水分侵入压接界面对复合绝缘子的影响
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摘要
我国南方沿海地区多处于高温高湿地区,降雨时间长且降雨量大,为探究此类环境下水分侵入绝缘子芯棒与金具压接界面引起绝缘子温差和机械破坏负荷变化的机理,选取复合绝缘子试样,将其在电解液中水煮42h并继续浸泡不同的时长,然后进行工频电压下的红外测温和机械破坏负荷试验,并对金具滑脱后脱出的芯棒表面进行傅里叶红外光谱、热失重、扫描电镜和能谱分析。得出结论:随着浸泡时间的增加,水分逐渐侵入绝缘子芯棒与金具的压接界面,导致该处芯棒环氧树脂的相对含量降低,压接界面中环氧树脂、偶联剂与金属原子间配位键减弱,其直观表现为绝缘子温差先增加后趋于稳定,机械破坏负荷逐渐减小。浸泡后的绝缘子进行一定时间的干燥后其压接界面处水分会向外扩散,压接界面中的配位键恢复,机械破坏负荷增大。
Coastal region of Southern China is mostly located in high-temperature and high-humidity areas with frequent long-time heavy rainfall. To study the changing mechanism of the temperature difference and maximum mechanical load caused by the water molecules immerging into the crimping interface between the FRP rods and the metal fitting of the composite insulators operating in such environment, in this paper, composite insulator samples are selected, poached in electrolyte for 42 hours and soaked for different periods of time in sequence. Then infrared temperature measurement and maximum mechanical load test under power frequency voltage are conducted, and FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDS analysis for the surface of the FRP rods after pulling out of the fitting are carried out. Result shows that as the soaking process goes on, the moisture is gradually immersed into the crimped interface between the FRP rods and the metal fitting, causing decrease of the relative content of epoxy resin in the rods and reduction of coordination bond between epoxy resin, coupling agent and metal atom, intuitively showing temperature increase at first and then trending to keep steady, but the maximum mechanical load keeps going down. After the soaked insulator is dried for a certain period of time, the moisture at the crimped interface will spread outward and the coordination bond between the coupling agent and the metal atoms will recover, enhancing the maximum mechanical load.
Coastal region of Southern China is mostly located in high-temperature and high-humidity areas with frequent long-time heavy rainfall. To study the changing mechanism of the temperature difference and maximum mechanical load caused by the water molecules immerging into the crimping interface between the FRP rods and the metal fitting of the composite insulators operating in such environment, in this paper, composite insulator samples are selected, poached in electrolyte for 42 hours and soaked for different periods of time in sequence. Then infrared temperature measurement and maximum mechanical load test under power frequency voltage are conducted, and FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDS analysis for the surface of the FRP rods after pulling out of the fitting are carried out. Result shows that as the soaking process goes on, the moisture is gradually immersed into the crimped interface between the FRP rods and the metal fitting, causing decrease of the relative content of epoxy resin in the rods and reduction of coordination bond between epoxy resin, coupling agent and metal atom, intuitively showing temperature increase at first and then trending to keep steady, but the maximum mechanical load keeps going down. After the soaked insulator is dried for a certain period of time, the moisture at the crimped interface will spread outward and the coordination bond between the coupling agent and the metal atoms will recover, enhancing the maximum mechanical load.
引文
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[22]DL/T 664-2008中国标准书号[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.
[23]王黎明,梁建瑜,戴罕奇,等.高电导率雾对复合绝缘子憎水性的影响[J].电网技术,2014,38(7):1779-1785.Wang Liming,Liang Jianyu,Dai Hanqi,et al.Influence of high conductivity fog on the hydrophobicity of composite insulator[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(7):1779-1785(in Chinese).
[24]梁曦东,高岩峰.复合绝缘子酥朽断裂研究(一):酥朽断裂的主要特征、定义及判据[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(17):4778-4786.Liang Xidong,Gao Yanfeng.Study on decay-like fracture of composite insulator:Part I-the principal character,definition and criterion of decay-like fracture[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(17):4778-4786(in Chinese).
[2]范建斌,殷禹,张锦秀,等.复合绝缘子运行状况评估方法[J].电网技术,2006,30(12):24-28.Fan Jianbin,Yin Yu,Zhang Jinxiu,et al.Evaluation methods for operational status of composite insulators[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(12):24-28(in Chinese).
[3]关志成,刘瑛岩,周远翔,等.绝缘子及输变电设备外绝缘[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:8-143.
[4]崔江流,宿志一,易辉.我国硅橡胶合成绝缘子的应用与展望[J].中国电力,1999,32(1):38-41.Cui Jiangliu,Su Zhiyi,Yi Hui.The application and its prospect of silicone rubber composite insulators in China[J].Electric Power,1999,32(1):38-41(in Chinese).
[5]武怀永.复合绝缘子的力学性能研究[J].农村电气化,2005(10):48-49.Wu Huaiyong.Research on mechanical properties of composite insulators[J].Rural Electrification,2005(10):48-49(in Chinese).
[6]张福林.复合绝缘子压接连接界面机械性能的分析及结构参数的确定[J].电网技术,2001,25(1):47-48.Zhang Fulin.Transferring mechanism of mechanical property of press-tight joint interface for composite insulator and determination of assembling parameters[J].Power System Technology,2001,25(1):47-48(in Chinese).
[7]张福林,邸向辉.复合绝缘子压接连接界面金具部件塑变规律及其结构尺寸选择[J].电网技术,2001,25(4):54-56.Zhang Fulin,Di Xianghui.Plastic deformation law of end fitting at press tight joint interface of composite insulator and its structure size selection[J].Power System Technology,2001,25(4):54-56(in Chinese).
[8]张福林.复合绝缘子芯棒材质构成对压接连接界面结构组装参数的影响[J].电瓷避雷器,2000(3):9-11.Zhang Fulin.The effect of core composition of composite insulator on assembly parameter of press-tight joint inter-face[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2000(3):9-11(in Chinese).
[9]袁田,向铁元,代静,等.棒形复合绝缘子芯棒吸湿问题的分析与对策[J].高电压技术,2014,40(11):3468-3476.Yuan Tian,Xiang Tieyuan,Dai Jing,et al.The analysis and solutions of moisture absorption of fiber reinforced plastic rods[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(11):3468-3476(in Chinese).
[10]张大全,车德竞,张万友,等.合成绝缘子端部金具的缝隙腐蚀研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(3):86-90.Zhang Daquan,Che Dejing,Zhang Wanyou,et al.Study on crevice corrosion of end-fitted metallic hardware of composite insulator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(3):86-90(in Chinese).
[11]冉学彬,鲁兹,成立,等.500 k V复合绝缘子脆断事故研究与劣化机理分析[J].高压电器,2013,49(9):35-43.Ran Xuebin,Lu Ci,Cheng Li,et al.Fracture fault analysis and aging mechanism study for 500 k V composite insulator[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(9):35-43(in Chinese).
[12]Komai K,Shiroshita S,Kilidjian G.Influence of water on mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of CFRP/aramid honeycomb core sandwich beam[J].Materials Science Research International,1995,1(4):226-231.
[13]王黎明,张中浩,成立,等.复合绝缘子护套受潮对端部异常温差的影响[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):608-613.Wang Liming,Zhang Zhonghao,Cheng Li,et al.Effect of damp sheath on abnormal temperature rise at end of composite insulator[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):608-613(in Chinese).
[14]王家福,高岩峰,梁曦东.复合绝缘子芯棒在表面微电流作用下的水解[J].高电压技术,2014,40(3):843-852.Wang Jiafu,Gao Yanfeng,Liang Xidong.Hydrolysis of composite insulator core in condition of micro surface current[J].High Voltage Technology,2014,40(3):843-852(in Chinese).
[15]Jiang X,Kolstein H,Bijlaard F,et al.Effects of hygrothermal aging on glass-fiber reinforced polymer laminates and adhesive of FRPcomposite bridge:moisture diffusion characteristics[J].Composites Part A-Applied Science and Manufacturing,2014(57):49-58.
[16]Joliff Y,Rekik W,Belec L,et al.Study of the moisture/stress effects on glass fibre/epoxy composite and the impact of the interphase area[J].Composite Structures,2014(108):876-885.
[17]周定沛.粘接配位键机理的实验研究(二):环氧胶对金属的粘接[J].粘接,1987,8(4):1-5.Zhou Dingpei.Study on the mechanism of bonding coordination bonds,Part II:epoxy adhesive to metal bonding[J].Adhes Chin,1987,8(4):1-5(in Chinese).
[18]Megel M,Kumosa L,Ely T,et al.Initiation of stress-corrosion cracking in unidirectional glass/polymer composite materials[J].Composites Science and Technology,2001,61(2):231-246.
[19]余涛,杨新华.压接式复合绝缘子接头处的破坏分析[J].水电能源科学,2010,28(10):139-141.Yu Tao,Yang Xinhua.Failure analysis of connector of crimp-style composite insulator[J].Water Resources and Power,2010,28(10):139-141(in Chinese).
[20]DL/T 810-2012中国标准书号[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.
[21]GB/T 22079-2008中国标准书号[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[22]DL/T 664-2008中国标准书号[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.
[23]王黎明,梁建瑜,戴罕奇,等.高电导率雾对复合绝缘子憎水性的影响[J].电网技术,2014,38(7):1779-1785.Wang Liming,Liang Jianyu,Dai Hanqi,et al.Influence of high conductivity fog on the hydrophobicity of composite insulator[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(7):1779-1785(in Chinese).
[24]梁曦东,高岩峰.复合绝缘子酥朽断裂研究(一):酥朽断裂的主要特征、定义及判据[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(17):4778-4786.Liang Xidong,Gao Yanfeng.Study on decay-like fracture of composite insulator:Part I-the principal character,definition and criterion of decay-like fracture[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(17):4778-4786(in Chinese).