圆锥形风机清选室气流场数值模拟与试验
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摘要
针对横置轴流联合收获机圆柱形风机产生的气流场不能解决脱出混合物在振动筛筛面堆集的问题,设计了圆锥形风机,阐述了圆锥形风机利用横向风优化脱出物筛面分布来改善清选质量的工作原理。根据清选室实际结构和尺寸建立了三维模型,利用CFDesign软件对无物料状态下圆柱形风机与不同锥度圆锥形风机作用下清选室气流场进行了数值模拟。利用布点法对不同类型风机作用下清选室气流场风速进行了测量,并通过物料分布对比试验和田间试验,验证了圆锥形风机的工作性能。结果表明:圆锥形风机作用下,清选室内产生明显的沿振动筛筛宽方向指向排草口一侧的横向风,当圆锥形风机锥度为3. 5°时,清选室气流场风速分布情况较为理想,在振动筛入口一角(下落物料最多的部位)产生的横向风速达到2. 68 m/s;与圆柱形风机相比,圆锥形风机作用下脱出物堆集中心点部位物料质量减少27. 66%,主下落区脱出物质量占脱出物总质量的比值降低10. 53个百分点,可使脱出混合物在筛分前得到预均布处理。圆锥形风机作用下,联合收获机损失率、含杂率和破碎率明显优于行业标准规定值,且与圆柱形风机相比,含杂率指标得到显著改善。
In order to solve the unmatched problem between airflow field generated by traditional cylindrical fan of vibrating screening transverse axial flow combined harvester and the distribution of separated mixture on the screen surface,a conical centrifugal cleaning fan was designed and its working principle was described,which can improve the quality of cleaning by optimization of cross wind.According to the actual structure,a three-dimensional model of the cleaning device was established and a numerical simulation of the flow field distribution of cleaning room under the action of cylindrical cleaning fan and conical cleaning fan with different taper blades was conducted by using the CFDesign software.The results showed that the transverse wind was obviously produced by the conical cleaning fan along with the direction of screen width. The speed of transverse wind was increased with the increase of taper value of the fan blade,but the speed of longitudinal wind along the length of the vibrating screen was decreased with the taper value of the fan blade. The area of low wind speed zone at middle position of the vibrating screen also became larger, which was detrimental to the cleaning of mixture. The best velocity distribution of the cleaning room was appeared when the taper value of the fan blade was 3. 5°. The experiment of the flow field under different types of cleaning fans was conducted by using the distributingpoint method. The results showed that the speed of transverse wind at the corner of the entrance of the vibrating screen can reach 2. 68 m/s,and the speed of transverse wind at middle position of vibrating screen can reach 2. 07 m/s,which was obviously bigger than the value produced by the cylindrical cleaning fan and beneficial to the distribution of the separated mixture along with the screen width. At the end of the screen length,the speed of the longitudinal wind produced by the conical cleaning fan was0. 78 m/s,which was smaller than the longitudinal speed and helped to reduce the loss of grain cleaning.The distribution experiment was also conducted for the action of cylindrical cleaning fan and the conical cleaning fan. The results showed that the weight of mixture in main falling area made up 59. 21% of the weight of all mixture under the action of conical fan and the number of cylindrical fan was 69. 74%. The offset location where the maximum weight mixture appeared under the action of conical fan was adjusted to166 mm along the width direction compared with cylindrical fan,and the weight dropped by about27. 66%. It was verified that the conical fan can apply the transverse wind to blow away the mixture gathered in the inlet of the vibrating screen,which was conducive to improve the cleaning quality. Field experiment was conducted and the results showed that the performance indexes of combine harvester furnished with conical fan,including loss rate,impurity rate and crushing rate were obviously better than those stipulated in occupation standards. It can reduce the impurity rate index of combine harvester obviously,contrasting the conical fan with cylindrical fan.
In order to solve the unmatched problem between airflow field generated by traditional cylindrical fan of vibrating screening transverse axial flow combined harvester and the distribution of separated mixture on the screen surface,a conical centrifugal cleaning fan was designed and its working principle was described,which can improve the quality of cleaning by optimization of cross wind.According to the actual structure,a three-dimensional model of the cleaning device was established and a numerical simulation of the flow field distribution of cleaning room under the action of cylindrical cleaning fan and conical cleaning fan with different taper blades was conducted by using the CFDesign software.The results showed that the transverse wind was obviously produced by the conical cleaning fan along with the direction of screen width. The speed of transverse wind was increased with the increase of taper value of the fan blade,but the speed of longitudinal wind along the length of the vibrating screen was decreased with the taper value of the fan blade. The area of low wind speed zone at middle position of the vibrating screen also became larger, which was detrimental to the cleaning of mixture. The best velocity distribution of the cleaning room was appeared when the taper value of the fan blade was 3. 5°. The experiment of the flow field under different types of cleaning fans was conducted by using the distributingpoint method. The results showed that the speed of transverse wind at the corner of the entrance of the vibrating screen can reach 2. 68 m/s,and the speed of transverse wind at middle position of vibrating screen can reach 2. 07 m/s,which was obviously bigger than the value produced by the cylindrical cleaning fan and beneficial to the distribution of the separated mixture along with the screen width. At the end of the screen length,the speed of the longitudinal wind produced by the conical cleaning fan was0. 78 m/s,which was smaller than the longitudinal speed and helped to reduce the loss of grain cleaning.The distribution experiment was also conducted for the action of cylindrical cleaning fan and the conical cleaning fan. The results showed that the weight of mixture in main falling area made up 59. 21% of the weight of all mixture under the action of conical fan and the number of cylindrical fan was 69. 74%. The offset location where the maximum weight mixture appeared under the action of conical fan was adjusted to166 mm along the width direction compared with cylindrical fan,and the weight dropped by about27. 66%. It was verified that the conical fan can apply the transverse wind to blow away the mixture gathered in the inlet of the vibrating screen,which was conducive to improve the cleaning quality. Field experiment was conducted and the results showed that the performance indexes of combine harvester furnished with conical fan,including loss rate,impurity rate and crushing rate were obviously better than those stipulated in occupation standards. It can reduce the impurity rate index of combine harvester obviously,contrasting the conical fan with cylindrical fan.
引文
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[4]王志明,吕彭民,陈霓,等.横置差速轴流脱分选系统设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(12):53-61.WANG Zhiming,LPengmin,CHEN Ni,et al. Experimental study on axial flow differential-speed threshing-separatingcleaning unit[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(12):53-61. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20161208&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 12. 008.(in Chinese)
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[8]唐忠,李耀明,李洪昌,等.联合收获机风筛式清选装置清选室内涡流试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(12):62-66.TANG Zhong,LI Yaoming,LI Hongchang,et al. Analysis on the eddy current of air-and-screen cleaning device[J].Transaction of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(12):62-66.(in Chinese)
[9]江涛,吴崇友,伍德林.基于Fluent的联合收割机风筛式流场仿真分析[J].中国农机化学报,2015,36(3):26-29.JIANG Tao,WU Chongyou,WU Delin. Simulation analysis of wind screen flow field for combine harvester based on Fluent[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2015,36(3):26-29.(in Chinese)
[10]李洪昌,李耀明,徐立章,等.风筛式清选装置气流场的数值模拟与分析[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(4):378-382.LI Hongchang,LI Yaoming,XU Lizhang,et al. Numerical simulation and analysis on flow field of air-and-screen cleaning mechanism[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Edition),2010,31(4):378-382.(in Chinese)
[11]童水光,沈强,唐宁,等.纵轴流清选装置混合流场数值模拟与优化试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):135-142.TONG Shuiguang,SHEN Qiang,TANG Ning,et al. Numerical simulation and optimization experiment of mixed flow field onlongitudinal axial flow cleaning device[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):135-142. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160719&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 07. 019.(in Chinese)
[12]徐立章,于丽娟,李耀明,等.双出风口多风道离心风机内部流场数值模拟[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(10):78-86.XU Lizhang,YU Lijuan,LI Yaoming,et al. Numerical simulation of internal flow field on a centrifugal fan with double-outlets and multiple air-duct[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(10):78-86. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20141013&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2014. 10. 013.(in Chinese)
[13]樊晨龙,崔涛,张东兴,等.纵轴流联合收获机双层异向清选装置设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(增刊):239-248.FAN Chenlong,CUI Tao,ZHANG Dongxing,et al. Design and experiment of double-layered reverse cleaning device for axial flow combine harvester[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(Supp.):239-248.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=2018s032&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. S0. 032.(in Chinese)
[14]任述光,谢方平,王修善,等. 4LZ-0. 8型水稻联合收割机清选装置气固两相分离作业机理[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):16-22.REN Shuguang,XIE Fangping,WANG Xiushan,et al. Gas-solid two-phase separation operation mechanism for 4LZ-0. 8 rice combine harvester cleaning device[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(12):16-22.(in Chinese)
[15] MEKONNEN G G,JOSSE D B,MARTINE B. Effect of a cross-flow opening on the performance of a centrifugal fan in a combine harvester computational and experimental study[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2010,105(2):247-256.
[16] MEKONNEN G G,JOSSE D B,MARTINE B. Numerical and experimental study of a cross-flow fan for combine cleaning shoes[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2010,106(4):448-458.
[17] YUKO U,MASAMI M,EIJI I,et al. Turbulent flow characteristics of the cleaning wind in combine harvester[J].Engineering in Agriculture,Environment and Food,2012,5(3):102-106.
[18] CASARSA L,GIANNATTASIO P. Experimental study of the three-dimensional flow field in cross-flow fans[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2011,35(6):948-959.
[19] GEERT C,WOUTER S,BART M,et al. A genetic input selection methodology for identification of the cleaning process on a combine harvester,Part I:selection of relevant input variables for identification of the sieve losses[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2007,98(2):166-175.
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