雅砻江硬刺松潘裸鲤的胚胎及仔鱼发育研究
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摘要
研究硬刺松潘裸鲤(Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus)早期生活史阶段的发育规律,为松潘裸鲤的亚种分化研究、规模化人工繁殖和苗种培育提供理论依据。松潘裸鲤亲鱼采自雅砻江支流安宁河流域。雌鱼6~13龄,全长12.1~24.2cm,体重16.1~115.8g;雄鱼3~9龄,全长8.2~14.5cm,体重5.2~23.8g。结果显示,硬刺松潘裸鲤受精卵呈圆形,黄色,卵径(2.82±0.10)mm;水温(16±1)℃下,硬刺松潘裸鲤的胚胎发育历时183h45min,胚胎发育过程分为受精卵、胚盘形成、卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚、器官分化和出膜共8个阶段、31个时期;出膜仔鱼全长(7.82±0.19)mm;出膜10d后,仔鱼的鳃、口、胸鳍、尾鳍、鳔、肠道等功能器官先后形成;出膜13d后卵黄囊消失,全长(14.33±0.51)mm;出膜40d后各鳍基本长成,体型和体色接近成鱼,进入幼鱼阶段。硬刺松潘裸鲤为地区重要的小型经济鱼类,主要分布在雅砻江中游各大干支流中,在形态和生态上形成一系列的适应性,早期发育过程与其栖息的环境同样具有一定的适应性。
Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus is an indigenous cold-water fish inhabiting the Jinsha River.The development of cascaded hydropower stations,overfishing and environment pollution have resulted in sharp declines in wild populations of G.p.firmispinatus.In this paper,we describe and illustrate the embryonic/larval development of G.p.firmispinatus and compare its morphology and early-stage growth characteristics with other Schizothoracinae species.The objective was to provide theoretical evidence for large-scale artificial reproduction and seedling cultivation.Parental stock was collected from Yalong River from July,2015 to February,2016,with the following characteristics:age(female,6-13 yr;male 3-9 yr),total length(female,12.1-24.2 cm;male,8.2-14.5 cm),body weight(female,16.1-115.8 g;male,5.2-23.8 g).The zygotes were obtained by dry fertilization,and the incubation of zygotes and the culture of yolk-sac larvae were conducted under controlled conditions:temperature,(16±1)℃;dissolved oxygen,>7.0 mg/L.At least 30 zygotes and 10 larvae were sampled during the development period and the development sequence and primary morphological characteristics of each stage were recorded.Results show that fertilized eggs were ovate and yellow,with an average diameter of(2.82±0.10)mm.The entire embryonic development period was 183 h45 min at(16±1)℃and the maximum cumulative temperature was 2 889 h℃.The development process consisted of eight stages:egg fertilization,blastoderm formation,cleavage,blastula,gastrula,neurula,organ development and release of newly hatched larvae from the membrane.The average total length of newly hatched larvae was(7.8±0.19)mm.Approximately 10 days after hatching,the gill,mouth,pectoral fin,tail fin,swim bladder,intestinal tract and other organs gradually developed.Yolk-sac absorption was complete after day 13,when the average total length of the larvae reached(14.33±0.5)mm.Forty days after hatching,all fins were formed and body shape and color were similar to adults,indicating that the G.p.firmispinatus hatchlings had developed into juveniles.G.p.firmispinatus is primarily distributed in the stem and tributaries of the middle Yalong River and exhibits a series of morphological and ecological adaptations to its habitat.In this study,we found that the early development of G.p.firmispinatus also presents certain adaptations to the habitat.
Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus is an indigenous cold-water fish inhabiting the Jinsha River.The development of cascaded hydropower stations,overfishing and environment pollution have resulted in sharp declines in wild populations of G.p.firmispinatus.In this paper,we describe and illustrate the embryonic/larval development of G.p.firmispinatus and compare its morphology and early-stage growth characteristics with other Schizothoracinae species.The objective was to provide theoretical evidence for large-scale artificial reproduction and seedling cultivation.Parental stock was collected from Yalong River from July,2015 to February,2016,with the following characteristics:age(female,6-13 yr;male 3-9 yr),total length(female,12.1-24.2 cm;male,8.2-14.5 cm),body weight(female,16.1-115.8 g;male,5.2-23.8 g).The zygotes were obtained by dry fertilization,and the incubation of zygotes and the culture of yolk-sac larvae were conducted under controlled conditions:temperature,(16±1)℃;dissolved oxygen,>7.0 mg/L.At least 30 zygotes and 10 larvae were sampled during the development period and the development sequence and primary morphological characteristics of each stage were recorded.Results show that fertilized eggs were ovate and yellow,with an average diameter of(2.82±0.10)mm.The entire embryonic development period was 183 h45 min at(16±1)℃and the maximum cumulative temperature was 2 889 h℃.The development process consisted of eight stages:egg fertilization,blastoderm formation,cleavage,blastula,gastrula,neurula,organ development and release of newly hatched larvae from the membrane.The average total length of newly hatched larvae was(7.8±0.19)mm.Approximately 10 days after hatching,the gill,mouth,pectoral fin,tail fin,swim bladder,intestinal tract and other organs gradually developed.Yolk-sac absorption was complete after day 13,when the average total length of the larvae reached(14.33±0.5)mm.Forty days after hatching,all fins were formed and body shape and color were similar to adults,indicating that the G.p.firmispinatus hatchlings had developed into juveniles.G.p.firmispinatus is primarily distributed in the stem and tributaries of the middle Yalong River and exhibits a series of morphological and ecological adaptations to its habitat.In this study,we found that the early development of G.p.firmispinatus also presents certain adaptations to the habitat.
引文
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段彪,朱秀和,张明,等,2002.齐口裂腹鱼、松潘裸鲤幼鱼生长率与水温关系的研究[J].四川畜牧兽医学院学报,16(1):15-19.
甘维熊,王红梅,邓龙君,等,2016.雅砻江短须裂腹鱼胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的形态发育[J].动物学杂志,52(2):253-260.
黄宝荣,欧阳志云,郑华,等,2006.生态系统完整性内涵及评价方法研究综述[J].应用生态学报,(11):2196-2202.
乐佩琦,陈毅峰,曹文宣,等,2000.中国动物志硬骨鱼纲鲤形目(下卷)[M].北京:科学出版社:352-367.
冷云,徐伟毅,刘跃天,等,2006.小裂腹鱼胚胎发育的观察[J].水利渔业,26(1):32-33.
任波,任慕莲,郭焱,等,2007.扁吻鱼胚胎及仔鱼发育的形态学观察[J].大连水产学院学报,22(6):397-402.
史建全,祁洪芳,杨建新,等,2000.青海湖裸鲤人工繁殖及鱼苗培育技术的研究[J].淡水渔业,30(2):3-6.
宋昭彬,付自东,谢天明,2004.松潘裸鲤野生仔鱼耳石生长轮研究[C]//四川省动物学会第八次会员代表大会暨第九次学术年会论文集:11.
吴青,王强,蔡礼明,等,2001.松潘裸鲤的胚胎发育和胚后仔鱼发育[J].西南农业大学学报,23(3):276-279.
吴青,王强,蔡礼明,等,2004.齐口裂腹鱼的胚胎发育和仔鱼的发育[J].大连水产学院学报,19(3):218-221.
武云飞,吴翠珍,1991.青藏高原鱼类[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.
许静,谢从新,邵俭,等,2011.雅鲁藏布江尖裸鲤胚胎和仔稚鱼发育研究[J].水生态学杂志,32(2):86-95.
陈永祥,罗泉笙,1997.乌江上游四川裂腹鱼的胚胎发育[J].四川动物,16(4):163-167.
成庆泰,1987.中国鱼类系统检索[M].北京:科学出版社.
段彪,朱秀和,张明,等,2002.齐口裂腹鱼、松潘裸鲤幼鱼生长率与水温关系的研究[J].四川畜牧兽医学院学报,16(1):15-19.
甘维熊,王红梅,邓龙君,等,2016.雅砻江短须裂腹鱼胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的形态发育[J].动物学杂志,52(2):253-260.
黄宝荣,欧阳志云,郑华,等,2006.生态系统完整性内涵及评价方法研究综述[J].应用生态学报,(11):2196-2202.
乐佩琦,陈毅峰,曹文宣,等,2000.中国动物志硬骨鱼纲鲤形目(下卷)[M].北京:科学出版社:352-367.
冷云,徐伟毅,刘跃天,等,2006.小裂腹鱼胚胎发育的观察[J].水利渔业,26(1):32-33.
任波,任慕莲,郭焱,等,2007.扁吻鱼胚胎及仔鱼发育的形态学观察[J].大连水产学院学报,22(6):397-402.
史建全,祁洪芳,杨建新,等,2000.青海湖裸鲤人工繁殖及鱼苗培育技术的研究[J].淡水渔业,30(2):3-6.
宋昭彬,付自东,谢天明,2004.松潘裸鲤野生仔鱼耳石生长轮研究[C]//四川省动物学会第八次会员代表大会暨第九次学术年会论文集:11.
吴青,王强,蔡礼明,等,2001.松潘裸鲤的胚胎发育和胚后仔鱼发育[J].西南农业大学学报,23(3):276-279.
吴青,王强,蔡礼明,等,2004.齐口裂腹鱼的胚胎发育和仔鱼的发育[J].大连水产学院学报,19(3):218-221.
武云飞,吴翠珍,1991.青藏高原鱼类[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.
许静,谢从新,邵俭,等,2011.雅鲁藏布江尖裸鲤胚胎和仔稚鱼发育研究[J].水生态学杂志,32(2):86-95.