-35.