STS观照下的老龄化:经验与启示
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摘要
全球人口结构的老龄化将是本世纪最重要的社会变革之一。这种势不可挡的人口结构变革是所有工业化国家应对的社会挑战,也将成为发展中国家无法回避的问题。西方国家早于我国进入人口老龄化时代,他们创造性地融汇了科学、技术与社会(STS)各要素于一体,通过运用科学技术辅助支持老龄人口生活,对缓解老龄化所带来的危机发挥了重要作用,对我国解决好人口老龄问题具有积极的借鉴意义。应当给予我国人口老龄化存在的"未富先老"的特殊性以高度重视,积极推动科学技术在科学处理老龄化问题中的运用,化解人口老龄化所带来的危机、以期实现"积极老龄化"的战略目标。
The ageing phenomenon in the global demographic structure will be one of the most important social changes in this century. This fierce demographic transformation will become serious social challenges in all industrialized countries and will become an issue that developing countries cannot avoid. The Western countries have entered the aging era earlier than China and they have creatively integrated the good STS elements plus assistive technologies to assist and intervene in the life of the aged and alleviate their aging crises, which can shed much light on the solutions of the aging problems in China. It should be stressed that the particular problem of the poor aged in China should receive proper concern, and it is also necessary to explore the interactive role of science and technology in solving aging problems and realizing the strategic goal of "active aging".
The ageing phenomenon in the global demographic structure will be one of the most important social changes in this century. This fierce demographic transformation will become serious social challenges in all industrialized countries and will become an issue that developing countries cannot avoid. The Western countries have entered the aging era earlier than China and they have creatively integrated the good STS elements plus assistive technologies to assist and intervene in the life of the aged and alleviate their aging crises, which can shed much light on the solutions of the aging problems in China. It should be stressed that the particular problem of the poor aged in China should receive proper concern, and it is also necessary to explore the interactive role of science and technology in solving aging problems and realizing the strategic goal of "active aging".
引文
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(3)Featherstone,M./Wernick,A.(eds.)(1995):Images of Aging.Cultural Rep-resentations of Later Life,London:Routledge.Lunenfeld,B.(2002).The ageing male:demographics and challenges.World journal of urology,20(1),11-16.Patrickson,M.,&Ranzijn,R.(2005).WORKFORCE AGEING:THE CHALLENGES FOR 21 ST CENTURY MANAGE-MENT.International Journal of OrganisationalB ehaviour,10(4),729-739.Ilmarinen,J.(2006).The ageing workforcechallenges for occupational health.Occupational Medicine,56(6),362-364.
(4)Avramov,D.,&Maskova,M.(2003).Active ageing in Europe(Vol.2).Council of Europe.Stuckelberger,A.(2008).Anti-ageing medicine:Myths and chances(Vol.52).vdfH ochschulverlag AG.
(1)World Health Organization.(2002).Active ageing:a policy framework.Geneva:World Health Organization.http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/67215.
(2)WHO.(2002).Active Ageing:A Policy Framework.Technical report,World Health Organization.UNECE.(2002).Regional Implementation Strategy For The Madrid Interna-tional Plan Of Action On Ageing.Technical report,United Nations Economic Commissions for Europe Ministerial Conference on Ageing.Mandin,Christelle.(2004).Active ageing in europe.In ESPAnet’04,number September.Malanowski,N.R.Ozcivelek,and M.Cabrera.(2008).Active ageing and in-dependent living services:The role of information and communication technology.Technical report,JRC-IPTS.
(3)Cristhian Parra,Patricia Silveira,ImanK haghani Far,Florian Daniel,Eling D.De Bruin,Luca Cernuzzi,Vincenzo D'Andrea and Fabio Casati(2014),“Information Technology for Active Ageing:A Review of Theory and Practice”,Foundations and Trendsin Human-Computer Interaction:Vol.7:No.4,pp 351-448.
(4)Jasanoff,S.,Markle,G.E.,Peterson,J.C.,&Pinch,T.(Eds.).(2001).Handbook of science and technology studies.Sage publications.
(5)Kuhn,T.S.(1962).The structure of scientific revolutions.University of Chicago Press:Chicago.
(6)Hess,D.J.(1997).Science studies:An advanced introduction.NYU press.
(7)Goldsmith,T.C.(2012).On the programmed/non-programmed aging controversy.Biochemistry,ISSN 0006-2979.URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S000629791207005X.
(1)刘军,程毅:《老龄化背景下失能老人长期照护社会政策设计》,《云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年第4期。
(2)WHO.(2002).Active Ageing:A Policy Framework.Technical report,World Health Organization.
(3)Ian J Deary,Janie Corley,Alan J Gow,Sarah E Harris,Lorna M Houli-han,Riccardo E Marioni,Lars Penke,Snorri B Rafnsson,and John M Starr.(2009).Age-associated cognitive decline.British medical bulletin,92(1):135-152.Laura KHamilton,Sandra E Joppé,LoN珟c M Cochard,and Karl JL Fernandes.(2013).Aging and neurogenesis in the adult forebrain:what we have learned and where we should go from here.European journal of neuroscience,37(12):1978-1986.
(4)Wiles,J.L.,Leibing,A.,Guberman,N.,Reeve,J.,&Allen,R.E.(2012).The meaning of“aging in place”to older people.The gerontologist,52(3),357-366.
(5)Sabia,J.J.(2008).There's no place like home:A hazard model analysis of aging in place among older homeowners in the PSID.Research on Aging,30(1),3-35.
(6)张博,韩俊江:《人口老龄化背景下发展智慧养老产业研究》,《云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2018年第4期。
(7)Normie,L.(2011).Technology for ageing in place.IFA(International Federation on Ageing)Global ageing,7(2),45-53.
(8)Tan Tang,P.,&Venables,T.(2000).‘Smart’homes and telecare for independent living.Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare,6(1),8-14.Dishman,E.(2004).Inventing wellness systems for aging in place.Computer,37(5),34-41.Peek,S.T.,Aarts,S.,&Wouters,E.J.(2017).Can smart home technology deliver on the promise of independent living?Acritical reflection based on the perspectives of older adults.Handbook of smart homes,health care and well-being,203-214.
(9)Bank of America Merrill Lynch and Age Wave(2014).Health and Retirement:Planning for the Great Unknown.Available at:http://www.ml.com/publish/content/application/pdf/GWMOL/MLWM_Health-and-Retirement-2014.pdf.
(10)Mitchell,O.S.,Piggott,J.,Sherris,M.,&Yow,S.(2006).Financial innovation for an aging world.Ssrn Electronic Journal,21-34.
(1)C.Parra.(2013).Information Technology for Active Ageing:A Review of Theory and Practice.Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction,vol.7,no.4,pp.351-447.Kriebernegg,U./Maierhofer,R.(eds.)(2013):The Ages of Life.Living and Ageing in Conict?Bielefeld:transcript.
(2)Hess,D.J.(1997).Science studies:An advanced introduction.NYU press.Ulrike Bechtold,Leo Capari&NiklasG udowsky(2017)Futures of ageing and technology-comparing different actors'prospective views,Journal of Responsible Innovation,4:2,157-176,DOI:10.1080/23299460.2017.1360721.
(3)Blaschke,C.M.,Freddolino,P.P.,&Mullen,E.E.(2009).Ageing and technology:A review of the research literature.British Journal of Social Work,39(4),641-656.Turner,K.,&McGee-Lennon,M.(2013).Advances in telecare over the past 10 years.Smart Homecare Technology and TeleH ealth,21.
(4)Featherstone,M./Wernick,A.(eds.)(1995):Images of Aging.Cultural Rep-resentations of Later Life,London:Routledge.
(5)Demiris,G.,Rantz,M.J.,Aud,M.A.,Marek,K.D.,Tyrer,H.W.,Skubic,M.,&Hussam,A.A.(2004).Older adults'attitudes towards and perceptions of“smart home”technologies:a pilot study.Informatics for Health and Social Care,29
(2),87-94.Mitzner,T.L.,Boron,J.B.,Fausset,C.B.,Adams,A.E.,Charness,N.,Czaja,S.J.,…Sharit,J.(2010).Older adults talk technology:Technology usage and attitudes.Computers in Human Behavior,26(6),1710-1721.
(6)Charness,N.&Czaja,S.J.(2005):“Adaption to New Technologies”.In:John-son,M.L.(ed.),The Cambridge Handbook of Age and Ageing,Cam-bridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,pp.662-669.
(7)Walker,Alan,(2007).Why involve older people in research?Age and Ageing,Volume 36,Issue 5,1 September:481-483.
(8)Lowsky,D.J.,Olshansky,S.J.,Bhattacharya,J.,&Goldman,D.P.(2013).Heterogeneity in healthy aging.The journals of gerontology.Series A,Biological sciences and medical sciences,69(6),640-9.Mitnitski,Arnold,Susan E.Howlett,Kenneth Rockwood(2017).Heterogeneity of Human Aging and Its Assessment,The Journals of Gerontology:Series A,Volume72(7),877-884.
(1)Joyce,K.,&Loe,M.(2010).A sociological approach to ageing,technology and health.Sociology of health&illness,32
(2),171-180.
(2)张文义:《文思理教授与内外视角交织的人类学方法》,《西北民族研究》2017年第1期。
(3)Van Marrewijk,A.(2010).European Developments in Business Anthropology.International Journal of Business Anthropology,1(1).Walle,A.H.(2017).Rethinking Business Anthropology:Cultural Strategies in Marketing and Management.Routledge.
(4)Feenberg,Andrew.1999.Questioning Technology.London:Routledge.
(5)Feenberg,A.(1998).Escaping the iron cage,or,subversive rationalization and democratic theory.Democratising technology:Ethics,risk,and public debate.Tilburg:International Centre for Human and Public Affairs.
(6)Neven,L.(2010).‘But obviously not for me':robots,laboratories and the defiant identity of elder test users.Sociology of health&illness,32(2),335-347.Neven,L.(2015).By any means?Questioning the link between gerontechnological innovation and older people's wish to live at home.Technological forecasting and social change,93,32-43.Peine,A.,Faulkner,A.,J?ger,B.,&Moors,E.(2015).Science,technology and the‘grand challenge’of ageing-Understanding the sociomaterial constitution of later life.
(7)Warren,L.,Cook,J.,Clarke,N.,Hadfield,P.,Haywood-Reed,P.,Millen,L.,&Winfield,W.(2003).Working with older women in research:some methods-based issues.Quality in Ageing and Older Adults,4(4),24-31.Joyce,K.,&Loe,M.(2010).A sociological approach to ageing,technology and health.Sociology of health&illness,32(2),171-180.
(1)Commission of the European Communities(CEC).(1999).Towards a Europe for All Ages:Promoting Prosperity and Intergenerational Solidarity.Commission of the European Communities.
(2)European Commission(2007b):Ageing well in the Information Society:Action Plan on Information and Communication Technologies and Ageing.An i2010 Initiative,Brussels:COM(2007)332 nal.
(3)European Commission/OECD(2016),International Database on Science,Technology and Innovation Policy(STIP),www.innovationpolicyplatform.org/sti-policy-database.
(4)联合规划是促进欧洲研发合作与协调的新方法。这是一个由成员国驱动的活动。联合计划倡议(JPI)“更多年,更好的生活:人口变化的潜力和挑战”旨在加强欧洲和国家与人口变化相关的研究计划之间的协调与合作。https://www.jp-demographic.eu/about-us/。
(5)https://www.bmbf.de/en/bringing-technology-to-the-people-3115.html.
(6)https://www.lmt.lt/en/research-commissioned-by-the-state/national-research-programmes/healthy-ageing/795.
(7)OECD(2014)“The Silver Economy as a Pathway for Growth”Insights from the OECD-GCOA Expert Consultation,available at:https://www.oecd.org/sti/the-silver-economy-as-a-pathway-to-growth.pdf.
(8)OECD(2015),OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2015,OECD Publishing,Paris.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264232440-en.
(1)Nicholas Davis,2016,“What is the fourth industrial revolution?”.World Economic Forum.Retrieved https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/what-is-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/.
(2)郭骅,屈芳:《智慧养老平台的辨析与构建》,《贵州社会科学》2017年第12期。耿永志,王晓波:《“互联网+”养老服务模式:机遇、困境与出路》,《深圳大学学报:人文社会科学版》2017年第4期。
(3)国家统计局:《2017,人口年龄结构和抚养比》,来源于http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htmcn=C01。
(2)Saranummi,N.,Kivisaari,S.,Srkikoski,T.,&Graafmans,J.A.M.(1997).Ageing and technology.(BMGT;Vol.97.050).Eindhoven:TechnischeU niversiteit Eindhoven.
(3)Featherstone,M./Wernick,A.(eds.)(1995):Images of Aging.Cultural Rep-resentations of Later Life,London:Routledge.Lunenfeld,B.(2002).The ageing male:demographics and challenges.World journal of urology,20(1),11-16.Patrickson,M.,&Ranzijn,R.(2005).WORKFORCE AGEING:THE CHALLENGES FOR 21 ST CENTURY MANAGE-MENT.International Journal of OrganisationalB ehaviour,10(4),729-739.Ilmarinen,J.(2006).The ageing workforcechallenges for occupational health.Occupational Medicine,56(6),362-364.
(4)Avramov,D.,&Maskova,M.(2003).Active ageing in Europe(Vol.2).Council of Europe.Stuckelberger,A.(2008).Anti-ageing medicine:Myths and chances(Vol.52).vdfH ochschulverlag AG.
(1)World Health Organization.(2002).Active ageing:a policy framework.Geneva:World Health Organization.http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/67215.
(2)WHO.(2002).Active Ageing:A Policy Framework.Technical report,World Health Organization.UNECE.(2002).Regional Implementation Strategy For The Madrid Interna-tional Plan Of Action On Ageing.Technical report,United Nations Economic Commissions for Europe Ministerial Conference on Ageing.Mandin,Christelle.(2004).Active ageing in europe.In ESPAnet’04,number September.Malanowski,N.R.Ozcivelek,and M.Cabrera.(2008).Active ageing and in-dependent living services:The role of information and communication technology.Technical report,JRC-IPTS.
(3)Cristhian Parra,Patricia Silveira,ImanK haghani Far,Florian Daniel,Eling D.De Bruin,Luca Cernuzzi,Vincenzo D'Andrea and Fabio Casati(2014),“Information Technology for Active Ageing:A Review of Theory and Practice”,Foundations and Trendsin Human-Computer Interaction:Vol.7:No.4,pp 351-448.
(4)Jasanoff,S.,Markle,G.E.,Peterson,J.C.,&Pinch,T.(Eds.).(2001).Handbook of science and technology studies.Sage publications.
(5)Kuhn,T.S.(1962).The structure of scientific revolutions.University of Chicago Press:Chicago.
(6)Hess,D.J.(1997).Science studies:An advanced introduction.NYU press.
(7)Goldsmith,T.C.(2012).On the programmed/non-programmed aging controversy.Biochemistry,ISSN 0006-2979.URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S000629791207005X.
(1)刘军,程毅:《老龄化背景下失能老人长期照护社会政策设计》,《云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年第4期。
(2)WHO.(2002).Active Ageing:A Policy Framework.Technical report,World Health Organization.
(3)Ian J Deary,Janie Corley,Alan J Gow,Sarah E Harris,Lorna M Houli-han,Riccardo E Marioni,Lars Penke,Snorri B Rafnsson,and John M Starr.(2009).Age-associated cognitive decline.British medical bulletin,92(1):135-152.Laura KHamilton,Sandra E Joppé,LoN珟c M Cochard,and Karl JL Fernandes.(2013).Aging and neurogenesis in the adult forebrain:what we have learned and where we should go from here.European journal of neuroscience,37(12):1978-1986.
(4)Wiles,J.L.,Leibing,A.,Guberman,N.,Reeve,J.,&Allen,R.E.(2012).The meaning of“aging in place”to older people.The gerontologist,52(3),357-366.
(5)Sabia,J.J.(2008).There's no place like home:A hazard model analysis of aging in place among older homeowners in the PSID.Research on Aging,30(1),3-35.
(6)张博,韩俊江:《人口老龄化背景下发展智慧养老产业研究》,《云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2018年第4期。
(7)Normie,L.(2011).Technology for ageing in place.IFA(International Federation on Ageing)Global ageing,7(2),45-53.
(8)Tan Tang,P.,&Venables,T.(2000).‘Smart’homes and telecare for independent living.Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare,6(1),8-14.Dishman,E.(2004).Inventing wellness systems for aging in place.Computer,37(5),34-41.Peek,S.T.,Aarts,S.,&Wouters,E.J.(2017).Can smart home technology deliver on the promise of independent living?Acritical reflection based on the perspectives of older adults.Handbook of smart homes,health care and well-being,203-214.
(9)Bank of America Merrill Lynch and Age Wave(2014).Health and Retirement:Planning for the Great Unknown.Available at:http://www.ml.com/publish/content/application/pdf/GWMOL/MLWM_Health-and-Retirement-2014.pdf.
(10)Mitchell,O.S.,Piggott,J.,Sherris,M.,&Yow,S.(2006).Financial innovation for an aging world.Ssrn Electronic Journal,21-34.
(1)C.Parra.(2013).Information Technology for Active Ageing:A Review of Theory and Practice.Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction,vol.7,no.4,pp.351-447.Kriebernegg,U./Maierhofer,R.(eds.)(2013):The Ages of Life.Living and Ageing in Conict?Bielefeld:transcript.
(2)Hess,D.J.(1997).Science studies:An advanced introduction.NYU press.Ulrike Bechtold,Leo Capari&NiklasG udowsky(2017)Futures of ageing and technology-comparing different actors'prospective views,Journal of Responsible Innovation,4:2,157-176,DOI:10.1080/23299460.2017.1360721.
(3)Blaschke,C.M.,Freddolino,P.P.,&Mullen,E.E.(2009).Ageing and technology:A review of the research literature.British Journal of Social Work,39(4),641-656.Turner,K.,&McGee-Lennon,M.(2013).Advances in telecare over the past 10 years.Smart Homecare Technology and TeleH ealth,21.
(4)Featherstone,M./Wernick,A.(eds.)(1995):Images of Aging.Cultural Rep-resentations of Later Life,London:Routledge.
(5)Demiris,G.,Rantz,M.J.,Aud,M.A.,Marek,K.D.,Tyrer,H.W.,Skubic,M.,&Hussam,A.A.(2004).Older adults'attitudes towards and perceptions of“smart home”technologies:a pilot study.Informatics for Health and Social Care,29
(2),87-94.Mitzner,T.L.,Boron,J.B.,Fausset,C.B.,Adams,A.E.,Charness,N.,Czaja,S.J.,…Sharit,J.(2010).Older adults talk technology:Technology usage and attitudes.Computers in Human Behavior,26(6),1710-1721.
(6)Charness,N.&Czaja,S.J.(2005):“Adaption to New Technologies”.In:John-son,M.L.(ed.),The Cambridge Handbook of Age and Ageing,Cam-bridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,pp.662-669.
(7)Walker,Alan,(2007).Why involve older people in research?Age and Ageing,Volume 36,Issue 5,1 September:481-483.
(8)Lowsky,D.J.,Olshansky,S.J.,Bhattacharya,J.,&Goldman,D.P.(2013).Heterogeneity in healthy aging.The journals of gerontology.Series A,Biological sciences and medical sciences,69(6),640-9.Mitnitski,Arnold,Susan E.Howlett,Kenneth Rockwood(2017).Heterogeneity of Human Aging and Its Assessment,The Journals of Gerontology:Series A,Volume72(7),877-884.
(1)Joyce,K.,&Loe,M.(2010).A sociological approach to ageing,technology and health.Sociology of health&illness,32
(2),171-180.
(2)张文义:《文思理教授与内外视角交织的人类学方法》,《西北民族研究》2017年第1期。
(3)Van Marrewijk,A.(2010).European Developments in Business Anthropology.International Journal of Business Anthropology,1(1).Walle,A.H.(2017).Rethinking Business Anthropology:Cultural Strategies in Marketing and Management.Routledge.
(4)Feenberg,Andrew.1999.Questioning Technology.London:Routledge.
(5)Feenberg,A.(1998).Escaping the iron cage,or,subversive rationalization and democratic theory.Democratising technology:Ethics,risk,and public debate.Tilburg:International Centre for Human and Public Affairs.
(6)Neven,L.(2010).‘But obviously not for me':robots,laboratories and the defiant identity of elder test users.Sociology of health&illness,32(2),335-347.Neven,L.(2015).By any means?Questioning the link between gerontechnological innovation and older people's wish to live at home.Technological forecasting and social change,93,32-43.Peine,A.,Faulkner,A.,J?ger,B.,&Moors,E.(2015).Science,technology and the‘grand challenge’of ageing-Understanding the sociomaterial constitution of later life.
(7)Warren,L.,Cook,J.,Clarke,N.,Hadfield,P.,Haywood-Reed,P.,Millen,L.,&Winfield,W.(2003).Working with older women in research:some methods-based issues.Quality in Ageing and Older Adults,4(4),24-31.Joyce,K.,&Loe,M.(2010).A sociological approach to ageing,technology and health.Sociology of health&illness,32(2),171-180.
(1)Commission of the European Communities(CEC).(1999).Towards a Europe for All Ages:Promoting Prosperity and Intergenerational Solidarity.Commission of the European Communities.
(2)European Commission(2007b):Ageing well in the Information Society:Action Plan on Information and Communication Technologies and Ageing.An i2010 Initiative,Brussels:COM(2007)332 nal.
(3)European Commission/OECD(2016),International Database on Science,Technology and Innovation Policy(STIP),www.innovationpolicyplatform.org/sti-policy-database.
(4)联合规划是促进欧洲研发合作与协调的新方法。这是一个由成员国驱动的活动。联合计划倡议(JPI)“更多年,更好的生活:人口变化的潜力和挑战”旨在加强欧洲和国家与人口变化相关的研究计划之间的协调与合作。https://www.jp-demographic.eu/about-us/。
(5)https://www.bmbf.de/en/bringing-technology-to-the-people-3115.html.
(6)https://www.lmt.lt/en/research-commissioned-by-the-state/national-research-programmes/healthy-ageing/795.
(7)OECD(2014)“The Silver Economy as a Pathway for Growth”Insights from the OECD-GCOA Expert Consultation,available at:https://www.oecd.org/sti/the-silver-economy-as-a-pathway-to-growth.pdf.
(8)OECD(2015),OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2015,OECD Publishing,Paris.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264232440-en.
(1)Nicholas Davis,2016,“What is the fourth industrial revolution?”.World Economic Forum.Retrieved https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/what-is-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/.
(2)郭骅,屈芳:《智慧养老平台的辨析与构建》,《贵州社会科学》2017年第12期。耿永志,王晓波:《“互联网+”养老服务模式:机遇、困境与出路》,《深圳大学学报:人文社会科学版》2017年第4期。
(3)国家统计局:《2017,人口年龄结构和抚养比》,来源于http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htmcn=C01。