秦岭南五台山缓步动物群落及其多样性
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摘要
为了解缓步动物群落组成以及随海拔和季节的变化规律,对地处秦岭北坡的南五台山缓步动物群落进行为期1年的调查研究。共采集缓步动物7947个,隶属缓步动物门2纲3目4科11属25种。其中Macrobiotushufelandi和M.harmsworthi共占总采集量的86.77%,为优势类群。采用Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener信息指数和修正的Hill指数来分析各生境缓步动物群落结构特点。研究结果显示,海拔和季节均对缓步动物群落个体数影响显著,对物种数影响不显著;物种数和个体数的顶峰在冬季,二者均随海拔上升而增加。季节对群落Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener信息指数影响显著,4月份群落物种的集中性最高,而物种丰富度最低;11、12、1月份群落物种的优势集中性指数较低,而物种丰富度较高。6月份群落的类群数最少且各类群数量相差不大,因此6月份群落的均匀性指数最高。海拔对群落Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener信息指数的影响不显著。
In order to understand the effects of seasonal and altitudinal change on community structure and diversity of tardigrade, an annual investigation on Mount Taibai, the highest peak of Qinling Mountains was carried out from September2004 to August 2005. A total of 7 947 individuals of tardigrades belong to 25 species, 11 genera, 4 families, 3 orders and 2 classes. The species Macrobiotus hufelandi and M. harmsworthi occupied 86.77% of the whole collection. Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index and improved Hill index were used to analyze characters of tardigrade community structure. The results indicated that the altitude and seasona imposed significant effect on the number of tardigrades, but not on the number of species. The number peak of both individuals and species occurred in April. The numbers of tardigrades and species increased with the increase of altitude. There were significant relationship between Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and season. The highest Simpson index and the lowest Shannon-Wiener index occurred in April, while, the lowest Simpson index and the highest Shannon-Wiener index occurred in November, December and January. The highest improved Hill index of species occurred in June. There was not significant relationship between the altitude and Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener diversity.
In order to understand the effects of seasonal and altitudinal change on community structure and diversity of tardigrade, an annual investigation on Mount Taibai, the highest peak of Qinling Mountains was carried out from September2004 to August 2005. A total of 7 947 individuals of tardigrades belong to 25 species, 11 genera, 4 families, 3 orders and 2 classes. The species Macrobiotus hufelandi and M. harmsworthi occupied 86.77% of the whole collection. Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index and improved Hill index were used to analyze characters of tardigrade community structure. The results indicated that the altitude and seasona imposed significant effect on the number of tardigrades, but not on the number of species. The number peak of both individuals and species occurred in April. The numbers of tardigrades and species increased with the increase of altitude. There were significant relationship between Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and season. The highest Simpson index and the lowest Shannon-Wiener index occurred in April, while, the lowest Simpson index and the highest Shannon-Wiener index occurred in November, December and January. The highest improved Hill index of species occurred in June. There was not significant relationship between the altitude and Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener diversity.
引文
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[3] Nichols PB. Seasonal and altitudinal variation in the distribution and abundance of Tardigrada on Dugger Mountain,Alabama[J]. Zool. Anz., 2001,240:501-504
[4] Briones MJI, Ineson P, Piearce TG. Effects of climate change on soil fauna; responsee of Enchytraeids, Diptera larvae and tardigrades in a transplant experiment[J]. Appl. Soil Ecol., 1997,6:117-134
[5]刘莹,李晓晨.不同海拔缓步动物群落结构的比较[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(2):166-169
[6] Schuster RO, Toftner EC, Grigarick AA. Tardigrada of Pope Beach, Lake Tahoe, California[J]. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 1977,35:115-136
[7]吴东辉,张柏,陈鹏.吉林省中西部平原区土壤螨类群落结构特征[J].动物学报,2005,51(3):401-412
[2] Kendall-Fite K, Nelson DR. Two new species of tardigrades from Short Mountain, Tennessee U.S.A[J]. Zool. J.Linnean Soc.,1996,116:1205-1214
[3] Nichols PB. Seasonal and altitudinal variation in the distribution and abundance of Tardigrada on Dugger Mountain,Alabama[J]. Zool. Anz., 2001,240:501-504
[4] Briones MJI, Ineson P, Piearce TG. Effects of climate change on soil fauna; responsee of Enchytraeids, Diptera larvae and tardigrades in a transplant experiment[J]. Appl. Soil Ecol., 1997,6:117-134
[5]刘莹,李晓晨.不同海拔缓步动物群落结构的比较[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(2):166-169
[6] Schuster RO, Toftner EC, Grigarick AA. Tardigrada of Pope Beach, Lake Tahoe, California[J]. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 1977,35:115-136
[7]吴东辉,张柏,陈鹏.吉林省中西部平原区土壤螨类群落结构特征[J].动物学报,2005,51(3):401-412