呼伦贝尔农垦旅游资源空间特征及其发展模式
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摘要
运用核密度估计、局部空间自相关模型,分析农垦旅游资源空间分异特征.垦区优势旅游资源是建筑与设施景观、水域风光和生物景观.大部分旅游资源为普通级.垦区旅游资源集中在大兴安岭两侧,沿交通与河流分布,形成岭东北、岭东南、岭西北、岭西南4个聚集区.结合"点-轴"理论,构建了农垦旅游发展的"点-轴-功能区"空间模式,其中,旅游发展节点为谢尔塔拉湿地、绰尔河湿地等重点旅游地及甘河农场、那吉屯农场、陶海牧场、拉布大林农场等旅游集散中心;旅游发展主轴依托G111,G301,S201,S301等4条交通干线,旅游发展次轴依托岭西北通道、岭西南通道、岭南通道;旅游发展功能区为岭东北、岭东南、岭西北、岭西南等旅游功能区.
The question of how tourism elements can be spatially organized continues to be challenging,particularly for tourism in agricultural reclamation area(TAR)in jurisdiction of Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group(HARG),an emerging tourism destination.To date,the spatial characteristics of TAR resources has not been adequately addressed and few studies have considered spatial development pattern of TAR.Point-axis theory is a useful framework to analysis the spatial elements,structure and evolution.This paper uses the point-axis theory to propose the spatial development pattern of TAR in Hulunbuir.We constructed the point,axis and zone space of tourism based on spatial characteristics of tourism resources identified by kernel density estimation and local spatial autocorrelation model.The study finds that,Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group owns abundant tourism resources.The unique feature of location and advantage of it mainly on architecture and water landscapes.The spatial distribution of these tourism attractions was uneven.The tourism attractions have been more in the western part and less in the eastern part,also highly concentrated in South and scattered in North.The tourism attractions mainly distributed on either side of the Greater Khingan Mountains,where had formed four accumulation areas.In addition,these tourism attractions concentrate on area along the traffic line and river.Common tourism resources account for principal parts of tourism resources of Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group.From the perspective of quality level,different type of tourism attractions are concentrate in different way,with the high-high cluster,high-low cluster and low-high cluster were the majority,and the low-low cluster is scarce.Based on that,the spatial development patterns was proposed.In general,the spatial distribution of TAR’s resources can be characterized as a"point-line-area"structure.Convenient links provided between the points and zones via lines,forming a string of cluster of elements.In terms of types,biological landscape,tourism commodity and water sceneries mainly concentrated at the northwest of the Greater Khingan(GK),Architecture and facilities center on the northwest and southwest of the GK and humanity activities mainly distributed in the north of GK.The study find a small differences of distribution exists in site,relic and meteorological landscapes.In terms of quality,the overall level of quality in western GK is higher than which of eastern GK.There are two high-level clusters in Hulunbuir agricultural reclamation area,one is in Taohai,Xiertala and another is in Chaoerhe.This paper presents a point-axis-zone pattern for TAR development in Hulunbuir.The pattern includes(1)Taohai wetland,Xiertala wetland and Chaoerhe wetland as the key tourism destination and Ganhe farms,Najitun farm,Taohai farm and Labudalin farm as tourist distributing center,(2)4 transport corridors—G111,G301,S201,S301 as the main axis,the galleries of northwestern,southwestern and southern of GK as the secondary axis,and(3)the area of northeastern,southeastern,northwestern and southwest of GK as the funtional zone.
The question of how tourism elements can be spatially organized continues to be challenging,particularly for tourism in agricultural reclamation area(TAR)in jurisdiction of Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group(HARG),an emerging tourism destination.To date,the spatial characteristics of TAR resources has not been adequately addressed and few studies have considered spatial development pattern of TAR.Point-axis theory is a useful framework to analysis the spatial elements,structure and evolution.This paper uses the point-axis theory to propose the spatial development pattern of TAR in Hulunbuir.We constructed the point,axis and zone space of tourism based on spatial characteristics of tourism resources identified by kernel density estimation and local spatial autocorrelation model.The study finds that,Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group owns abundant tourism resources.The unique feature of location and advantage of it mainly on architecture and water landscapes.The spatial distribution of these tourism attractions was uneven.The tourism attractions have been more in the western part and less in the eastern part,also highly concentrated in South and scattered in North.The tourism attractions mainly distributed on either side of the Greater Khingan Mountains,where had formed four accumulation areas.In addition,these tourism attractions concentrate on area along the traffic line and river.Common tourism resources account for principal parts of tourism resources of Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group.From the perspective of quality level,different type of tourism attractions are concentrate in different way,with the high-high cluster,high-low cluster and low-high cluster were the majority,and the low-low cluster is scarce.Based on that,the spatial development patterns was proposed.In general,the spatial distribution of TAR’s resources can be characterized as a"point-line-area"structure.Convenient links provided between the points and zones via lines,forming a string of cluster of elements.In terms of types,biological landscape,tourism commodity and water sceneries mainly concentrated at the northwest of the Greater Khingan(GK),Architecture and facilities center on the northwest and southwest of the GK and humanity activities mainly distributed in the north of GK.The study find a small differences of distribution exists in site,relic and meteorological landscapes.In terms of quality,the overall level of quality in western GK is higher than which of eastern GK.There are two high-level clusters in Hulunbuir agricultural reclamation area,one is in Taohai,Xiertala and another is in Chaoerhe.This paper presents a point-axis-zone pattern for TAR development in Hulunbuir.The pattern includes(1)Taohai wetland,Xiertala wetland and Chaoerhe wetland as the key tourism destination and Ganhe farms,Najitun farm,Taohai farm and Labudalin farm as tourist distributing center,(2)4 transport corridors—G111,G301,S201,S301 as the main axis,the galleries of northwestern,southwestern and southern of GK as the secondary axis,and(3)the area of northeastern,southeastern,northwestern and southwest of GK as the funtional zone.
引文
1 Bureau of reclamation of ministry of agriculture of the people’s republic of China.Introduction of China state farm[EB/OL](in Chinese).http://www.chinafarm.com.cn/Category.php?url=UW0Na AFh CD0ANVUz.2016-03-14/2016-12–31[中华人民共和国农业部农垦局.中国农垦简介[EB/OL].http://www.chinafarm.com.cn/Category.php?url=UW0Na AFh CD0ANVUz.2016-03-14/2016-12–31]
2 Fu J J.Developing tourism industry based on resources in State Farms(in Chinese).China State Farms,2010,1:68–70[符继军.依托农垦资源,发展旅游观光农业.中国农垦,2010,1:68–70]
3 Zhang Y Q,Zhao M,Li D C,et al.System dynamic analysis of sustainable development of rural tourism:Taking Yakeshi farm at Hulunbuir reclamation group in Inner Mongolia as an example(in Chinese).Agric Econ Manag,2015,3:11–19[张永强,赵铭,李道成,等.乡村旅游可持续发展的系统动力学分析——以内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔农垦集团牙克石农场为例.农业经济与管理,2015,3:11 –19]
4 Li W G.Seizing opportunities to develop tourism industry in State Farms(in Chinese).China State Farms,2010,8:13–14[李伟国.抓住机遇,发挥优势,加快培育和发展农垦旅游产业.中国农垦,2010,8:13–14]
5 Gong G W,Shi Y S.Promoting the rapid development of the tourism in state farms Farm(in Chinese).Econ Manag,2013,10:23–25[公国维,时玉森.整合旅游资源,突出特色,促进农垦旅游业快速发展.农场经济管理,2013,10:23–25]
6 Chen X,Huang F.Research on tourism spatial structure and its optimization:A network analysis.Geogr Geo Infor Sci,2006,5:14
7 De G W.Spatial structure of tourism resources in the tourism region of Hulun Buir-Aershan.Arid Land Geogr,2008,31:456–463
8 Lin L,Yang L L,Dai X J,et al.A research on coupling and optimal of the spatial structure of tourism destination system—A case study of Fujian Province(in Chinese).Human Geogr,2011,26:140–146[林岚,杨蕾蕾,戴学军,等.旅游目的地系统空间结构耦合与优化研究——以福建省为例.人文地理,2011,26:140–146]
9 Lu D D.Regional development and spatial structure(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1995[陆大道.区域发展及其空间结构.北京:科学出版社,1995]
10 Wu M,Yang Z P,Zhang X Y.Research in Pole-Axis Theory in regional economic cooperation between Chinese Xinjiang and West Siberia of Russia(in Chinese).Acta Geogr Sin,2010,65:929–937[吴淼,杨兆萍,张小云.“点-轴”理论在新疆与西西伯利亚区域经济合作中的应用.地理学报,2010,65:929–937]
11 Lu D D.Formation and dynamics of the“Pole-Axis”spatial system(in Chinese).Sci Geogr Sin,2002,22:1–6[陆大道.关于“点-轴”空间结构系统的形成机理分析.地理科学,2002,22:1–6]
12 Lin H Y,Li Y X.Fractal theory—Exploration of singularit(in Chinese).Beijing:Beijing Institute of Press,1992.45–46[林鸿溢,李映雪.分形论——奇异性探索.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1992.45–46]
13 Shen J H,Lu Y Q,Han L Q,et al.Study on the tourism spatial distribution of the Wanjiang City zone based on pole-axis theory(in Chinese).Econ Geogr,2012,32:43–49[沈惊宏,陆玉麒,韩立钦,等.基于“点-轴”理论的皖江城市带旅游空间布局整合.经济地理,2012,32:43–49]
14 Shi P J,Li G Z.The research of pole-axis system on tourism exploitation in northwest China(in Chinese).Geogr Geo Infor Sci,2003,19 :91–95[石培基,李国柱.“点-轴”系统理论在我国西北地区旅游开发中的运用.地理与地理信息科学,2003,19:91–95]
15 Long M X,Sun G N,Ma L J,et al.A study on the development of the pole-axis system of the regional tourism:A case of southern Shaanxi(in Chinese).Econ Geogr,2010,30:1383–1388[龙茂兴,孙根年,马丽君,等.区域旅游“点-轴系统”演进研究——以陕南为例.经济地理,2010,30:1383–1388]
16 Zhao Z B,Xue L,Ma Y F.Tourist resources spatial differentiation pattern and zoning—A case study of Hanzhong City(in Chinese).J Arid Land Resour Environ,2009,23:191–195[赵振斌,薛亮,马耀峰.旅游资源空间分异模式与区划研究——以汉中市为例.干旱区资源与环境,2009,23:191–195]
17 Xu Q.The spacial construction optimization of Ningbo’s rural tourism based on the pole-axis system theory(in Chinese).Econ Geogr,2009,29:164–168[徐清.基于“点-轴”系统理论的宁波乡村旅游空间结构优化.经济地理,2009,29:164–168]
18 Gao N,Ma Y F,Li T S,et al.Study on the tourism spatial structure of Shaanxi based on“Pole-Axis”theory(in Chinese).J Arid Land Resour Environ,2012,26:177–182[高楠,马耀峰,李天顺,等.基于“点-轴”理论的陕西旅游空间结构研究.干旱区资源与环境,2012,26:177–182]
19 Lu D D.An analysis of spatial structure and optimal regional development(in Chinese).Sci Geogr Sin,2001,56:127–135[陆大道.论区域的最佳结构与最佳发展——提出“点-轴系统”和“T”型结构以来的回顾与再分析.地理学报,2001,56:127–135]
20 Wang D G,Lu L,Chen T.A study on the evolement of resort system spatial structure of the pole-axis theory—a case of tourism region of Hulun buir-Aershan(in Chinese).Econ Geogr,2005,25:904–909[汪德根,陆林,陈田.基于“点-轴”理论的旅游地系统空间结构演变研究——以呼伦贝尔-阿尔山旅游区为例.经济地理,2005,25:904–909]
21 Lu Y Q.The scientific connotation of pole-axis theory(in Chinese).Sci Geogr Sin,2002,22:136–143[陆玉麒.论点轴系统理论的科学内涵.地理科学,2002,22:136–143]
22 She B,Zhu X Y,Guo W,et al.Spatial distribution and evolution of city management events based on the spatial point pattern analysis:A case study of Jianghan District,Wuhan City(in Chinese).Prog Geogr,2013,32:924–931[佘冰,朱欣焰,呙维,等.基于空间点模式分析的城市管理事件空间分布及演化——以武汉市江汉区为例.地理科学进展,2013,32:924–931]
23 Sheather S J,Jones M C.A reliable data-based bandwidth selection method for kernel density estimation.J Roy Stat Soc Ser B(Methodological),1991,53:683–690
24 Anselin L,Sridharan S,Gholston S.Using exploratory spatial data analysis to leverage social indicator databases:The discovery of interesting patterns.Soc Indic Res,2007,82:287–309
25 Tong Y Q.Research on the spatial differentiation of Chinese traditional village based on GIS(in Chinese).Human Geogr,2014,4:44 –51[佟玉权.基于GIS的中国传统村落空间分异研究.人文地理,2014,4:44–51]
26 Dong R J,Dong Z B,Cao X Y.Spatial structure and the subject functional partition of desert tourism resources in China(in Chinese).J Desert Res,2014,34:582–589[董瑞杰,董治宝,曹晓仪.中国沙漠旅游资源空间结构与主体功能分区.中国沙漠,2014,34:582–589]
27 Sun D Q,Liu W D,Chen M X.Pole-axis system theory and its application in China’s practice(in Chinese).Econ Geogr,2016,36:1 –8[孙东琪,刘卫东,陈明星.“点-轴”系统理论的提出与在我国实践中的应用.经济地理,2016,36:1–8]
28 David D.Growth poles and growth centers in regional planning:A review.Environ Plan,1969,(1):5–32
29 Myrdal G.Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions.London:Duckworth,1957
30 Wu H L,Peng D F.Tourism distribution center construction and layout research—to Changsha as an example(in Chinese).Econ Geogr,2011,31:1219–1225[伍海琳,彭蝶飞.城市旅游集散中心构建与布局研究——以长沙为例.经济地理,2011,31:1219–1225]
31 Zhang L,Lu Y Q.Studies on spatial analysis method of the“Pole&Axis System”:A case study of the Yangtze river delta(in Chinese).Sci Geogr Sin,2010,65:1534–1547[张莉,陆玉麒.“点-轴系统”的空间分析方法研究——以长江三角洲为例.地理学报,2010,65:1534–1547]
32 Chen X L,Huang G P.Evolution and optimization of spatial structure of Anhui tourism(in Chinese).Human Geogr,2012,27:145 –150[程晓丽,黄国萍.安徽省旅游空间结构演变及优化.人文地理,2012,27:145–150]
2 Fu J J.Developing tourism industry based on resources in State Farms(in Chinese).China State Farms,2010,1:68–70[符继军.依托农垦资源,发展旅游观光农业.中国农垦,2010,1:68–70]
3 Zhang Y Q,Zhao M,Li D C,et al.System dynamic analysis of sustainable development of rural tourism:Taking Yakeshi farm at Hulunbuir reclamation group in Inner Mongolia as an example(in Chinese).Agric Econ Manag,2015,3:11–19[张永强,赵铭,李道成,等.乡村旅游可持续发展的系统动力学分析——以内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔农垦集团牙克石农场为例.农业经济与管理,2015,3:11 –19]
4 Li W G.Seizing opportunities to develop tourism industry in State Farms(in Chinese).China State Farms,2010,8:13–14[李伟国.抓住机遇,发挥优势,加快培育和发展农垦旅游产业.中国农垦,2010,8:13–14]
5 Gong G W,Shi Y S.Promoting the rapid development of the tourism in state farms Farm(in Chinese).Econ Manag,2013,10:23–25[公国维,时玉森.整合旅游资源,突出特色,促进农垦旅游业快速发展.农场经济管理,2013,10:23–25]
6 Chen X,Huang F.Research on tourism spatial structure and its optimization:A network analysis.Geogr Geo Infor Sci,2006,5:14
7 De G W.Spatial structure of tourism resources in the tourism region of Hulun Buir-Aershan.Arid Land Geogr,2008,31:456–463
8 Lin L,Yang L L,Dai X J,et al.A research on coupling and optimal of the spatial structure of tourism destination system—A case study of Fujian Province(in Chinese).Human Geogr,2011,26:140–146[林岚,杨蕾蕾,戴学军,等.旅游目的地系统空间结构耦合与优化研究——以福建省为例.人文地理,2011,26:140–146]
9 Lu D D.Regional development and spatial structure(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1995[陆大道.区域发展及其空间结构.北京:科学出版社,1995]
10 Wu M,Yang Z P,Zhang X Y.Research in Pole-Axis Theory in regional economic cooperation between Chinese Xinjiang and West Siberia of Russia(in Chinese).Acta Geogr Sin,2010,65:929–937[吴淼,杨兆萍,张小云.“点-轴”理论在新疆与西西伯利亚区域经济合作中的应用.地理学报,2010,65:929–937]
11 Lu D D.Formation and dynamics of the“Pole-Axis”spatial system(in Chinese).Sci Geogr Sin,2002,22:1–6[陆大道.关于“点-轴”空间结构系统的形成机理分析.地理科学,2002,22:1–6]
12 Lin H Y,Li Y X.Fractal theory—Exploration of singularit(in Chinese).Beijing:Beijing Institute of Press,1992.45–46[林鸿溢,李映雪.分形论——奇异性探索.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1992.45–46]
13 Shen J H,Lu Y Q,Han L Q,et al.Study on the tourism spatial distribution of the Wanjiang City zone based on pole-axis theory(in Chinese).Econ Geogr,2012,32:43–49[沈惊宏,陆玉麒,韩立钦,等.基于“点-轴”理论的皖江城市带旅游空间布局整合.经济地理,2012,32:43–49]
14 Shi P J,Li G Z.The research of pole-axis system on tourism exploitation in northwest China(in Chinese).Geogr Geo Infor Sci,2003,19 :91–95[石培基,李国柱.“点-轴”系统理论在我国西北地区旅游开发中的运用.地理与地理信息科学,2003,19:91–95]
15 Long M X,Sun G N,Ma L J,et al.A study on the development of the pole-axis system of the regional tourism:A case of southern Shaanxi(in Chinese).Econ Geogr,2010,30:1383–1388[龙茂兴,孙根年,马丽君,等.区域旅游“点-轴系统”演进研究——以陕南为例.经济地理,2010,30:1383–1388]
16 Zhao Z B,Xue L,Ma Y F.Tourist resources spatial differentiation pattern and zoning—A case study of Hanzhong City(in Chinese).J Arid Land Resour Environ,2009,23:191–195[赵振斌,薛亮,马耀峰.旅游资源空间分异模式与区划研究——以汉中市为例.干旱区资源与环境,2009,23:191–195]
17 Xu Q.The spacial construction optimization of Ningbo’s rural tourism based on the pole-axis system theory(in Chinese).Econ Geogr,2009,29:164–168[徐清.基于“点-轴”系统理论的宁波乡村旅游空间结构优化.经济地理,2009,29:164–168]
18 Gao N,Ma Y F,Li T S,et al.Study on the tourism spatial structure of Shaanxi based on“Pole-Axis”theory(in Chinese).J Arid Land Resour Environ,2012,26:177–182[高楠,马耀峰,李天顺,等.基于“点-轴”理论的陕西旅游空间结构研究.干旱区资源与环境,2012,26:177–182]
19 Lu D D.An analysis of spatial structure and optimal regional development(in Chinese).Sci Geogr Sin,2001,56:127–135[陆大道.论区域的最佳结构与最佳发展——提出“点-轴系统”和“T”型结构以来的回顾与再分析.地理学报,2001,56:127–135]
20 Wang D G,Lu L,Chen T.A study on the evolement of resort system spatial structure of the pole-axis theory—a case of tourism region of Hulun buir-Aershan(in Chinese).Econ Geogr,2005,25:904–909[汪德根,陆林,陈田.基于“点-轴”理论的旅游地系统空间结构演变研究——以呼伦贝尔-阿尔山旅游区为例.经济地理,2005,25:904–909]
21 Lu Y Q.The scientific connotation of pole-axis theory(in Chinese).Sci Geogr Sin,2002,22:136–143[陆玉麒.论点轴系统理论的科学内涵.地理科学,2002,22:136–143]
22 She B,Zhu X Y,Guo W,et al.Spatial distribution and evolution of city management events based on the spatial point pattern analysis:A case study of Jianghan District,Wuhan City(in Chinese).Prog Geogr,2013,32:924–931[佘冰,朱欣焰,呙维,等.基于空间点模式分析的城市管理事件空间分布及演化——以武汉市江汉区为例.地理科学进展,2013,32:924–931]
23 Sheather S J,Jones M C.A reliable data-based bandwidth selection method for kernel density estimation.J Roy Stat Soc Ser B(Methodological),1991,53:683–690
24 Anselin L,Sridharan S,Gholston S.Using exploratory spatial data analysis to leverage social indicator databases:The discovery of interesting patterns.Soc Indic Res,2007,82:287–309
25 Tong Y Q.Research on the spatial differentiation of Chinese traditional village based on GIS(in Chinese).Human Geogr,2014,4:44 –51[佟玉权.基于GIS的中国传统村落空间分异研究.人文地理,2014,4:44–51]
26 Dong R J,Dong Z B,Cao X Y.Spatial structure and the subject functional partition of desert tourism resources in China(in Chinese).J Desert Res,2014,34:582–589[董瑞杰,董治宝,曹晓仪.中国沙漠旅游资源空间结构与主体功能分区.中国沙漠,2014,34:582–589]
27 Sun D Q,Liu W D,Chen M X.Pole-axis system theory and its application in China’s practice(in Chinese).Econ Geogr,2016,36:1 –8[孙东琪,刘卫东,陈明星.“点-轴”系统理论的提出与在我国实践中的应用.经济地理,2016,36:1–8]
28 David D.Growth poles and growth centers in regional planning:A review.Environ Plan,1969,(1):5–32
29 Myrdal G.Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions.London:Duckworth,1957
30 Wu H L,Peng D F.Tourism distribution center construction and layout research—to Changsha as an example(in Chinese).Econ Geogr,2011,31:1219–1225[伍海琳,彭蝶飞.城市旅游集散中心构建与布局研究——以长沙为例.经济地理,2011,31:1219–1225]
31 Zhang L,Lu Y Q.Studies on spatial analysis method of the“Pole&Axis System”:A case study of the Yangtze river delta(in Chinese).Sci Geogr Sin,2010,65:1534–1547[张莉,陆玉麒.“点-轴系统”的空间分析方法研究——以长江三角洲为例.地理学报,2010,65:1534–1547]
32 Chen X L,Huang G P.Evolution and optimization of spatial structure of Anhui tourism(in Chinese).Human Geogr,2012,27:145 –150[程晓丽,黄国萍.安徽省旅游空间结构演变及优化.人文地理,2012,27:145–150]