高粱体胚发生的组织细胞学观察
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摘要
以Sb33高粱非胚性、胚性愈伤组织和体胚为材料,用传统石蜡切片法对各组织材料进行组织化学染色,对高粱胚性与非胚性愈伤组织以及体胚进行组织细胞学观察。结果表明:高粱非胚性愈伤组织无淀粉粒积累,高粱胚性愈伤组织淀粉粒积累较多,而与胚性愈伤组织相比,高粱体胚淀粉粒积累更多,这说明淀粉粒的积累与高粱体细胞的胚胎发生密切相关。此外,高粱可通过鱼雷胚基部产生球形胚的方式实现体胚的增殖,高粱离体再生途径以体细胞胚发生为主,并同时存在少量器官发生途径。在高粱体细胞胚胎发生中,外起源和内起源同时存在。本研究为高粱体细胞胚胎发生提供细胞学理论基础。
In this study,the non-embryonic callus,embryogenic callus and somatic embryos of Sb33 sorghum as materials were used,and paraffin method was applied for morphological and histological observation of different kinds of materials to study their histopathological differences. The results showed that the sorghum non-embryonic callus has no starch granule accumulation,the sorghum embryogenic callus accumulates more starch granules,while the sorghum somatic embryo starch granules accumulate more than the embryogenic callus. It indicates that the accumulation of starch granules is closely related to the somatic embryogenesis of sorghum. In addition,sorghum globular embryos can be produced at the base of the torpedo embryo,which will achieve the proliferation of somatic embryos. The sorghum in vitro regeneration pathway is dominated by somatic embryogenesis and a small number of organogenesis pathways exist simultaneously. In sorghum somatic embryogenesis,both external and internal origins exist simultaneously. This study provides a theoretical basis of cytology for somatic embryogenesis in sorghum.
In this study,the non-embryonic callus,embryogenic callus and somatic embryos of Sb33 sorghum as materials were used,and paraffin method was applied for morphological and histological observation of different kinds of materials to study their histopathological differences. The results showed that the sorghum non-embryonic callus has no starch granule accumulation,the sorghum embryogenic callus accumulates more starch granules,while the sorghum somatic embryo starch granules accumulate more than the embryogenic callus. It indicates that the accumulation of starch granules is closely related to the somatic embryogenesis of sorghum. In addition,sorghum globular embryos can be produced at the base of the torpedo embryo,which will achieve the proliferation of somatic embryos. The sorghum in vitro regeneration pathway is dominated by somatic embryogenesis and a small number of organogenesis pathways exist simultaneously. In sorghum somatic embryogenesis,both external and internal origins exist simultaneously. This study provides a theoretical basis of cytology for somatic embryogenesis in sorghum.
引文
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[19]Wu J,Wang H C,Luo X,et al.Morphological and histo-logical observation of somatic embryogenesis in Gladiolus hybridus[J].Acta Hortic Sin,2012,39(12):2413-2420吴健,王鸿昌,罗弦,等.唐菖蒲体细胞胚起源、发育的形态与组织细胞学观察[J].园艺学报,2012,39(12):2413-2420.
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[2]Vermerris W,Saballos A,Ejeta G,et al.Molecular breeding to enhance ethanol production from corn and sorghum stover[J].Crop Sci,2007,47(S3):142-153.
[3]Rooney W L,Blumenthal J,Bean B,et al.Designing Sorghum as a dedicated bioenergy feedstock[J].Biofu-els Bioprod Bioref,2007,1(2):147-157.
[4]de Morais Cardoso L,Pinheiro S S,Martino H S D,et al.Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.):nutrients,bioactive compounds,and potential impact on human health[J].Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr,2017,57(2):372-390.
[5]Zhu Y Y,Shi Z X,Yao Y,et al.Antioxidant and anti-cancer activities of proanthocyanidins-rich extracts from three varieties of Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)bran[J].Food Agric Immunol,2017,28(6):1530-1543.
[6]Wang L Q,Yang W,Liu Y,et al.Practice and discus-sion on new Sorghum breeding technology[J].Chin Ag-ric Sci Bull,2016,32(33):75-80.王良群,杨伟,刘勇,等.高粱新技术育种的实践与探讨[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(33):75-80.
[7]Liu G Q,Gilding E K,Godwin I D.A robust tissue culture system for sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Mo-ench][J].S Afr N J Bot,2015,98:157-160.
[8]Belide S,Vanhercke T,Petrie J R,et al.Robust genet-ic transformation of Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)us-ing differentiating embryogenic callus induced from im-mature embryos[J].Plant Methods.2017,13(1):109.
[9]Chen Y,Jin Y F,Sun H S,et al.Optimization of par-affin section preparation for Kentucky bluegrass[J].Ac-ta Agrestia Sin,2017,25(6):1376-1379.陈阳,金一锋,孙华山,等.草地早熟禾的石蜡切片制作技术的优化[J].草地学报,2017,25(6):1376-1379.
[10]Yang J L,Gui Y L,Guo Z C.Studies on cytohistology and starch accumulation during somatic embryogenesis of Picea meyeri Rehd.et Wils[J].Acta Botanica Borea-li-Occidentalia Sinica,1998,18(3):335-338.杨金玲,桂耀林,郭仲琛.白杄体细胞胚胎发生的细胞组织学和淀粉积累动态的研究[J].西北植物学报,1998,18(3):335-338.
[11]Yu W S,Jiang W,Gong X Q,et al.Dynamic changes of starch granules during somatic embryogenesis and de-velopment in Cyclamen persicum[J].Acta Hortic Sin,2013,40(8):1527-1534.于文胜,姜伟,龚雪琴,等.仙客来体细胞胚发生和发育过程中淀粉粒的动态变化[J].园艺学报,2013,40(8):1527-1534.
[12]Wang T D.Studies on origin of secondary somatic em-bryogenesis and detection of somaclonal variation of re-generated plants of Hevea brasiliensis[D].Haikou:Hainan University,2013.王天地.橡胶树次生体胚发生起源及再生植株遗传稳定性的研究[D].海口:海南大学,2013.
[13]Wu B H,Zheng Y L,Luo J M.Secondary somatic em-bryo production from somatic embryo in vitro of bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Southwest China JAgric Sci,2005,18(4):373-377.伍碧华,郑有良,骆建明.小麦组织培养体细胞胚胎的次生胚状体发生研究[J].西南农业学报,2005,18(4):373-377.
[14]Zou J X,Pan D L,Lin W F.Induction of somatic em-bryogenesis and regeneration of secondary embryogenesis of Oil palm[J].Chin J Trop Agric,2016,36(8):26-30.邹积鑫,潘登浪,林位夫.油棕体细胞胚的诱导和次生胚的增殖研究[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(8):26-30.
[15]Li C H,Liu B G,Wang W D,et al.Effects of temper-ature on secondary somatic embryogenesis and plant re-generation in Hovenia dulcis Thunb.[J].Plant Physiol Commun,2007,43(3):453-456.李成浩,刘宝光,王伟达,等.温度对枳椇次生胚发生和植株再生的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2007,43(3):453-456.
[16]Zhang N,Fang W,Shi Y,et al.Somatic embryogene-sis and organogenesis in Dendrocalamus hamiltonii[J].Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult,2010,103(3):325-332.
[17]Fei S Z,Riordan T,Read P.Stepwise decrease of 2,4-D and addition of BA in subculture medium stimulated shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis in buffa-lograss[J].Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture,2002,70(3):275-279.
[18]Ye L J.Studies on cell culture and somatic embryogene-sis in Acacia spp.[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2008.叶玲娟.相思树的细胞培养及体胚发生研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2008.
[19]Wu J,Wang H C,Luo X,et al.Morphological and histo-logical observation of somatic embryogenesis in Gladiolus hybridus[J].Acta Hortic Sin,2012,39(12):2413-2420吴健,王鸿昌,罗弦,等.唐菖蒲体细胞胚起源、发育的形态与组织细胞学观察[J].园艺学报,2012,39(12):2413-2420.
[20]Nie R X.Morphological and histological observation of somatic embryogenesis in the different strains of five cut-flower varieties Lilium[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agri-cultural University,2017.聂茹霞.五种不同品系切花百合体细胞胚发生的组织形态学观察[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[21]Wei D X,Zhang T,Zheng Y Y,et al.Histocytology observation on the somatic embryogenesis in herbaceous peony callus[J].Bull Bot Res,2018,38(1):56-63.魏冬霞,张滕,郑严仪,等.芍药愈伤组织中体细胞胚发育过程的组织细胞学观察[J].植物研究,2018,38(1):56-63.□