Hepatocellular carcinoma-time to take the ticket
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摘要
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading malignancies worldwide. Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and its management in the form of liver transplantation offers an attractive treatment option. The Milan criteria, proposed by Mazzaferro et al, have been the standard for selecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for transplantation. Recently, several studies have shown that even patients selected outside the Milan criteria can undergo transplantation with a relatively good outcome. This article examines the currently existing criteria other than the Milan criteria and also evaluates use of alpha-fetoprotein and positron emission tomography scans to predict the chance of recurrence.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading malignancies worldwide. Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and its management in the form of liver transplantation offers an attractive treatment option. The Milan criteria, proposed by Mazzaferro et al, have been the standard for selecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for transplantation. Recently, several studies have shown that even patients selected outside the Milan criteria can undergo transplantation with a relatively good outcome. This article examines the currently existing criteria other than the Milan criteria and also evaluates use of alpha-fetoprotein and positron emission tomography scans to predict the chance of recurrence.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading malignancies worldwide. Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and its management in the form of liver transplantation offers an attractive treatment option. The Milan criteria, proposed by Mazzaferro et al, have been the standard for selecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for transplantation. Recently, several studies have shown that even patients selected outside the Milan criteria can undergo transplantation with a relatively good outcome. This article examines the currently existing criteria other than the Milan criteria and also evaluates use of alpha-fetoprotein and positron emission tomography scans to predict the chance of recurrence.
引文
1 Rossi L,Zoratto F,Papa A,Iodice F,Minozzi M,Frati L,Tomao S.Current approach in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010;2:348-359[PMID:21160806 DOI:10.4251/wjgo.v2.i9.348]
2 Mazzaferro V,Regalia E,Doci R,Andreola S,Pulvirenti A,Bozzetti F,Montalto F,Ammatuna M,Morabito A,Gennari L.Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis.N Engl J Med 1996;334:693-699[PMID:8594428 DOI:10.1056/NEJM199603143341104]
3 Jonas S,Bechstein WO,Steinmüller T,Herrmann M,Radke C,Berg T,Settmacher U,Neuhaus P.Vascular invasion and histopathologic grading determine outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis.Hepatology 2001;33:1080-1086[PMID:11343235 DOI:10.1053/jhep.2001.23561]
4 Majno P,Giostra E,Mentha G.Management of hepatocellular carcinoma on the waiting list before liver transplantation:time for controlled trials?Liver Transpl 2007;13:S27-S35[PMID:17969086 DOI:10.1002/lt.21328]
5 Graziadei IW,Sandmueller H,Waldenberger P,Koenigsrainer A,Nachbaur K,Jaschke W,Margreiter R,Vogel W.Chemoembolization followed by liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma impedes tumor progression while on the waiting list and leads to excellent outcome.Liver Transpl 2003;9:557-563[PMID:12783395 DOI:10.1053/jlts.2003.50106]
6 Yao FY,Mehta N,Flemming J,Dodge J,Hameed B,Fix O,Hirose R,Fidelman N,Kerlan RK,Roberts JP.Downstaging of hepatocellular cancer before liver transplant:long-term outcome compared to tumors within Milan criteria.Hepatology 2015;61:1968-1977[PMID:25689978 DOI:10.1002/hep.27752]
7 Lei J,Wang W,Yan L.Downstaging advanced hepatocellular carcinoma to the Milan criteria may provide a comparable outcome to conventional Milan criteria.J Gastrointest Surg 2013;17:1440-1446[PMID:23719776 DOI:10.1007/s11605-013-2229-y]
8 Heimbach JK,Kulik LM,Finn RS,Sirlin CB,Abecassis MM,Roberts LR,Zhu AX,Murad MH,Marrero JA.AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatology 2018;67:358-380[PMID:28130846 DOI:10.1002/hep.29086]
9 Jacob R,Saddekni S,Dover L,DuBay DA.Successful hepatocellular carcinoma downstaging with transarterial chemoembolization followed by stereotactic radiotherapy.Liver Transpl 2016;22:547-551[PMID:26785388 DOI:10.1002/lt.24398]
10 Geschwind JF,Gholam PM,Goldenberg A,Mantry P,Martin RC,Piperdi B,Zigmont E,Imperial J,Babajanyan S,Foreman PK,Cohn A.Use of Transarterial Chemoembolization(TACE)and Sorafenib in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma:US Regional Analysis of the GIDEON Registry.Liver Cancer 2016;5:37-46[PMID:26989658 DOI:10.1159/000367757]
11 Chung YH,Han G,Yoon JH,Yang J,Wang J,Shao GL,Kim BI,Lee TY,Chao Y.Interim analysis of START:Study in Asia of the combination of TACE(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization)with sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma trial.Int J Cancer 2013;132:2448-2458[PMID:23129123 DOI:10.1002/ijc.27925]
12 Lencioni R,Llovet JM,Han G,Tak WY,Yang J,Guglielmi A,Paik SW,Reig M,Kim DY,Chau GY,Luca A,Del Arbol LR,Leberre MA,Niu W,Nicholson K,Meinhardt G,Bruix J.Sorafenib or placebo plus TACE with doxorubicin-eluting beads for intermediate stage HCC:The SPACE trial.J Hepatol 2016;64:1090-1098[PMID:26809111 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.012]
13 Ren B,Wang W,Shen J,Li W,Ni C,Zhu X.Transarterial Chemoembolization(TACE)Combined with SorafenibversusTACE Alone for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma:A Propensity Score Matching Study.J Cancer 2019;10:1189-1196[PMID:30854128 DOI:10.7150/jca.28994]
14 Mazzaferro V,Llovet JM,Miceli R,Bhoori S,Schiavo M,Mariani L,Camerini T,Roayaie S,Schwartz ME,Grazi GL,Adam R,Neuhaus P,Salizzoni M,Bruix J,Forner A,De Carlis L,Cillo U,Burroughs AK,Troisi R,Rossi M,Gerunda GE,Lerut J,Belghiti J,Boin I,Gugenheim J,Rochling F,Van Hoek B,Majno P;Metroticket Investigator Study Group.Predicting survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria:a retrospective,exploratory analysis.Lancet Oncol2009;10:35-43[PMID:19058754 DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70284-5]
15 Yao FY.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:beyond the Milan criteria.Am J Transplant2008;8:1982-1989[PMID:18727702 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02351.x]
16 Yan WT,Quan B,Xing H,Wu MC,Yang T.Time to recurrence,but not recurrence-free survival,should be the endpoint used to predict early recurrence after HCC resection.J Hepatol 2019;70:570-571[PMID:30553526 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.025]
17 Toso C,Asthana S,Bigam DL,Shapiro AM,Kneteman NM.Reassessing selection criteria prior to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma utilizing the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database.Hepatology 2009;49:832-838[PMID:19152426 DOI:10.1002/hep.22693]
18 Ito T,Takada Y,Ueda M,Haga H,Maetani Y,Oike F,Ogawa K,Sakamoto S,Ogura Y,Egawa H,Tanaka K,Uemoto S.Expansion of selection criteria for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in living donor liver transplantation.Liver Transpl 2007;13:1637-1644[PMID:18044766 DOI:10.1002/lt.21281]
19 Kim DY,Paik YH,Ahn SH,Youn YJ,Choi JW,Kim JK,Lee KS,Chon CY,Han KH.PIVKA-II is a useful tumor marker for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection.Oncology 2007;72Suppl 1:52-57[PMID:18087182 DOI:10.1159/000111707]
20 Cho KJ,Choi NK,Shin MH,Chong AR.Clinical usefulness of FDG-PET in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing surgical resection.Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2017;21:194-198[PMID:29264581 DOI:10.14701/ahbps.2017.21.4.194]
21 Okazumi S,Isono K,Enomoto K,Kikuchi T,Ozaki M,Yamamoto H,Hayashi H,Asano T,Ryu M.Evaluation of liver tumors using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET:characterization of tumor and assessment of effect of treatment.J Nucl Med 1992;33:333-339[PMID:1311035]
22 Cascales-Campos PA,Romero PR,Schneider MA,Lopez-Lopez V,Navarro JL,Frutos L,Pons Mi?ano JA,Paricio PP.Positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing liver transplantation.Useful,necessary or irrelevant?Eur J Radiol 2017;91:155-159[PMID:28629563 DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.03.013]
23 Lee JW,Paeng JC,Kang KW,Kwon HW,Suh KS,Chung JK,Lee MC,Lee DS.Prediction of tumor recurrence by 18F-FDG PET in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.J Nucl Med 2009;50:682-687[PMID:19372474 DOI:10.2967/jnumed.108.060574]
24 Song MJ,Bae SH,Yoo IeR,Park CH,Jang JW,Chun HJ,Choi BG,Lee HG,Choi JY,Yoon SK.Predictive value of1F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT for transarterial chemolipiodolization of hepatocellular carcinoma.World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:3215-3222[PMID:22783045 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v18.i25.3215]
25 Llovet JM,Schwartz M,Mazzaferro V.Resection and liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Semin Liver Dis 2005;25:181-200[PMID:15918147 DOI:10.1055/s-2005-871198]
26 Krishna M,Mullath A.Role of lncRNAs in GI Cancer.J Cancer Therapy 2018;9:281-298[DOI:10.4236/jct.2018.93026]
27 Yao FY,Ferrell L,Bass NM,Watson JJ,Bacchetti P,Venook A,Ascher NL,Roberts JP.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival.Hepatology 2001;33:1394-1403[PMID:11391528 DOI:10.1053/jhep.2001.24563]
28 Lee SG,Hwang S,Moon DB,Ahn CS,Kim KH,Sung KB,Ko GY,Park KM,Ha TY,Song GW.Expanded indication criteria of living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma at one largevolume center.Liver Transpl 2008;14:935-945[PMID:18581465 DOI:10.1002/lt.21445]
29 Silva M,Moya A,Berenguer M,Sanjuan F,López-Andujar R,Pareja E,Torres-Quevedo R,Aguilera V,Montalva E,De Juan M,Mattos A,Prieto M,Mir J.Expanded criteria for liver transplantation in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2008;14:1449-1460[PMID:18825681 DOI:10.1002/lt.21576]
30 Herrero JI,Sangro B,Quiroga J,Pardo F,Herraiz M,Cienfuegos JA,Prieto J.Influence of tumor characteristics on the outcome of liver transplantation among patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2001;7:631-636[PMID:11460231 DOI:10.1053/jlts.2001.25458]
31 Roayaie S,Frischer JS,Emre SH,Fishbein TM,Sheiner PA,Sung M,Miller CM,Schwartz ME.Longterm results with multimodal adjuvant therapy and liver transplantation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas larger than 5 centimeters.Ann Surg 2002;235:533-539[PMID:11923610 DOI:10.1097/00000658-200204000-00012]
32 Kneteman NM,Oberholzer J,Al Saghier M,Meeberg GA,Blitz M,Ma MM,Wong WW,Gutfreund K,Mason AL,Jewell LD,Shapiro AM,Bain VG,Bigam DL.Sirolimus-based immunosuppression for liver transplantation in the presence of extended criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2004;10:1301-1311[PMID:15376305 DOI:10.1002/lt.20237]
33 Onaca N,Davis GL,Goldstein RM,Jennings LW,Klintmalm GB.Expanded criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:a report from the International Registry of Hepatic Tumors in Liver Transplantation.Liver Transpl 2007;13:391-399[PMID:17318865 DOI:10.1002/lt.21095]
34 Sugawara Y,Tamura S,Makuuchi M.Living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:Tokyo University series.Dig Dis 2007;25:310-312[PMID:17960065 DOI:10.1159/000106910]
35 Fan J,Yang GS,Fu ZR,Peng ZH,Xia Q,Peng CH,Qian JM,Zhou J,Xu Y,Qiu SJ,Zhong L,Zhou GW,Zhang JJ.Liver transplantation outcomes in 1,078 hepatocellular carcinoma patients:a multi-center experience in Shanghai,China.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009;135:1403-1412[PMID:19381688 DOI:10.1007/s00432-009-0584-6]
36 Lai Q,Avolio AW,Manzia TM,Sorge R,Agnes S,Tisone G,Berloco PB,Rossi M.Combination of biological and morphological parameters for the selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma waiting for liver transplantation.Clin Transplant 2012;26:E125-E131[PMID:22192083 DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01572.x]
37 Gr?t M,Kornasiewicz O,Lewandowski Z,Ho?ówko W,Gr?t K,KobryńK,Patkowski W,Zieniewicz K,Krawczyk M.Combination of morphologic criteria andα-fetoprotein in selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation minimizes the problem of posttransplant tumor recurrence.World J Surg 2014;38:2698-2707[PMID:24858191 DOI:10.1007/s00268-014-2647-3]
38 Lee SD,Lee B,Kim SH,Joo J,Kim SK,Kim YK,Park SJ.Proposal of new expanded selection criteria using total tumor size and(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography for living donor liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:The National Cancer Center Korea criteria.World J Transplant 2016;6:411-422[PMID:27358787 DOI:10.5500/wjt.v6.i2.411]
39 Soejima Y,Taketomi A,Yoshizumi T,Uchiyama H,Aishima S,Terashi T,Shimada M,Maehara Y.Extended indication for living donor liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Transplantation 2007;83:893-899[PMID:17460559 DOI:10.1097/01.tp.0000259015.46798.ec]
40 Sapisochin G,Goldaracena N,Laurence JM,Dib M,Barbas A,Ghanekar A,Cleary SP,Lilly L,Cattral MS,Marquez M,Selzner M,Renner E,Selzner N,McGilvray ID,Greig PD,Grant DR.The extended Toronto criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:A prospective validation study.Hepatology 2016;64:2077-2088[PMID:27178646 DOI:10.1002/hep.28643]
2 Mazzaferro V,Regalia E,Doci R,Andreola S,Pulvirenti A,Bozzetti F,Montalto F,Ammatuna M,Morabito A,Gennari L.Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis.N Engl J Med 1996;334:693-699[PMID:8594428 DOI:10.1056/NEJM199603143341104]
3 Jonas S,Bechstein WO,Steinmüller T,Herrmann M,Radke C,Berg T,Settmacher U,Neuhaus P.Vascular invasion and histopathologic grading determine outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis.Hepatology 2001;33:1080-1086[PMID:11343235 DOI:10.1053/jhep.2001.23561]
4 Majno P,Giostra E,Mentha G.Management of hepatocellular carcinoma on the waiting list before liver transplantation:time for controlled trials?Liver Transpl 2007;13:S27-S35[PMID:17969086 DOI:10.1002/lt.21328]
5 Graziadei IW,Sandmueller H,Waldenberger P,Koenigsrainer A,Nachbaur K,Jaschke W,Margreiter R,Vogel W.Chemoembolization followed by liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma impedes tumor progression while on the waiting list and leads to excellent outcome.Liver Transpl 2003;9:557-563[PMID:12783395 DOI:10.1053/jlts.2003.50106]
6 Yao FY,Mehta N,Flemming J,Dodge J,Hameed B,Fix O,Hirose R,Fidelman N,Kerlan RK,Roberts JP.Downstaging of hepatocellular cancer before liver transplant:long-term outcome compared to tumors within Milan criteria.Hepatology 2015;61:1968-1977[PMID:25689978 DOI:10.1002/hep.27752]
7 Lei J,Wang W,Yan L.Downstaging advanced hepatocellular carcinoma to the Milan criteria may provide a comparable outcome to conventional Milan criteria.J Gastrointest Surg 2013;17:1440-1446[PMID:23719776 DOI:10.1007/s11605-013-2229-y]
8 Heimbach JK,Kulik LM,Finn RS,Sirlin CB,Abecassis MM,Roberts LR,Zhu AX,Murad MH,Marrero JA.AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatology 2018;67:358-380[PMID:28130846 DOI:10.1002/hep.29086]
9 Jacob R,Saddekni S,Dover L,DuBay DA.Successful hepatocellular carcinoma downstaging with transarterial chemoembolization followed by stereotactic radiotherapy.Liver Transpl 2016;22:547-551[PMID:26785388 DOI:10.1002/lt.24398]
10 Geschwind JF,Gholam PM,Goldenberg A,Mantry P,Martin RC,Piperdi B,Zigmont E,Imperial J,Babajanyan S,Foreman PK,Cohn A.Use of Transarterial Chemoembolization(TACE)and Sorafenib in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma:US Regional Analysis of the GIDEON Registry.Liver Cancer 2016;5:37-46[PMID:26989658 DOI:10.1159/000367757]
11 Chung YH,Han G,Yoon JH,Yang J,Wang J,Shao GL,Kim BI,Lee TY,Chao Y.Interim analysis of START:Study in Asia of the combination of TACE(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization)with sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma trial.Int J Cancer 2013;132:2448-2458[PMID:23129123 DOI:10.1002/ijc.27925]
12 Lencioni R,Llovet JM,Han G,Tak WY,Yang J,Guglielmi A,Paik SW,Reig M,Kim DY,Chau GY,Luca A,Del Arbol LR,Leberre MA,Niu W,Nicholson K,Meinhardt G,Bruix J.Sorafenib or placebo plus TACE with doxorubicin-eluting beads for intermediate stage HCC:The SPACE trial.J Hepatol 2016;64:1090-1098[PMID:26809111 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.012]
13 Ren B,Wang W,Shen J,Li W,Ni C,Zhu X.Transarterial Chemoembolization(TACE)Combined with SorafenibversusTACE Alone for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma:A Propensity Score Matching Study.J Cancer 2019;10:1189-1196[PMID:30854128 DOI:10.7150/jca.28994]
14 Mazzaferro V,Llovet JM,Miceli R,Bhoori S,Schiavo M,Mariani L,Camerini T,Roayaie S,Schwartz ME,Grazi GL,Adam R,Neuhaus P,Salizzoni M,Bruix J,Forner A,De Carlis L,Cillo U,Burroughs AK,Troisi R,Rossi M,Gerunda GE,Lerut J,Belghiti J,Boin I,Gugenheim J,Rochling F,Van Hoek B,Majno P;Metroticket Investigator Study Group.Predicting survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria:a retrospective,exploratory analysis.Lancet Oncol2009;10:35-43[PMID:19058754 DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70284-5]
15 Yao FY.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:beyond the Milan criteria.Am J Transplant2008;8:1982-1989[PMID:18727702 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02351.x]
16 Yan WT,Quan B,Xing H,Wu MC,Yang T.Time to recurrence,but not recurrence-free survival,should be the endpoint used to predict early recurrence after HCC resection.J Hepatol 2019;70:570-571[PMID:30553526 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.025]
17 Toso C,Asthana S,Bigam DL,Shapiro AM,Kneteman NM.Reassessing selection criteria prior to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma utilizing the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database.Hepatology 2009;49:832-838[PMID:19152426 DOI:10.1002/hep.22693]
18 Ito T,Takada Y,Ueda M,Haga H,Maetani Y,Oike F,Ogawa K,Sakamoto S,Ogura Y,Egawa H,Tanaka K,Uemoto S.Expansion of selection criteria for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in living donor liver transplantation.Liver Transpl 2007;13:1637-1644[PMID:18044766 DOI:10.1002/lt.21281]
19 Kim DY,Paik YH,Ahn SH,Youn YJ,Choi JW,Kim JK,Lee KS,Chon CY,Han KH.PIVKA-II is a useful tumor marker for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection.Oncology 2007;72Suppl 1:52-57[PMID:18087182 DOI:10.1159/000111707]
20 Cho KJ,Choi NK,Shin MH,Chong AR.Clinical usefulness of FDG-PET in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing surgical resection.Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2017;21:194-198[PMID:29264581 DOI:10.14701/ahbps.2017.21.4.194]
21 Okazumi S,Isono K,Enomoto K,Kikuchi T,Ozaki M,Yamamoto H,Hayashi H,Asano T,Ryu M.Evaluation of liver tumors using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET:characterization of tumor and assessment of effect of treatment.J Nucl Med 1992;33:333-339[PMID:1311035]
22 Cascales-Campos PA,Romero PR,Schneider MA,Lopez-Lopez V,Navarro JL,Frutos L,Pons Mi?ano JA,Paricio PP.Positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing liver transplantation.Useful,necessary or irrelevant?Eur J Radiol 2017;91:155-159[PMID:28629563 DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.03.013]
23 Lee JW,Paeng JC,Kang KW,Kwon HW,Suh KS,Chung JK,Lee MC,Lee DS.Prediction of tumor recurrence by 18F-FDG PET in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.J Nucl Med 2009;50:682-687[PMID:19372474 DOI:10.2967/jnumed.108.060574]
24 Song MJ,Bae SH,Yoo IeR,Park CH,Jang JW,Chun HJ,Choi BG,Lee HG,Choi JY,Yoon SK.Predictive value of1F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT for transarterial chemolipiodolization of hepatocellular carcinoma.World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:3215-3222[PMID:22783045 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v18.i25.3215]
25 Llovet JM,Schwartz M,Mazzaferro V.Resection and liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Semin Liver Dis 2005;25:181-200[PMID:15918147 DOI:10.1055/s-2005-871198]
26 Krishna M,Mullath A.Role of lncRNAs in GI Cancer.J Cancer Therapy 2018;9:281-298[DOI:10.4236/jct.2018.93026]
27 Yao FY,Ferrell L,Bass NM,Watson JJ,Bacchetti P,Venook A,Ascher NL,Roberts JP.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival.Hepatology 2001;33:1394-1403[PMID:11391528 DOI:10.1053/jhep.2001.24563]
28 Lee SG,Hwang S,Moon DB,Ahn CS,Kim KH,Sung KB,Ko GY,Park KM,Ha TY,Song GW.Expanded indication criteria of living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma at one largevolume center.Liver Transpl 2008;14:935-945[PMID:18581465 DOI:10.1002/lt.21445]
29 Silva M,Moya A,Berenguer M,Sanjuan F,López-Andujar R,Pareja E,Torres-Quevedo R,Aguilera V,Montalva E,De Juan M,Mattos A,Prieto M,Mir J.Expanded criteria for liver transplantation in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2008;14:1449-1460[PMID:18825681 DOI:10.1002/lt.21576]
30 Herrero JI,Sangro B,Quiroga J,Pardo F,Herraiz M,Cienfuegos JA,Prieto J.Influence of tumor characteristics on the outcome of liver transplantation among patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2001;7:631-636[PMID:11460231 DOI:10.1053/jlts.2001.25458]
31 Roayaie S,Frischer JS,Emre SH,Fishbein TM,Sheiner PA,Sung M,Miller CM,Schwartz ME.Longterm results with multimodal adjuvant therapy and liver transplantation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas larger than 5 centimeters.Ann Surg 2002;235:533-539[PMID:11923610 DOI:10.1097/00000658-200204000-00012]
32 Kneteman NM,Oberholzer J,Al Saghier M,Meeberg GA,Blitz M,Ma MM,Wong WW,Gutfreund K,Mason AL,Jewell LD,Shapiro AM,Bain VG,Bigam DL.Sirolimus-based immunosuppression for liver transplantation in the presence of extended criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2004;10:1301-1311[PMID:15376305 DOI:10.1002/lt.20237]
33 Onaca N,Davis GL,Goldstein RM,Jennings LW,Klintmalm GB.Expanded criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:a report from the International Registry of Hepatic Tumors in Liver Transplantation.Liver Transpl 2007;13:391-399[PMID:17318865 DOI:10.1002/lt.21095]
34 Sugawara Y,Tamura S,Makuuchi M.Living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:Tokyo University series.Dig Dis 2007;25:310-312[PMID:17960065 DOI:10.1159/000106910]
35 Fan J,Yang GS,Fu ZR,Peng ZH,Xia Q,Peng CH,Qian JM,Zhou J,Xu Y,Qiu SJ,Zhong L,Zhou GW,Zhang JJ.Liver transplantation outcomes in 1,078 hepatocellular carcinoma patients:a multi-center experience in Shanghai,China.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009;135:1403-1412[PMID:19381688 DOI:10.1007/s00432-009-0584-6]
36 Lai Q,Avolio AW,Manzia TM,Sorge R,Agnes S,Tisone G,Berloco PB,Rossi M.Combination of biological and morphological parameters for the selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma waiting for liver transplantation.Clin Transplant 2012;26:E125-E131[PMID:22192083 DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01572.x]
37 Gr?t M,Kornasiewicz O,Lewandowski Z,Ho?ówko W,Gr?t K,KobryńK,Patkowski W,Zieniewicz K,Krawczyk M.Combination of morphologic criteria andα-fetoprotein in selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation minimizes the problem of posttransplant tumor recurrence.World J Surg 2014;38:2698-2707[PMID:24858191 DOI:10.1007/s00268-014-2647-3]
38 Lee SD,Lee B,Kim SH,Joo J,Kim SK,Kim YK,Park SJ.Proposal of new expanded selection criteria using total tumor size and(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography for living donor liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:The National Cancer Center Korea criteria.World J Transplant 2016;6:411-422[PMID:27358787 DOI:10.5500/wjt.v6.i2.411]
39 Soejima Y,Taketomi A,Yoshizumi T,Uchiyama H,Aishima S,Terashi T,Shimada M,Maehara Y.Extended indication for living donor liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Transplantation 2007;83:893-899[PMID:17460559 DOI:10.1097/01.tp.0000259015.46798.ec]
40 Sapisochin G,Goldaracena N,Laurence JM,Dib M,Barbas A,Ghanekar A,Cleary SP,Lilly L,Cattral MS,Marquez M,Selzner M,Renner E,Selzner N,McGilvray ID,Greig PD,Grant DR.The extended Toronto criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:A prospective validation study.Hepatology 2016;64:2077-2088[PMID:27178646 DOI:10.1002/hep.28643]