自身免疫性脑炎相关的快速进展性痴呆诊治进展
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摘要
自身免疫性脑炎(autoimmune encephalitis,AE)是快速进展性痴呆的重要可治性病因,早期诊断及治疗是改善预后的关键。本文主要从流行病学、发病机制、诊治方面对AE导致的快速进展性痴呆进行总结。
Autoimmune encephalitis(AE)is an important curable cause of rapidly progressive dementia,and early diagnosis and treatment of AE is the key to the improvement of prognosis. This article reviews rapidly progressive dementia associated with AE from the aspects of epidemiology,pathogenesis,and diagnosis and treatment.
Autoimmune encephalitis(AE)is an important curable cause of rapidly progressive dementia,and early diagnosis and treatment of AE is the key to the improvement of prognosis. This article reviews rapidly progressive dementia associated with AE from the aspects of epidemiology,pathogenesis,and diagnosis and treatment.
引文
[1]Geschwind MD,Haman A,Miller BL.Rapidly progressive dementia[J].Neurologic Clinics,2007,25(3):783-807,vii.
[2]Geschwind MD.Rapidly progressive dementia[J].Continuum:Lifelong Learning in Neurology,2016,22(2 Dementia):510-537.
[3]Anuja P,Venugopalan V,Darakhshan N,et al.Rapidly progressive dementia:an eight year(2008-2016)retrospective study[J].PLoS One,2018,13(1):e0189832.
[4]Day GS,Tangwai DF.When dementia progresses quickly:a practical approach to the diagnosis and management of rapidly progressive dementia[J].Neurodegenerative Disease Management,2014,4(1):41-56.
[5]Varley J,Taylor J,Irani SR.Autoantibody-mediated diseases of the CNS:structure,dysfunction and therapy[J].Neuropharmacology,2018,132:71-82.
[6]Gable MS,Sheriff H,Dalmau J,et al.Editor’s choice:the frequency of autoimmune N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis surpasses that of individual viral etiologies in young individuals enrolled in the California Encephalitis Project[J].Clin Infect Dis,2012,54(7):899-904.
[7]Kim TJ,Lee ST,Moon J,et al.Anti-LGI1 encephalitis is associated with unique HLA subtypes[J].Annals of Neurology,2017,81(2):183-192.
[8]Van SA,Roelen DL,Stoop JA,et al.Anti-LGI1 encephalitis is strongly associated with HLA-DR7 and HLA-DRB4[J].Annals of Neurology,2016,81(2):193.
[9]Gaig C,Graus F,Compta Y,et al.Clinical manifestations of the antiIgLON5 disease[J].Neurology,2017,88(18):1736.
[10]Long JM,Day GS.Autoimmune dementia[J].Seminars in Neurology,2018,38(3):303-315.
[11]Bradshaw MJ,Linnoila JJ.An overview of autoimmune and paraneoplastic encephalitides[J].Seminars in Neurology,2018,38(3):330-343.
[12]Dalmau J,Rosenfeld MR.Paraneoplastic syndromes of the CNS[J].Lancet Neurology,2008,7(4):327-340.
[13]Newman MP,Blum S,Wong RCW,et al.Autoimmune encephalitis[J].Internal Medicine Journal,2016,46(2):148-157.
[14]Spatola M,Sabater L,PlanagumàJ,et al.Encephalitis with mGluR5 antibodies:symptoms and antibody effects[J].Neurology,2018,90(22):e1964-1972.
[15]Hughes EG,Peng X,Gleichman AJ,et al.Cellular and synaptic mechanisms of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis[J].Journal of Neuroscience,2010,30(17):5866-5875.
[16]Fukata M,Yokoi N,Fukata Y.Neurobiology of autoimmune encephalitis[J].Current Opinion in Neurobiology,2017,48:1.
[17]Piepgras J,Holtje M,Michel K,et al.Anti-DPPX encephalitis:pathogenic effects of antibodies on gut and brain neurons[J].Neurology,2015,85(10):890-897.
[18]Heine J,Prüss H,Bartsch T,et al.Imaging of autoimmune encephalitis-relevance for clinical practice and hippocampal function[J].Neuroscience,2015,309:68-83.
[19]Schmitt SE,Pargeon K,Frechette ES,et al.Extreme delta brush:a unique EEG pattern in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis[J].Neurology,2012,79(11):1094-1100.
[20]Van AS,Thijs RD,Coenders EC,et al.Anti-LGI1 encephalitis:clinical syndrome and long-term follow-up[J].Neurology,2016,87(14):1449.
[21]Eric Lancaster.The diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis[J].Journal of Clinical Neurology(Seoul,Korea),2016,12(1):1-13.
[22]Graus F,Titulaer MJ,Balu R,et al.A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis[J].Lancet Neurology,2016,15(4):391-404.
[23]Lee SK,Lee ST.The Laboratory Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis[J].Journal of Epilepsy Research,2016,6(2):45-50.
[24]Kim AE,Kang P,Bucelli RC,et al.Autoimmune encephalitis with multiple autoantibodies:a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge[J].Neurologist,2018,23(2):55-59.
[25]Hébert J,Day GS,Steriade C,et al.Long-term cognitive outcomes in patients with autoimmune encephalitis[J].Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques,2018,45(5):540-544.
[26]Aydin C,Celik SY,I·coz S,et al.Prognostic factors in anti-neuronal antibody positive patients[J].Archives of Neuropsychiatry,2018,55(2):189-194.
[27]Titulaer MJ,Mccracken L,Gabilondo I,et al.Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-N-MethylD-Aspartate(NMDA)receptor encephalitis:a cohort study[J].Lancet Neurology,2013,12(2):157.
[28]Zhang L,Wu MQ,Hao ZL,et al.Clinical characteristics,treatments,and outcomes of patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis:a systematic review of reported cases[J].Epilepsy&Behavior,2017,68:57.
[29]Miya K,Takahashi Y,Mori H.Anti-NMDAR autoimmune encephalitis[J].Brain&Development,2014,36(8):645-652.
[2]Geschwind MD.Rapidly progressive dementia[J].Continuum:Lifelong Learning in Neurology,2016,22(2 Dementia):510-537.
[3]Anuja P,Venugopalan V,Darakhshan N,et al.Rapidly progressive dementia:an eight year(2008-2016)retrospective study[J].PLoS One,2018,13(1):e0189832.
[4]Day GS,Tangwai DF.When dementia progresses quickly:a practical approach to the diagnosis and management of rapidly progressive dementia[J].Neurodegenerative Disease Management,2014,4(1):41-56.
[5]Varley J,Taylor J,Irani SR.Autoantibody-mediated diseases of the CNS:structure,dysfunction and therapy[J].Neuropharmacology,2018,132:71-82.
[6]Gable MS,Sheriff H,Dalmau J,et al.Editor’s choice:the frequency of autoimmune N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis surpasses that of individual viral etiologies in young individuals enrolled in the California Encephalitis Project[J].Clin Infect Dis,2012,54(7):899-904.
[7]Kim TJ,Lee ST,Moon J,et al.Anti-LGI1 encephalitis is associated with unique HLA subtypes[J].Annals of Neurology,2017,81(2):183-192.
[8]Van SA,Roelen DL,Stoop JA,et al.Anti-LGI1 encephalitis is strongly associated with HLA-DR7 and HLA-DRB4[J].Annals of Neurology,2016,81(2):193.
[9]Gaig C,Graus F,Compta Y,et al.Clinical manifestations of the antiIgLON5 disease[J].Neurology,2017,88(18):1736.
[10]Long JM,Day GS.Autoimmune dementia[J].Seminars in Neurology,2018,38(3):303-315.
[11]Bradshaw MJ,Linnoila JJ.An overview of autoimmune and paraneoplastic encephalitides[J].Seminars in Neurology,2018,38(3):330-343.
[12]Dalmau J,Rosenfeld MR.Paraneoplastic syndromes of the CNS[J].Lancet Neurology,2008,7(4):327-340.
[13]Newman MP,Blum S,Wong RCW,et al.Autoimmune encephalitis[J].Internal Medicine Journal,2016,46(2):148-157.
[14]Spatola M,Sabater L,PlanagumàJ,et al.Encephalitis with mGluR5 antibodies:symptoms and antibody effects[J].Neurology,2018,90(22):e1964-1972.
[15]Hughes EG,Peng X,Gleichman AJ,et al.Cellular and synaptic mechanisms of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis[J].Journal of Neuroscience,2010,30(17):5866-5875.
[16]Fukata M,Yokoi N,Fukata Y.Neurobiology of autoimmune encephalitis[J].Current Opinion in Neurobiology,2017,48:1.
[17]Piepgras J,Holtje M,Michel K,et al.Anti-DPPX encephalitis:pathogenic effects of antibodies on gut and brain neurons[J].Neurology,2015,85(10):890-897.
[18]Heine J,Prüss H,Bartsch T,et al.Imaging of autoimmune encephalitis-relevance for clinical practice and hippocampal function[J].Neuroscience,2015,309:68-83.
[19]Schmitt SE,Pargeon K,Frechette ES,et al.Extreme delta brush:a unique EEG pattern in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis[J].Neurology,2012,79(11):1094-1100.
[20]Van AS,Thijs RD,Coenders EC,et al.Anti-LGI1 encephalitis:clinical syndrome and long-term follow-up[J].Neurology,2016,87(14):1449.
[21]Eric Lancaster.The diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis[J].Journal of Clinical Neurology(Seoul,Korea),2016,12(1):1-13.
[22]Graus F,Titulaer MJ,Balu R,et al.A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis[J].Lancet Neurology,2016,15(4):391-404.
[23]Lee SK,Lee ST.The Laboratory Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis[J].Journal of Epilepsy Research,2016,6(2):45-50.
[24]Kim AE,Kang P,Bucelli RC,et al.Autoimmune encephalitis with multiple autoantibodies:a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge[J].Neurologist,2018,23(2):55-59.
[25]Hébert J,Day GS,Steriade C,et al.Long-term cognitive outcomes in patients with autoimmune encephalitis[J].Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques,2018,45(5):540-544.
[26]Aydin C,Celik SY,I·coz S,et al.Prognostic factors in anti-neuronal antibody positive patients[J].Archives of Neuropsychiatry,2018,55(2):189-194.
[27]Titulaer MJ,Mccracken L,Gabilondo I,et al.Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-N-MethylD-Aspartate(NMDA)receptor encephalitis:a cohort study[J].Lancet Neurology,2013,12(2):157.
[28]Zhang L,Wu MQ,Hao ZL,et al.Clinical characteristics,treatments,and outcomes of patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis:a systematic review of reported cases[J].Epilepsy&Behavior,2017,68:57.
[29]Miya K,Takahashi Y,Mori H.Anti-NMDAR autoimmune encephalitis[J].Brain&Development,2014,36(8):645-652.