利用改进型图像信息方法研究玉树地震前电离层电子浓度异常现象
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摘要
简单扼要地介绍了DEMETER卫星的发展历程、电离层地震前兆异常的识别和提取方法以及改进型图像信息方法(Modified Pattern Informatics method,简称MPI方法)的具体计算过程。笔者利用MPI方法处理了2010年4月13日23时49分(世界时)玉树MS7.1地震前1个月震中上空30°×50°范围内DEMETER卫星监测到的电离层电子浓度,生成时空演化图像。结果显示,2010年3月16—28日玉树震中上空电子浓度变化较为平缓;3月30日震中上空南部开始出现电子浓度高值异常;随着发震时刻的临近,震中上空电子浓度高值异常逐渐显著;玉树地震发生当日(4月13日)研究区域上空电子浓度最为显著。从研究结果我们可以看出,MPI方法在提取DEMETER卫星数据的地震异常方面有一定的时空鉴别力。
This paper briefly introduces the development course of the DEMETER satellite,the identification and extraction method of the anomaly of ionospheric earthquake precursor,and the specific calculation process of modified pattern informatics method(referred as MPI method).Using the MPI method to process the ionospheric electron density data monitored by the DEMETER satellite within the scope of 30° × 50° above the epicenter,the spatio-temporal evolution images one month before April 13,2010 23:49(world time) Yushu MS7.1 earthquake was generated.The results showed that the change of electron density over the epicenter of Yushu was relatively gentle from March 16 to March 28,2010;An unusually high-value of electron density began to appear over the south of the epicenter on March 30;With the approaching of the shock moment,the high-value of electron density over the epicenter is significantly higher;The electron density over the epicenter of study area was the most significant on the day of the Yushu earthquake(April 13).The results of the study show that the MPI method has some spatio-temporal discrimination in extracting the seismic anomalies of DEMETER satellite data.
This paper briefly introduces the development course of the DEMETER satellite,the identification and extraction method of the anomaly of ionospheric earthquake precursor,and the specific calculation process of modified pattern informatics method(referred as MPI method).Using the MPI method to process the ionospheric electron density data monitored by the DEMETER satellite within the scope of 30° × 50° above the epicenter,the spatio-temporal evolution images one month before April 13,2010 23:49(world time) Yushu MS7.1 earthquake was generated.The results showed that the change of electron density over the epicenter of Yushu was relatively gentle from March 16 to March 28,2010;An unusually high-value of electron density began to appear over the south of the epicenter on March 30;With the approaching of the shock moment,the high-value of electron density over the epicenter is significantly higher;The electron density over the epicenter of study area was the most significant on the day of the Yushu earthquake(April 13).The results of the study show that the MPI method has some spatio-temporal discrimination in extracting the seismic anomalies of DEMETER satellite data.
引文
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[12]熊攀.小波方法在地震遥感信息提取中的应用[D].北京:中国地震局地震预测研究所,2009
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[16]张学民,刘静,钱家栋,等.西藏改则6.9级地震前的电离层电磁扰动[J].地震,2008,28(3):14-22
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[18]丁鉴海,申旭辉,潘威炎,等.地震电磁前兆研究进展[J].电波科学学报,2006,21(5):791-801
[19]张学民,申旭辉,钱家栋,等.我国地震电磁卫星数据分析及应用研究进展[J].地震,2009,29(增刊):34-45
[20]Rundle J B,Klein W,Turcotte D L.Precursory seismic activation and critical-point phenomena[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,2000,157(11-12):2165-2182
[21]Rundle J B,Klein W,Tiampo K,et al.Dynamics of seismicity patterns in systems of earthquake faults[J].Geo.Phys.Earthquakes,2000,120:127-146
[22]武安绪,张永仙,周元泽,等.基于改进型图像信息方法的汶川地震前电离层参量时空特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(10):2445-2457
[23]葛肖虹,王敏沛.玉树MS7.1地震成因及背景的分析与思考[J].地质力学学报,2011,17(1):55-63
[24]马玉虎,陈玉华.2010年4月14日玉树7.1级地震前异常特征及强震动力学关系探讨[J].中国地震,2011,27(2):136-146
[25]张丽芬,Fatchurochman I,姚运生,等.2010年玉树超剪切破裂地震破裂过程反演[J].地震地质,2014,36(1):52-61
[26]张学民,刘静,赵必强,等.玉树地震前的电离层异常现象分析[J].空间科学学报,2014,34(6):822-829
[27]Pulinets S A,Boyarchuk K A.Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes,Recent advanced in theory and practical applications[J].Terr.Atmos.Ocean.Sci.,2004,15(3):413-435
[28]Liperovsky V A,Meister C V,Liperovskaya E V,et al.On the possible influence of radon and aerosol injection on the atmosphere and ionosphere before earthquake[J].Nat.Hazard Earth Sys.,2005,5(6):783-789
[29]Shvets A V,Hayakawa M,Maekawa S.Results of subionospheric radio LF monitoring prior to the Tokachi(M=8,Hokkaido,25 September 2003)earthquake[J].Nat.Hazard Earth Sys.,2004,4(5/6):647-653
[2]肖骑彬,赵国泽,詹艳,等.地震电磁卫星交变电磁场的数据处理[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):674-678
[3]Calais E,Minster J B.GPS detection ionospheric perturbations following the January 17,1994,North hridge earthquake[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1995,22(9):1045-1048
[4]Zaslavski Y,Parrot M,Blanc E.Analysis of TEC measurements above active seismic regions[J].Phys.Earth Plan.Inter.,1998,105(3-4):219-228
[5]Elemo E O.Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies monitored registered by continous GPS TEC measutrments[J].Ann.Geophys.,2004,22(5):1585-1593
[6]尼鲁帕尔·买买吐孙,张永仙.地震电磁卫星电离层扰动研究进展综述[J].地震,2012,32(1):103-117
[7]夏彩韵.改进型PI方法提取地震电离层扰动异常的深入研究[D].北京:中国地震局地震预测研究所,2015
[8]欧阳新艳.地震电磁卫星观测物理量简介[J].国际地震动态,2007(8):54-58
[9]尼鲁帕尔·买买吐孙.PI算法提取DEMETER卫星地震电离层扰动异常的应用研究[D].北京:中国地震局地震预测研究所,2012
[10]朱荣.从卫星观测数据提取地震电离层前兆信息的初探[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2007
[11]欧阳新艳.利用DEMETER卫星数据提取地震异常的方法初探[D].北京:中国地震局地震预测研究所,2008
[12]熊攀.小波方法在地震遥感信息提取中的应用[D].北京:中国地震局地震预测研究所,2009
[13]王春红.基于DEMETER卫星地震电磁数据处理方法的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009
[14]Pulinets S A.Seismic activity as a source of the inonspheric variability[J].Adv.Space Res.,1998,22(6):903-906
[15]Chuo Y J,Chen Y I,Liu J Y,et al.Ionospheric fo F2 variations prior to strong earthquakes in Taiwan area[J].Adv.Space Res.,2001,27(6):1305-1310
[16]张学民,刘静,钱家栋,等.西藏改则6.9级地震前的电离层电磁扰动[J].地震,2008,28(3):14-22
[17]朱荣,杨冬梅,荆凤,等.从卫星观测数据提取地震前兆信息的震例研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2007,28(4):7-14
[18]丁鉴海,申旭辉,潘威炎,等.地震电磁前兆研究进展[J].电波科学学报,2006,21(5):791-801
[19]张学民,申旭辉,钱家栋,等.我国地震电磁卫星数据分析及应用研究进展[J].地震,2009,29(增刊):34-45
[20]Rundle J B,Klein W,Turcotte D L.Precursory seismic activation and critical-point phenomena[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,2000,157(11-12):2165-2182
[21]Rundle J B,Klein W,Tiampo K,et al.Dynamics of seismicity patterns in systems of earthquake faults[J].Geo.Phys.Earthquakes,2000,120:127-146
[22]武安绪,张永仙,周元泽,等.基于改进型图像信息方法的汶川地震前电离层参量时空特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(10):2445-2457
[23]葛肖虹,王敏沛.玉树MS7.1地震成因及背景的分析与思考[J].地质力学学报,2011,17(1):55-63
[24]马玉虎,陈玉华.2010年4月14日玉树7.1级地震前异常特征及强震动力学关系探讨[J].中国地震,2011,27(2):136-146
[25]张丽芬,Fatchurochman I,姚运生,等.2010年玉树超剪切破裂地震破裂过程反演[J].地震地质,2014,36(1):52-61
[26]张学民,刘静,赵必强,等.玉树地震前的电离层异常现象分析[J].空间科学学报,2014,34(6):822-829
[27]Pulinets S A,Boyarchuk K A.Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes,Recent advanced in theory and practical applications[J].Terr.Atmos.Ocean.Sci.,2004,15(3):413-435
[28]Liperovsky V A,Meister C V,Liperovskaya E V,et al.On the possible influence of radon and aerosol injection on the atmosphere and ionosphere before earthquake[J].Nat.Hazard Earth Sys.,2005,5(6):783-789
[29]Shvets A V,Hayakawa M,Maekawa S.Results of subionospheric radio LF monitoring prior to the Tokachi(M=8,Hokkaido,25 September 2003)earthquake[J].Nat.Hazard Earth Sys.,2004,4(5/6):647-653