2μm波段掺铥倍半氧化物陶瓷激光器研究进展
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摘要
具有低声子能量,高热导率的立方晶系倍半氧化物陶瓷是一种有潜力的铥掺杂激光材料,其常规~3F_4→~3H_6跃迁发射谱线可拓展至2.1μm波段。综述了Tm∶Sc_2O_3、Tm∶Y_2O_3、Tm∶Lu_2O_3陶瓷的光谱参数和激光性能的研究进展,并指出复合结构及混晶型陶瓷是掺铥倍半氧化物陶瓷激光的未来发展方向。
The cubic sesquioxide ceramic with low phonon energy and high thermal conductivity is a kind of promising thulium-doped laser material.Its conventional emission spectral line of ~3F_4 →~3H_6 transition can be extended to the 2.1μm wavelength region.The research progress on the spectral parameters and laser performances of Tm∶Sc_2O_3,Tm∶Y_2O_3,and Tm∶Lu_2O_3 ceramics is reviewed.It is pointed out that the composite structure and the mixed-crystal-type ceramics are the future direction for the development of thulium-doped sesquioxide ceramic lasers.
The cubic sesquioxide ceramic with low phonon energy and high thermal conductivity is a kind of promising thulium-doped laser material.Its conventional emission spectral line of ~3F_4 →~3H_6 transition can be extended to the 2.1μm wavelength region.The research progress on the spectral parameters and laser performances of Tm∶Sc_2O_3,Tm∶Y_2O_3,and Tm∶Lu_2O_3 ceramics is reviewed.It is pointed out that the composite structure and the mixed-crystal-type ceramics are the future direction for the development of thulium-doped sesquioxide ceramic lasers.
引文
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[12]Pirri A,Toci G,Patrizi B,et al.An overview on Yb-doped transparent polycrystalline sesquioxide laser ceramics[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2018,24(5):1602108.
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[22]Koopmann P,Lamrini S,Scholle K,et al.Long wavelength laser operation of Tm…Sc2O3at 2116nm and beyond[C]∥OSA Technical Digest(CD),2011:ATuA5.
[23]Fornasiero L,Berner N,Dicks B,et al.Broadly tunable laser emission from Tm…Y2O3 and Tm:Sc2O3at 2μm[C]∥Advanced Solid State Lasers,1999:WD5.
[24]Gao W L,Ma J,Xie G Q,et al.Highly efficient2μm Tm…YAG ceramic laser[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(6):1076-1078.
[25]Ryabochkina P A,Chabushkin A N,Kopylov Y L,et al.Two-micron lasing in diode-pumped Tm…Y2O3ceramics[J].Quantum Electronics,2016,46(7):597-600.
[26]Wang H,Huang H T,Liu P,et al.Diode-pumped continuous-wave and Q-switched Tm…Y2O3ceramic laser around 2050nm[J].Optical Materials Express,2017,7(2):296-303.
[27]Huang H T Wang H,Shen D Y.VBG-locked continuous-wave and passively Q-switched Tm…Y2O3ceramic laser at 2.1μm[J].Optical Materials Express,2017,7(9):3147-3154.
[28]Wang H,Huang H T,Wang S Q,et al.Nanosecond Tm…Y2O3 ceramic laser passively Q-switched by a Ho…LuAG ceramic[J].Optical Engineering,2018,57(2):026109.
[29]Kuo Y K,Birnbaum M,and Chen W.Ho:YLiF4saturable absorber Q-switch for the 2μm Tm,Cr…Y3Al5O12laser[J].Applied Physics Letters,1994,65(24):3060-3062.
[30]Schellhorn M,Hirth A,Kieleck C.Ho:YAG laser intracavity pumped by a diode-pumped Tm…YLFlaser[J].Optics Letters,2003,28(20):1933-1935.
[31]Yang X F,Huang H T,Shen D Y,et al.2.1μm Ho…LuAG ceramic laser intracavity pumped by a diode-pumped Tm…YAG laser[J].Chinese Optics Letters,2014,12(12):121405.
[32]Chen YF,Lan Y P,Chang H L.Analytical model for design criteria of passively Q-switched lasers[J].IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,2001,37(3):462-468.
[33]Antipov O L,Novikov A A,Zakharov N G,et al.Optical properties and efficient laser oscillation at2066nm of novel Tm…Lu2O3 ceramic[J].Optical Materials Express,2012,2(2):183-189.
[34]Lagatsky A A,Antipov O L,Sibbett W.Broadly tunable femtosecond Tm…Lu2O3 ceramic laser operating around 2070nm[J].Optics Express,2012,20(17):19349-19354.
[35]Saarinen E J,Vasileva E,Antipov O,et al.2μm Tm…Lu2O3ceramic disk laser intracavity-pumped by a semiconductor disk laser[J].Optics Express,2013,21(20):23844-23850.
[36]Antipov O,Novikov A,Larin S,et al.Highly efficient 2μm CW and Q-switched Tm3+…Lu2O3ceramics lasers in-band pumped by a Raman-shifted erbium fiber laser at 1670nm[J].Optics Letters,2016,41(10):2298-2301.
[37]Baylam I,Canbaz F,Sennaroglu A.Dual-wavelength temporal dynamics of a gain-switched 2μm Tm3+…Lu2O3ceramic laser[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2018,24(5):1601208.
[38]Xu X D,Hu Z W,Li D Z,et al.First laser oscillation of diode-pumped Tm3+-doped LuScO3mixed sesquioxide ceramic[J].Optics Express,2017,25(13):15322-15329.
[39]Zhou Z Y,Guan X F,Huang X X,et al.Tm3+-doped LuYO3 mixed sesquioxide ceramic laser:effective 2.05μm source operating in continuouswave and passive Q-switching regimes[J].Optics Letters,2017,42(19):3781-3784.
[40]Jing W,Loiko P,Serres J M,et al.Synthesis,spectroscopy,and efficient laser operation of“mixed”sesquioxide Tm…(Lu,Sc)2O3 transparent ceramics[J].Optics Materials Express,2017,7(11):4192-4202.
[41]Wang Y C,Jing W,Loiko P,et al.Sub-10opticalcycle passively mode-locked Tm:(Lu2/3 Sc1/3)2O3ceramic laser at 2μm[J].Optics Express,2018,26(8):10299-10304.
[42]Hao Z D,Zhang L L,Wang Y P,et al.11 Wcontinuous-wave laser operation at 2.09μm in Tm…Lu1.6Sc0.4O3 mixed sesquioxide ceramics pumped by a796nm laser diode[J].Optics Materials.Express,2018,8(11):3615-3621.
[2]Yao B Q,Shen Y J,Duan X M,et al.A 41 WZnGeP2optical parametric oscillator pumped by aQ-switched Ho…YAG laser[J].Optics Letters,2014,39(23):6589-6591.
[3]Antipov O L,Eranov I D,Frolov M P,et al.2.92μm Cr2+…CdSe single crystal laser pumped by a repetitively pulsed Tm3+…Lu2O3ceramics laser at2.066μm[J].Laser Physics Letters,2015,12(4):045801.
[4]Gao P,Huang J H,Liu H G,et al.Passively Q-switched solid-State Tm…YAG laser with MoS2as saturable absorber[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2018,45(7):0701002.高攀,黄见洪,刘华刚,等.基于可饱和吸收体MoS2的固态Tm…YAG被动调Q激光器[J].中国激光,2018,45(7):0701002.
[5]Ling W J,Xia T,Dong Z,et al.Passively Q-switched mode-locked low threshold Tm,Ho…LiLuF4laser with a graphene oxide saturable absorber[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2018,45(3):0301001.令维军,夏涛,董忠,等.基于氧化石墨烯可饱和吸收体的低阈值被动调Q锁模Tm,Ho…LiLuF4激光器[J].中国激光,2018,45(3):0301001.
[6]Wang J,Huang H Z,Huang J H,et al.784.9nm and 808nm laser diode pumped Tm/Ho bonded lasers[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2018,45(10):1001004.王娟,黄海洲,黄见洪,等.784.9nm和808nm激光二极管抽运Tm/Ho键合激光器[J].中国激光,2018,45(10):1001004.
[7]Koopmann P,Peters R,Petermann K,et al.Crystal growth,spectroscopy,and highly efficient laser operation of thulium-doped Lu2O3around 2μm[J].Applied Physics B,2011,102(1):19-24.
[8]Mun J H,Jouini A,Novoselov A,et al.Growth and characterization of Tm-doped Y2O3 single crystals[J].Optical Materials,2007,29(11):1390-1393.
[9]Koopmann P,Lamrini S,Scholle K,et al.Holmium-doped Lu2O3,Y2O3,and Sc2O3for lasers above 2.1μm[J].Optics Express,2013,21(3):3926-3931.
[10]Peters V,Bolz A,Petermann K,et al.Growth of high-melting sesquioxides by the heat exchanger method[J].Journal of Crystal Growth,2002,237/238/239:879-883.
[11]Pirri A,Toci G,Nikl M,et al.High efficiency laser action of 1%at.Yb3+…Sc2O3 ceramic[J].Optics Express,2012,20(20):22134-22142.
[12]Pirri A,Toci G,Patrizi B,et al.An overview on Yb-doped transparent polycrystalline sesquioxide laser ceramics[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2018,24(5):1602108.
[13]Koopmann P,Lamrini S,Scholle K,et al.Efficient diode-pumped laser operation of Tm:Lu2O3 around2μm[J].Optics Letters,2011,36(6):948-950.
[14]Schmidt A,Koopmann P,Huber G,et al.175fs Tm…Lu2O3laser at 2.07μm mode-locked using singlewalled carbon nanotubes[J].Optics Express,2012,20(5):5313-5318.
[15]Tokurakawa M,Shirakawa A,Ueda K,et al.Diodepumped ultrashort-pulse generation based on Yb3+…Sc2O3 and Yb3+…Y2O3 ceramic multi-gain-media oscillator[J].Optics Express,2009,17(5):3353-3361.
[16]Kahn A,Fabrication andcharacterization of monocrystalline sesquioxide waveguide lasers[D].Hamburg:Universitt Hamburg,2009:15-17.
[17]Sanghera J,Kim W,Villalobos G,et al.Ceramic laser materials[J].Materials,2012,5(12):258-277.
[18]Galina N and Raman K.Laser cooling in Yb3+…YAG[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2014,31(2):340-348.
[19]Caslavsky J L,Viechnicki D J.Melting behaviour and metastability of yttrium aluminium garnet(YAG)and YAlO3determined by optical differential thermal analysis[J].Journal of Materials Science,1980,15(7):1709-1718.
[20]Loiko P,Koopmann P,Mateos X,et al.Highly efficient,compact Tm3+…RE2O3(RE=Y,Lu,Sc)sesquioxide lasers based on thermal guiding[J].IEEEJournal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2018,24(5):1600713.
[21]Zelmon D E,Small D L,Page R.Refractive-index measurements of undoped yttrium aluminum garnet from 0.4to 5.0μm[J].Applied Optics,1998,37(21):4933-4935.
[22]Koopmann P,Lamrini S,Scholle K,et al.Long wavelength laser operation of Tm…Sc2O3at 2116nm and beyond[C]∥OSA Technical Digest(CD),2011:ATuA5.
[23]Fornasiero L,Berner N,Dicks B,et al.Broadly tunable laser emission from Tm…Y2O3 and Tm:Sc2O3at 2μm[C]∥Advanced Solid State Lasers,1999:WD5.
[24]Gao W L,Ma J,Xie G Q,et al.Highly efficient2μm Tm…YAG ceramic laser[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(6):1076-1078.
[25]Ryabochkina P A,Chabushkin A N,Kopylov Y L,et al.Two-micron lasing in diode-pumped Tm…Y2O3ceramics[J].Quantum Electronics,2016,46(7):597-600.
[26]Wang H,Huang H T,Liu P,et al.Diode-pumped continuous-wave and Q-switched Tm…Y2O3ceramic laser around 2050nm[J].Optical Materials Express,2017,7(2):296-303.
[27]Huang H T Wang H,Shen D Y.VBG-locked continuous-wave and passively Q-switched Tm…Y2O3ceramic laser at 2.1μm[J].Optical Materials Express,2017,7(9):3147-3154.
[28]Wang H,Huang H T,Wang S Q,et al.Nanosecond Tm…Y2O3 ceramic laser passively Q-switched by a Ho…LuAG ceramic[J].Optical Engineering,2018,57(2):026109.
[29]Kuo Y K,Birnbaum M,and Chen W.Ho:YLiF4saturable absorber Q-switch for the 2μm Tm,Cr…Y3Al5O12laser[J].Applied Physics Letters,1994,65(24):3060-3062.
[30]Schellhorn M,Hirth A,Kieleck C.Ho:YAG laser intracavity pumped by a diode-pumped Tm…YLFlaser[J].Optics Letters,2003,28(20):1933-1935.
[31]Yang X F,Huang H T,Shen D Y,et al.2.1μm Ho…LuAG ceramic laser intracavity pumped by a diode-pumped Tm…YAG laser[J].Chinese Optics Letters,2014,12(12):121405.
[32]Chen YF,Lan Y P,Chang H L.Analytical model for design criteria of passively Q-switched lasers[J].IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,2001,37(3):462-468.
[33]Antipov O L,Novikov A A,Zakharov N G,et al.Optical properties and efficient laser oscillation at2066nm of novel Tm…Lu2O3 ceramic[J].Optical Materials Express,2012,2(2):183-189.
[34]Lagatsky A A,Antipov O L,Sibbett W.Broadly tunable femtosecond Tm…Lu2O3 ceramic laser operating around 2070nm[J].Optics Express,2012,20(17):19349-19354.
[35]Saarinen E J,Vasileva E,Antipov O,et al.2μm Tm…Lu2O3ceramic disk laser intracavity-pumped by a semiconductor disk laser[J].Optics Express,2013,21(20):23844-23850.
[36]Antipov O,Novikov A,Larin S,et al.Highly efficient 2μm CW and Q-switched Tm3+…Lu2O3ceramics lasers in-band pumped by a Raman-shifted erbium fiber laser at 1670nm[J].Optics Letters,2016,41(10):2298-2301.
[37]Baylam I,Canbaz F,Sennaroglu A.Dual-wavelength temporal dynamics of a gain-switched 2μm Tm3+…Lu2O3ceramic laser[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2018,24(5):1601208.
[38]Xu X D,Hu Z W,Li D Z,et al.First laser oscillation of diode-pumped Tm3+-doped LuScO3mixed sesquioxide ceramic[J].Optics Express,2017,25(13):15322-15329.
[39]Zhou Z Y,Guan X F,Huang X X,et al.Tm3+-doped LuYO3 mixed sesquioxide ceramic laser:effective 2.05μm source operating in continuouswave and passive Q-switching regimes[J].Optics Letters,2017,42(19):3781-3784.
[40]Jing W,Loiko P,Serres J M,et al.Synthesis,spectroscopy,and efficient laser operation of“mixed”sesquioxide Tm…(Lu,Sc)2O3 transparent ceramics[J].Optics Materials Express,2017,7(11):4192-4202.
[41]Wang Y C,Jing W,Loiko P,et al.Sub-10opticalcycle passively mode-locked Tm:(Lu2/3 Sc1/3)2O3ceramic laser at 2μm[J].Optics Express,2018,26(8):10299-10304.
[42]Hao Z D,Zhang L L,Wang Y P,et al.11 Wcontinuous-wave laser operation at 2.09μm in Tm…Lu1.6Sc0.4O3 mixed sesquioxide ceramics pumped by a796nm laser diode[J].Optics Materials.Express,2018,8(11):3615-3621.