废弃农药厂拆除过程对周边土壤DDTs污染影响
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摘要
分4批次分别采集某废弃农药厂拆除前和拆除后周边土壤,研究土壤中DDTs含量、分布和组成的变化特征.结果表明,拆除1个月后,土壤中DDTs残留量(平均为334ng/g)明显大于拆除前(平均为97.0ng/g),之后土壤中DDTs的残留量明显下降.拆除前,周边土壤中以p,p′-DDE和p,p′-DDD为主,平均浓度分别为35.6和31.0ng/g;拆除后以p,p′-DDT为主要残留污染物,平均浓度为289ng/g,较拆除前(9.69ng/g)增长了28.9倍.来源分析表明,农药厂拆除前周边土壤中DDTs的污染主要受厂区内历史工业品DDTs生产和农田使用的三氯杀螨醇共同影响,而拆除过程周边土壤DDTs污染的贡献主要来自于厂区内工业品DDTs的挥发.在空间分布上,拆除前和拆除后整体上西部区域土壤的污染程度高于东部区域.
The concentrations, distributions and compositions of DDTs in surrounding soils collected four times from a closed pesticides manufacturing plant were studied, respectively, before and after the demolition of the plant. The results showed that the concentrations of DDTs(average 334ng/g) in soils collected one month after the plant demolished were higher than those obtained(average 97.0ng/g) two months before the demolition. After that, a significant decrease was seen for the concentration of DDTs in surrounding soils. Before demolistion, p,p'-DDE(average 35.6ng/g) and p,p'-DDD(average 31.0ng/g) were the main congeners in surrounding soils, whilist p,p'-DDT(average 289ng/g) was the predominant congener in the soils after demolition, which was about 28.9tims of that detected in surrounding soils before the plant demolition. The historical production of technical DDT and usage of dicofol in surrounding agricultural soils were the main reasons for the concentrations of DDTs in surrounding soils, while the volatilization of technical DDTs was the main contribution for the concentration of DDTs in surrounding soils during the plant demolishing. The spatial distribution of DDT concentrations in surrounding soil is usually dominated by the wind, and the east wind is the prevailing wind direction in this area, which resulted in higher concentrations of DDTs in the western area than those in the eastern area both before and after the plant demolished.
The concentrations, distributions and compositions of DDTs in surrounding soils collected four times from a closed pesticides manufacturing plant were studied, respectively, before and after the demolition of the plant. The results showed that the concentrations of DDTs(average 334ng/g) in soils collected one month after the plant demolished were higher than those obtained(average 97.0ng/g) two months before the demolition. After that, a significant decrease was seen for the concentration of DDTs in surrounding soils. Before demolistion, p,p'-DDE(average 35.6ng/g) and p,p'-DDD(average 31.0ng/g) were the main congeners in surrounding soils, whilist p,p'-DDT(average 289ng/g) was the predominant congener in the soils after demolition, which was about 28.9tims of that detected in surrounding soils before the plant demolition. The historical production of technical DDT and usage of dicofol in surrounding agricultural soils were the main reasons for the concentrations of DDTs in surrounding soils, while the volatilization of technical DDTs was the main contribution for the concentration of DDTs in surrounding soils during the plant demolishing. The spatial distribution of DDT concentrations in surrounding soil is usually dominated by the wind, and the east wind is the prevailing wind direction in this area, which resulted in higher concentrations of DDTs in the western area than those in the eastern area both before and after the plant demolished.
引文
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[8]燕云仲,薛南冬,周玲莉,等.挖掘扰动对污染场地空气中六六六_滴滴涕分布的影响[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(6):642-648.
[9]丛鑫,薛南冬,梁刚,等.某有机氯农药企业搬迁遗留场地表层土壤中污染物残留特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3):850-854.
[10]赵娜娜,黄启飞,王琪,等.滴滴涕在我国典型POPs污染场地中的空间分布研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(10):1669-1674.
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[13]朱晓华,杨永亮,静潘,等.广州部分区域表层土壤中有机氯农药分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(5):519-525.
[14]Ji T,Lin T,Wang F,et al.Seasonal variation of organochlorine pesticides in the gaseous phase and aerosols over the East China Sea[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,109:31-41.
[15]Yeo H-G,Choi M,Sunwoo Y.Seasonal variations in atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in urban and rural areas of Korea[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(28):4779-4788.
[16]Qu C K,Xing X L,Albanese S,et al.Spatial and seasonal variations of atmospheric organochlorine pesticides along the plain-mountain transect in central China:Regional source vs.long-range transport and air–soil exchange[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,122:31-40.
[17]陈敏,陈莉,黄平.乌鲁木齐地区土壤中有机氯农药残留特征及来源分析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(7):1838-1846.
[18]丛鑫,燕云仲,杨薛,等.污染场地不同深度土壤有机-矿质复合体中有机氯农药的分布[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(8):2882-2886.
[19]Chiu S W,Ho K M,Chan S S,et al.Characterization of contamination in and toxicities of a shipyard area in Hong Kong[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,142(3):512-520.
[20]Xin J,Liu X,Liu W,et al.Production and use of DDT containing antifouling paint resulted in high DDTs residue in three paint factory sites and two shipyard sites,China[J].Chemosphere,2011,84(3):342-347.
[21]Liu X,Zhang G,LI J,et al.Seasonal Patterns and Current Sources of DDTs,Chlordanes,Hexachlorobenzene,and Endosulfan in the Atmosphere of 37Chinese Cities[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2009,43(5):1316–1321.
[22]Yang X,Wang S,Bian Y,et al.Dicofol application resulted in high DDTs residue in cotton fields from northern Jiangsu province,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,150(1):92-98.
[23]Manaca M N,Grimalt J O,Gari M,et al.Assessment of exposure to DDT and metabolites after indoor residual spraying through the analysis of thatch material from rural African dwellings[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2011,19(3):756-762.
[24]Qiu X,Zhu T,Yao B,et al.Contribution of dicofol to the current DDT pollution in China[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39(4385–4390).
[25]Bosch C,Grimalt J O,Fernández P.Enantiomeric fraction and isomeric composition to assess sources of DDT residues in soils[J].Chemosphere,2015,138:40-46.
[26]Zhang L F,Dong L,Shi S X,et al.Organochlorine pesticides contamination in surface soils from two pesticide factories in Southeast China[J].Chemosphere,2009,77(5):628-633.
[27]张家泉,祁士华,谭凌智,等.福建武夷山北段土壤中有机氯农药的残留及空间分布[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(4):662-667.
[28]Kima Y-S,Euna H,Kataseb T,et al.Vertical distributions of persistent organic pollutants(POPs)caused from organochlorine pesticides in a sediment core taken from Ariake bay,Japan[J].Chemosphere,2007,67(3):456-463.
[2]Harner T,Bidleman T F,Jantunen L M.Soil-air exchange model of persistent pesticides in the United States cotton belt[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2001,20(7):1612-1621.
[3]Yang R Q,Jiang G B,Zhou Q F,et al.Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides(HCH and DDT)in sediments collected from East China Sea.[J].Environment International,2005,31(6):799–804.
[4]Jürgens M D,Crosse J,Hamilton P B,et al.The long shadow of our chemical past-High DDT concentrations in fish near a former agrochemicals factory in England[J].Chemosphere,2016,162:333-344.
[5]Jan M R,Shah J,Khawaja M A,et al.DDT residue in soil and water in and around abandoned DDT manufacturing factory[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2009,155(1-4):31-38.
[6]蘧丹,姜世中,唐阵武,等.废弃生产场地有机氯农药的残留与迁移特征[J].岩矿测试,2013,32(4):649-658.
[7]张石磊,薛南冬,杨兵,等.有机氯农药污染场地挖掘过程中污染物的分布及健康风险[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):686-693.
[8]燕云仲,薛南冬,周玲莉,等.挖掘扰动对污染场地空气中六六六_滴滴涕分布的影响[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(6):642-648.
[9]丛鑫,薛南冬,梁刚,等.某有机氯农药企业搬迁遗留场地表层土壤中污染物残留特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3):850-854.
[10]赵娜娜,黄启飞,王琪,等.滴滴涕在我国典型POPs污染场地中的空间分布研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(10):1669-1674.
[11]Liu W B,Li C L,Zheng M H,et al.Distribution of DDT in a Typical DDT Waste Contaminated Site[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2008,80(3):280-282.
[12]?krbi?B D,Marinkovi?V,Anti?I,et al.Seasonal variation and health risk assessment of organochlorine compounds in urban soils of Novi Sad,Serbia[J].Chemosphere,2017,181:101-110.
[13]朱晓华,杨永亮,静潘,等.广州部分区域表层土壤中有机氯农药分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(5):519-525.
[14]Ji T,Lin T,Wang F,et al.Seasonal variation of organochlorine pesticides in the gaseous phase and aerosols over the East China Sea[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,109:31-41.
[15]Yeo H-G,Choi M,Sunwoo Y.Seasonal variations in atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in urban and rural areas of Korea[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(28):4779-4788.
[16]Qu C K,Xing X L,Albanese S,et al.Spatial and seasonal variations of atmospheric organochlorine pesticides along the plain-mountain transect in central China:Regional source vs.long-range transport and air–soil exchange[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,122:31-40.
[17]陈敏,陈莉,黄平.乌鲁木齐地区土壤中有机氯农药残留特征及来源分析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(7):1838-1846.
[18]丛鑫,燕云仲,杨薛,等.污染场地不同深度土壤有机-矿质复合体中有机氯农药的分布[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(8):2882-2886.
[19]Chiu S W,Ho K M,Chan S S,et al.Characterization of contamination in and toxicities of a shipyard area in Hong Kong[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,142(3):512-520.
[20]Xin J,Liu X,Liu W,et al.Production and use of DDT containing antifouling paint resulted in high DDTs residue in three paint factory sites and two shipyard sites,China[J].Chemosphere,2011,84(3):342-347.
[21]Liu X,Zhang G,LI J,et al.Seasonal Patterns and Current Sources of DDTs,Chlordanes,Hexachlorobenzene,and Endosulfan in the Atmosphere of 37Chinese Cities[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2009,43(5):1316–1321.
[22]Yang X,Wang S,Bian Y,et al.Dicofol application resulted in high DDTs residue in cotton fields from northern Jiangsu province,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,150(1):92-98.
[23]Manaca M N,Grimalt J O,Gari M,et al.Assessment of exposure to DDT and metabolites after indoor residual spraying through the analysis of thatch material from rural African dwellings[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2011,19(3):756-762.
[24]Qiu X,Zhu T,Yao B,et al.Contribution of dicofol to the current DDT pollution in China[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39(4385–4390).
[25]Bosch C,Grimalt J O,Fernández P.Enantiomeric fraction and isomeric composition to assess sources of DDT residues in soils[J].Chemosphere,2015,138:40-46.
[26]Zhang L F,Dong L,Shi S X,et al.Organochlorine pesticides contamination in surface soils from two pesticide factories in Southeast China[J].Chemosphere,2009,77(5):628-633.
[27]张家泉,祁士华,谭凌智,等.福建武夷山北段土壤中有机氯农药的残留及空间分布[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(4):662-667.
[28]Kima Y-S,Euna H,Kataseb T,et al.Vertical distributions of persistent organic pollutants(POPs)caused from organochlorine pesticides in a sediment core taken from Ariake bay,Japan[J].Chemosphere,2007,67(3):456-463.