断路器操作三维振动信号差异特征的研究
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摘要
针对单轴传感器在断路器中应用的缺陷与不足,为了获取更多断路器分合闸时的状态信息,利用三维振动传感器同步采集断路器操作时振动信号,在时域、频域方面以及时频联合对X、Y、Z 3个方向的信号进行分析对比。在时域方面,运用X、Y、Z3个方向振动信号各个特征和能量的分布;在频域方面,运用快速傅立叶算法得出频谱分布图和功率谱图;在时频联合方面,运用小波包分解将三维传感器信号进行分解,并求出能量在各节点的分布和Wigner-Ville分布,说明三轴传感器放置方向对断路器测量信号故障诊断正确率的影响。实验分析结果表明,三维振动传感器采集的断路器振动信号时频特征均有显著差异,可更全面反映断路器分合闸时的状态信息。
For the defects and deficiencies of single shaft sensor in the application of the circuit breaker, in order to obtain more comprehensive information about the circuit breaker operation, the circuit breaker operation vibration signal was acquire by the three-dimensional vibration sensor synchronization. Three directions of the signal are analyzed and compared in the time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain. In the time domain, three vibration directions of the signals of the characteristics and distribution of energy are taken by methods; in the frequency domain, spectrum distribution and power spectrum are acquired by fast Fourier transform; in time-frequency domain, the energy distribution of each node and Wigner-Ville distribution is obtained by wavelet packet decomposition, which illustrate the influence of circuit breaker measurement signal fault diagnosis accuracy in different placement direction of three axis sensor. The results show that there is a differences in frequency characteristic three-dimensional acceleration sensor vibration signal. Using three-dimensional vibration sensor can obtain more comprehensive information about the circuit breaker operation.
For the defects and deficiencies of single shaft sensor in the application of the circuit breaker, in order to obtain more comprehensive information about the circuit breaker operation, the circuit breaker operation vibration signal was acquire by the three-dimensional vibration sensor synchronization. Three directions of the signal are analyzed and compared in the time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain. In the time domain, three vibration directions of the signals of the characteristics and distribution of energy are taken by methods; in the frequency domain, spectrum distribution and power spectrum are acquired by fast Fourier transform; in time-frequency domain, the energy distribution of each node and Wigner-Ville distribution is obtained by wavelet packet decomposition, which illustrate the influence of circuit breaker measurement signal fault diagnosis accuracy in different placement direction of three axis sensor. The results show that there is a differences in frequency characteristic three-dimensional acceleration sensor vibration signal. Using three-dimensional vibration sensor can obtain more comprehensive information about the circuit breaker operation.
引文
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[15]季虎,夏胜平,郁文贤.快速傅里叶变换算法概述[J].现代电子技术,2001(8):11-14.JI Hu, XIA Shengping, YU Wenxian. Fast fourier transform algorithms[J]. Modern Electronic Technology,2001(8):11-14.
[16]何正友,陈小勤.基于多尺度能量统计和小波能量熵测度的电力暂态信号识别方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10):33-39.HE Zhengyou, CHEN Xiaoqin.Multiscale energy statistics and wavelet energy entropy in power system transient signals identification method[J]. Prpceeding of the CSEE, 2006,26(10):33-39.
[17]胡晓光,戴景民,纪延超,等.基于小波奇异性检测的高压断路器故障诊断[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(5):67-70.HU Xiaoguang, DAI Jingmin, JI Yanchao, et al. The fault diagnosis of high voltage breakers based on wavelet singularity detection[J]. Proceeding of the CSEE, 2001,21(5):67-70.
[18]郭奇,刘卜瑜,史立波,等.基于二次EEMD的WignerVille分布旋转机械故障信号分析及试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(13):129-133.GUO Qi,LIU Buyu,SHI Libo,et al. Analysis and experimental study of rotating machinery fault signal based on emd secondary wigner-ville distribution[J]. Vibration and Shock,2012,31(13):129-133.
[19]来五星,轩建平,史铁林,等.Wigner-Ville时频分布研究及其在齿轮故障诊断中的应用[J].振动工程学报,2003,16(2):247-250.LAI Wuxing, XU AN Jianping, SHI Tielin, et al. Study on gear fault diagnosis by wigner-ville time-frequency distribution[J]. Vibration Engineering,2003,16(2):247-250.
[2]杨晓军.断路器机械特性检测装置设计[D].天津:天津大学,2006.YANG Xiaojun. Design of circuit breaker mechanical properties testing device[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University,2006.
[3]关永刚,黄瑜珑.基于振动信号的高压断路器机械故障诊断[J].高电压技术,2000,26(3):66-68.GUAN Yonggang, HUANG Yulong. High voltage circuit breaker mechanical fault diagnosis based on vibration signal[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2000,26(3):66-68.
[4]陈尚.基于多信息融合的断路器故障识别研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2015.CHEN Shang. Research on circuit breaker fault recognition based on multi information fusion[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2015.
[5]院一敏,李宗恩,武晓明.运行中电力变压器表面三维振动信号小波分析[J].电测与仪表,2015,52(15):96-100.YUAN Yimin, LI Zong'en, WU Xiaoming. Wavelet analysis on three-dimensional surface vibration signal of the running power transformer[J]. Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2015,52(15):96-100.
[6]孙来军,胡晓光,纪延超.一种基于振动信号的高压断路器故障诊断新方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(6):157-161.SUN Laijun, HU Xiaoguang, JI Yanchao.A new method of fault diagnosis for high voltage circuit breaker based on vibration signal[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2006, 26(6):157-161.
[7] HUANG J, HU X G, GENG. X. An intelligent fault diagnosis method of high voltage circuit breaker based on im-proved EMD energy entropy and multi-class support vector machine[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2011,81(2):400-407.
[8]常广,王毅,王玮.采用振动信号零相位滤波时频熵的高压断路器机械故障诊断[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(3):155-162.CHANG Guang, WANG Yi, WANG Wei. Mechanical fault diagnosis of high voltage circuit breakers utilizing zero-phase filter time-frequency entropy of vibration signal[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(3):155-162.
[9]关永刚,黄瑜珑,钱家骊.基于振动信号的高压断路器机械故障诊断[J].高电压技术,2000,26(3):66-68.GUAN Yonggang, HUANG Yulong, QIAN Jiali. An overview on mechanical failure diagnosis technique for high voltage circuit breaker based on vibration signal[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2000,26(3):66-68.
[10]常广,张振乾,王毅.高压断路器机械故障振动诊断综述[J].高压电器,2011,47(8):85-89.CHANG Guang,ZHANG Zhenqian, WANG Yi. Review on mechanical fault diagnosis of high-voltage circuit breakers based on Vibration diagnosis[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(8):85-89.
[11]陈涛.一种新的支持向量机混合集成算法[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(21):5312-5315.CHEN Tao. A new hybrid SVM ensemble algorithm[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(21):5312-5315.
[12] MENG Y P,JIA S L,SHI Z Q,et al. The detection of the closing moments of a vacuum circuit breaker by vibration analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(2):652-658.
[13]马强,荣命哲,贾申利.基于振动信号小波包提取和短时能量分析的高压断路器合闸同期性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(13):149-154.MA Qiang, RONG Mingzhe, JIA Shenli. Study of switching synchronization of high voltage breakers based on the wavelet packets extraction algorithm and short time analysis method[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(13):149-154.
[14]赖达波.某齿轮箱故障振动信号特征提取及分析技术研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2013.LAI Dabo. Study on feature extraction and analysis technology for a gearbox fault vibration signal[D]. Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology,2013.
[15]季虎,夏胜平,郁文贤.快速傅里叶变换算法概述[J].现代电子技术,2001(8):11-14.JI Hu, XIA Shengping, YU Wenxian. Fast fourier transform algorithms[J]. Modern Electronic Technology,2001(8):11-14.
[16]何正友,陈小勤.基于多尺度能量统计和小波能量熵测度的电力暂态信号识别方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10):33-39.HE Zhengyou, CHEN Xiaoqin.Multiscale energy statistics and wavelet energy entropy in power system transient signals identification method[J]. Prpceeding of the CSEE, 2006,26(10):33-39.
[17]胡晓光,戴景民,纪延超,等.基于小波奇异性检测的高压断路器故障诊断[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(5):67-70.HU Xiaoguang, DAI Jingmin, JI Yanchao, et al. The fault diagnosis of high voltage breakers based on wavelet singularity detection[J]. Proceeding of the CSEE, 2001,21(5):67-70.
[18]郭奇,刘卜瑜,史立波,等.基于二次EEMD的WignerVille分布旋转机械故障信号分析及试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(13):129-133.GUO Qi,LIU Buyu,SHI Libo,et al. Analysis and experimental study of rotating machinery fault signal based on emd secondary wigner-ville distribution[J]. Vibration and Shock,2012,31(13):129-133.
[19]来五星,轩建平,史铁林,等.Wigner-Ville时频分布研究及其在齿轮故障诊断中的应用[J].振动工程学报,2003,16(2):247-250.LAI Wuxing, XU AN Jianping, SHI Tielin, et al. Study on gear fault diagnosis by wigner-ville time-frequency distribution[J]. Vibration Engineering,2003,16(2):247-250.