水氮合理配合对旱区温室番茄土壤酶活性与水氮利用效率的影响
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摘要
为获得旱区温室番茄水氮合理用量,以番茄品种‘金福莱’为试材,在日光温室内,设灌水量4 200、3 570和2 940 m~3·hm~(-2) 3个水平和施氮量190、380和570 kg·hm~(-2) 3个水平,采用二因素随机区组设计,研究水氮互作处理对土壤酶活性、番茄产量及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明:采用处理A5(灌水量3 570m~3·hm~(-2),施氮量380 kg·hm~(-2)),在番茄结果初期、中期和末期,土壤中的蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶的活性最高,其株高、茎粗、单株产量和经济产量等最优,分别为177.35 cm、1.24 cm、2.70 kg和98.40t·hm~(-2),在水氮互作处理A6(灌水量2 940 m~3·hm~(-2),施氮量380 kg·hm~(-2))和A1(灌水量4 200m~3·hm~(-2),施氮量为190 kg·hm~(-2))下,其灌溉水利用率和氮肥施用效率最高。
The water-nitrogen utilization efficiency and tomato yield and soil enzyme activity were studied to obtain the most suitable water-nitrogen application rate for dry greenhouse tomato,using two factor randomized block design,with three levels of irrigation water(4 200 m~3·hm~(-2),3 570 m~3·hm~(-2) and 2 940 m~3·hm~(-2))and nitrogen application rate(190 kg·hm~(-2),380 kg·hm~(-2) and 570 kg·hm~(-2)),respectively.The results showed that the treatment of A5(irrigation amount 3 570 m~3·hm~(-2),nitrogen application 380 kg·hm~(-2))led to the the highest activities of sucrase,urease,catalase and phosphatase in soil at early stage and middle stage and last stage of tomato fruit development,and gained the best performance of tomato in plant height(177.35 cm),stem diameter(1.24 cm),yield per plant(2.70 kg) and economic yield(98.40 t·hm~(-2)).The highest irrigation water utilization rate and nitrogen fertilizer application efficiency were detected in the A6(irrigation amount 2 940 m~3·hm~(-2),nitrogen application 380 kg·hm~(-2)) and A1(irrigation amount 4 200 m~3·hm~(-2),nitrogen application 190 kg·hm~(-2)) treatment.
The water-nitrogen utilization efficiency and tomato yield and soil enzyme activity were studied to obtain the most suitable water-nitrogen application rate for dry greenhouse tomato,using two factor randomized block design,with three levels of irrigation water(4 200 m~3·hm~(-2),3 570 m~3·hm~(-2) and 2 940 m~3·hm~(-2))and nitrogen application rate(190 kg·hm~(-2),380 kg·hm~(-2) and 570 kg·hm~(-2)),respectively.The results showed that the treatment of A5(irrigation amount 3 570 m~3·hm~(-2),nitrogen application 380 kg·hm~(-2))led to the the highest activities of sucrase,urease,catalase and phosphatase in soil at early stage and middle stage and last stage of tomato fruit development,and gained the best performance of tomato in plant height(177.35 cm),stem diameter(1.24 cm),yield per plant(2.70 kg) and economic yield(98.40 t·hm~(-2)).The highest irrigation water utilization rate and nitrogen fertilizer application efficiency were detected in the A6(irrigation amount 2 940 m~3·hm~(-2),nitrogen application 380 kg·hm~(-2)) and A1(irrigation amount 4 200 m~3·hm~(-2),nitrogen application 190 kg·hm~(-2)) treatment.
引文
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[21] 李娟,赵秉强,李秀英,等.长期有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(1):144-152.LI J,ZHAO B Q,LI X Y,et al.Effects of long-term combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil microbial properties and soil fertility [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(1):144-152.
[22] 夏雪,谷洁,车升国,等.施氮水平对塿土微生物群落和酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(8):1618-1627.XIA X,GU J,CHE SH G,et al.Effects of nitrogen application rates on microbial community and enzyme activities in Lou soil [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(8):1618-1627.
[23] 郭永盛,李鲁华,危常州,等.施氮肥对新疆荒漠草原生物量和土壤酶活性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(增刊1):249-256.GUO Y SH,LI L H,WEI CH ZH,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass amount and soil enzymes activity of desert grassland in Xinjiang [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(S1):249-256.
[24] 徐福利,梁银丽,张成娥,等.施肥对日光温室黄瓜生长和土壤生物学特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(7):1227-1230.XU F L,LIANG Y L,ZHANG CH E,et al.Effects of fertilization on cucumber growth and soil biological characteristics in sunlight greenhouse [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(7):1227-1230.
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[2] MIN J,ZHAO X,SHI W M.Nitrogen balance and loss in a greenhouse vegetable system in Southeastern China[J].Pedosphere,2011,21(4):464-472.
[3] 王俊华,尹睿,张华勇,等.长期定位施肥对农田土壤酶活性及其相关因素的影响[J].生态环境,2007,16(1):191-196.WANG J H,YIN R,ZHANG H Y,et al.Changes in soil enzyme activities ,microbial biomass,and soil nutrition status in response to fertilization regimes in a long-term field experiment [J].Ecology and Environment,2007,16(1):191-196.
[4] 马晓霞,王莲莲,黎青慧,等.长期施肥对玉米生育期土壤微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(17):5502-5511.MA X X,WANG L L,LI Q H,et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activities during maize growing season [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(17):5502-5511.
[5] 许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:249-251.XU G H,ZHENG H Y.Handbook of Soil Microbiological Analysis Methods [M].Beijing:Agricultural Press,1986:249-251.
[6] 张俊丽,高博,温晓霞,等.不同施氮措施对旱作玉米地土壤酶活性及CO2 排放量的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):6147-6154.ZHANG J L,GAO B,WEN X X,et al.Effects of different fertilizers on soil enzyme activities and CO2 emissions in dryland of maize [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(19):6147-6154.
[7] 王志明,朱培立,黄东迈,等.秸秆碳的田间还原分解和微生物量碳的周转特征[J].土壤学报,2003,40(3):446-453.WANG ZH M,ZHU P L,HUANG D M,et al.Straw carbon decomposition in situ in field and characteristics of soil biomass carbon turnover [J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(3):446-453.
[8] 杨万勤,王开运.土壤酶研究动态与发展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2002,8(5):564-570.YANG W Q,WANG K Y.Advances on soil enzymology [J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2002,8(5):564-570.
[9] 常学秀,文传浩,沈其荣,等.锌厂Pb污染农田小麦根际与非根际土壤酶活性特征研究[J].生态学杂志,2001,20(4):5-8.CHANG X X,WEN CH H,SHEN Q R,et al.Study on characteristics of enzyme activities in wheat rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils polluted by zinc smeltery[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2001,20(4):5-8.
[10] 杜连凤.长江三角洲地区菜地系统氮肥利用与土壤质量变异研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2005.DU L F.The nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and soil quality variation of vegetable-soil system in Yangse delta area [D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2005.
[11] 肖新,朱伟,肖靓,等.适宜的水氮处理提高稻基农田土壤酶活性和土壤微生物量碳氮[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(21):91-98.XIAO X,ZHU W,XIAO J,et al.Suitable water and nitrogen treatment improves soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activities of paddy field[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(21):91-98.
[12] 王杰,李刚,修伟明,等.氮素和水分对贝加尔针茅草原土壤酶活性和微生物量碳氮的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(3):237-245.WANG J,LI G,XIU W M,et al.Effects of nitrogen and water on soil enzyme activity and soil microbial biomassin Stipa baicalensis steppe Inner Mongolia of north China[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2014,31(3):237-245.
[13] 赵建华,樊廷录,王淑英,等.施氮与灌水对河西制种玉米产量及水氮利用效率的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(5) :997-1004.ZHAO J H,FAN T L,WANG SH Y,et al.Effect of nitrogen and irrigation on yield,water and nitrogen use efficiency of corn seed production in Hexi area in China [J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2016,30(5):997-1004.
[14] 李静,张富仓,方栋平,等.水氮供应对滴灌施肥条件下黄瓜生长及水分利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(22):4475-4487.LI J,ZHANG F C,FANG D P,et al.Effects of water and nitrogen supply on the growth and water use efficiency of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)under fertigation [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(22):4475-4477.
[15] 张学科,李惠霞.不同灌溉方式下温室番茄水分利用率及经济效益研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(7):97-100.ZHANG X K,LI H X.Water use efficiency and economic benefits of tomato under different irrigation methods in greenhouse[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2016,35(7):97-100.
[16] 陈修斌,李翊华,许耀照,等.温室番茄对水肥耦合的光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数响应[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):687-693.CHEN X B,LI Y H,XU Y ZH,et al.Greenhouse tomato response to the coupling of water and fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyII fluorescence parameters [J].Chines Journal of Soil Science,2015,46(3):687-693.
[17] 韦泽秀,梁银丽,周茂娟,等.水肥组合对日光温室黄瓜叶片生长和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):69-74.WEI Z X,LIANG Y L,ZHOU M J,et al.Physiologyical characteristics of leaf growth and yield of cucumber under different watering and fertilizer coupling treatments in greenhouse [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(3):69-74.
[18] 周礼恺.土壤酶学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.ZHOU L K.Soil Enzymology [M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.
[19] CABELLO M J,CASTELLANOS M T,ROMOJARO F,et al.Yield and quality of melon grown under different irrigation andnitrogen rates [J].Agriculture Water Management,2009,96(5):866-874.
[20] 张丽莹,王荣莲,张俊生,等.水肥耦合对温室无土栽培水果黄瓜叶片糖含量及其相关酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2011,26(2):163-169.ZHANG L Y,WANG R L,ZHANG J SH,et al.Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on soluble sugar content and sucrose metabolizing enzymes activities in fruit cucumber leaves under solution culture in greenhouse [J].Acta Agricultrae Boreali-Sinica,2011,26(2):163-169.
[21] 李娟,赵秉强,李秀英,等.长期有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(1):144-152.LI J,ZHAO B Q,LI X Y,et al.Effects of long-term combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil microbial properties and soil fertility [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(1):144-152.
[22] 夏雪,谷洁,车升国,等.施氮水平对塿土微生物群落和酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(8):1618-1627.XIA X,GU J,CHE SH G,et al.Effects of nitrogen application rates on microbial community and enzyme activities in Lou soil [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(8):1618-1627.
[23] 郭永盛,李鲁华,危常州,等.施氮肥对新疆荒漠草原生物量和土壤酶活性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(增刊1):249-256.GUO Y SH,LI L H,WEI CH ZH,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass amount and soil enzymes activity of desert grassland in Xinjiang [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(S1):249-256.
[24] 徐福利,梁银丽,张成娥,等.施肥对日光温室黄瓜生长和土壤生物学特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(7):1227-1230.XU F L,LIANG Y L,ZHANG CH E,et al.Effects of fertilization on cucumber growth and soil biological characteristics in sunlight greenhouse [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(7):1227-1230.
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