基于DNDC模型覆膜马铃薯N_2O减排增产的优化施氮量研究
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摘要
为了探究马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)田苗期不覆膜和苗期覆膜处理下土壤N_2O减排和增产兼顾的最优施氮量,并验证DNDC模型对于马铃薯田土壤N_2O排放和产量预测的适用性,以沈阳市自然降水条件下的马铃薯田为研究对象,设计不施氮肥(0 kg·hm~(-2))、低氮(75 kg·hm~(-2))、中氮(150 kg·hm~(-2))和高氮(225 kg·hm~(-2))4种施氮水平,每种氮肥水平包括苗期不覆膜与苗期覆膜两种处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法对土壤N_2O气体排放进行田间原位观测,并运用DNDC模型进一步探究马铃薯田减排增产最优施氮量,结果对于促进马铃薯田温室气体减排和增产协调兼顾的旱地农业可持续发展具有积极意义。结果表明,DNDC模型可以准确地模拟马铃薯田不覆膜处理下不同施氮水平N_2O排放状况,模型效率指数在0.72~0.94之间;在覆膜处理中,低、中、高施氮量模型效率指数较苗期不覆膜处理分别下降0.21、0.52和0.50,不施氮肥处理下,模型效率指数为负值,模型不能模拟N_2O排放;DNDC模型对于各处理下马铃薯产量均有较准确的模拟效果。DNDC模型进一步表明,不覆膜状态下马铃薯田增产兼顾减排的施氮量为90~105 kg·hm~(-2);减排兼顾增产的施氮量为75~90 kg·hm~(-2)。由于DNDC模型对于覆膜处理下马铃薯田N_2O排放模拟效果不佳,通过大田实验数据分析得出:苗期覆膜可以有效增产和减少土壤N_2O排放,综合马铃薯产量和土壤N_2O减排的环保施氮量可在75 kg·hm~(-2)的基础上有所增加,但需低于150 kg·hm~(-2)。
To explore the optimal nitrogen application rate of both N_2O emission reduction and yield increase in potato field under no-mulching and mulching treatments at seedling stage, the applicability of Denitrification-Decomposition(DNDC) model to N_2O emission and yield in potato field was verified. In this study, the potato field under natural precipitation in Shenyang was selected as the research object, and four fertilization levels(no nitrogen fertilizer, 0 kg·hm~(-2); low nitrogen fertilizer, 75 kg·hm~(-2); medium nitrogen fertilizer, 150 kg·hm~(-2) and high nitrogen fertilizer, 225 kg·hm~(-2)) were designed, with each level under both no-mulching and mulching treatments during the seedling stage. In situ N_2O emission was measured by using static chamber-gas chromatograph technique. DNDC model was used to further explore the optimal nitrogen application rate of N_2O emission reduction and yield increase in potato field. It is of positive significance to sustainably develop dryland agriculture with coordination of greenhouse gas emission reduction and yield increase in potato field. The results showed that the DNDC model could accurately simulate N_2O emissions at different nitrogen fertilization levels in no-mulching potato field. The model efficiency index was 0.72~ 0.94. Compared with the no-mulching treatment during the seedling stage, the model efficiency indexes with mulching haddecreased by 0.21, 0.54 and 0.50 of low, medium and high nitrogen fertilization levels, respectively. Without nitrogen fertilizer, the model efficiency index was negative, and the model was unable to simulate N_2O emission. The DNDC model had a relatively good simulation effect on potato yield under various treatments. It further reveled that the nitrogen application rate in the potato field under no-mulching treatment was 90~105 kg·hm~(-2) with yield increase as the primary purpose and emission reduction as the secondary purpose, whereas that was 75~90 kg·hm~(-2) with the reverse order of priories. Because the simulation effect of DNDC on N_2O emission in the potato field under mulching was not good, preliminary results from field data analysis showed that mulching treatment during seedling stage could effectively increase yield and reduce N_2O emission. Based on the comprehensive consideration of potato yield and soil N_2O emission reduction, the nitrogen application rate could be increased from 75 kg·hm~(-2) to less than 150 kg·hm~(-2).
To explore the optimal nitrogen application rate of both N_2O emission reduction and yield increase in potato field under no-mulching and mulching treatments at seedling stage, the applicability of Denitrification-Decomposition(DNDC) model to N_2O emission and yield in potato field was verified. In this study, the potato field under natural precipitation in Shenyang was selected as the research object, and four fertilization levels(no nitrogen fertilizer, 0 kg·hm~(-2); low nitrogen fertilizer, 75 kg·hm~(-2); medium nitrogen fertilizer, 150 kg·hm~(-2) and high nitrogen fertilizer, 225 kg·hm~(-2)) were designed, with each level under both no-mulching and mulching treatments during the seedling stage. In situ N_2O emission was measured by using static chamber-gas chromatograph technique. DNDC model was used to further explore the optimal nitrogen application rate of N_2O emission reduction and yield increase in potato field. It is of positive significance to sustainably develop dryland agriculture with coordination of greenhouse gas emission reduction and yield increase in potato field. The results showed that the DNDC model could accurately simulate N_2O emissions at different nitrogen fertilization levels in no-mulching potato field. The model efficiency index was 0.72~ 0.94. Compared with the no-mulching treatment during the seedling stage, the model efficiency indexes with mulching haddecreased by 0.21, 0.54 and 0.50 of low, medium and high nitrogen fertilization levels, respectively. Without nitrogen fertilizer, the model efficiency index was negative, and the model was unable to simulate N_2O emission. The DNDC model had a relatively good simulation effect on potato yield under various treatments. It further reveled that the nitrogen application rate in the potato field under no-mulching treatment was 90~105 kg·hm~(-2) with yield increase as the primary purpose and emission reduction as the secondary purpose, whereas that was 75~90 kg·hm~(-2) with the reverse order of priories. Because the simulation effect of DNDC on N_2O emission in the potato field under mulching was not good, preliminary results from field data analysis showed that mulching treatment during seedling stage could effectively increase yield and reduce N_2O emission. Based on the comprehensive consideration of potato yield and soil N_2O emission reduction, the nitrogen application rate could be increased from 75 kg·hm~(-2) to less than 150 kg·hm~(-2).
引文
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CUELLO J P,HWANG H Y,GUTIERREZ J,et al.2015.Impact of plastic film mulching on increasing greenhouse gas emissions in temperate upland soil during maize cultivation[J].Applied Soil Ecology,91:48-57.
GILHESPY S L,ANTHONY S,CARDENAS L,et al.2014.First 20 years of DNDC(DeNitrification De Composition):Model evolution[J].Ecological Modelling,292:51-62.
HAN J,JIA Z K,WU W,et al.2014.Modeling impacts of film mulching on rainfed crop yield in Northern China with DNDC[J].Field Crops Research,155:202-212.
HOUGHTON J T,MEIRA FILHO L G,CALLANDER B A,et al.1996.Climate change 1995:The science of climate change[M].New York:Cambridge University Press.
IPCC.2013.Climate change 2013:The physical science basis:Working group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M].Stockholm:Cambridge University Press.
LI C S.2000.Modeling trace gas emissions from agricultural ecosystems[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agro-ecosystems,58:259-276.
LI C,FROLKING S,FROLKING T A.1992.A model of nitrous oxide evolution from soil driven by rainfall events:1.Model structure and sensitivity[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,97(D9):9759-9776.
LI F M,GUO A H,WEI H.1999.Effects of clear plastic film mulch on yield of spring wheat[J].Field Crops Research,63(1):79-86.
LI Z,ZHANGR,WANG X,et al.2014.Effects of plastic film mulching with drip irrigation on N2O and CH4 emissions from cotton fields in arid land[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,152(4):534-542.
LIU J,ZHU L,LUO S,et al.2014.Response of nitrous oxide emission to soil mulching and nitrogen fertilization in semi-arid farmland[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,188(5):20-28.
LUIS I J,LIRA-SALDIVAR R H,LUIS A V A,et al.2011.Colored plastic mulches affect soil temperature and tuber production of potato[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,Section B-Plant Soil Science,61(2):1651-1913.
MA S T,SHAN J,YAN X Y.2017.N2O emissions dominated by fungi in an intensively managed vegetable field converted from wheat-rice rotation[J].Applied Soil Ecology,116:23-29.
NISHIMURA S,KOMADA M,TAKEBE M,et al.2012.Nitrous oxide evolved from soil covered with plastic mulch film in horticultural field[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,48(7):787-795.
NIU J Y,GAN Y T,ZHANG J W,et al.1998.Postanthesis Dry Matter Accumulation and Redistribution in Spring Wheat Mulched with Plastic Film[J].Crop Science,38(6):1562-1568.
SMITH P,SMITH J U,POWLSON D S,et al.1997.A comparison of the performance of nine soil organic matter models using datasets from seven long-term experiments[J].Geoderma,81(1-2):153-225.
TUMER P A,GRIFFIS T J,LEE X,et al.2015.Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from streams within the US Corn Belt scale with stream order[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,112(32):9839-43.
WANG F X,WU X X,CLINTON C S,et al.2011.Effects of drip irrigation regimes on potato tuber yield and quality under plastic mulch in arid Northwestern China[J].Field Crops Research,122(1):78-84.
WANG L W,WANG C,PAN Z H,et al.2017.N2O emission characteristics and its affecting factors in rain-fed potato fields in Wuchuan County,China[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,61(5):911-919.
高琳,潘志华,杨书运,等.2017.覆膜对旱地马铃薯田土壤温湿度及温室气体排放的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,31(6):136-141.
高小叶,袁世力,吕爱敏,等.2016.DNDC模型评估苜蓿绿肥对水稻产量和温室气体排放的影响[J].草业学报.25(12):14-26.
纪洋,于海洋,徐华.2017.控释肥与尿素配合施用对稻季土壤CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].生态环境学报,26(9):1494-1500.
贾小芳,张晓春,赵亚南,等.2017.我国与周边国家和地区的CO2本底浓度对比分析[J].大气与环境光学学报,12(2):121-127.
李晓莎.2016.覆膜与施氮对旱作春玉米农田温室气体排放的影响[D].西安:西北农林科技大学.
李银水,鲁剑巍,廖星,等.2011.氮肥用量对油菜产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,33(4):379-383.
李长生.2016.生物地球化学[M].北京:清华大学出版社.
李志国,张润花,赖冬梅,等.2012.西北干旱区两种不同栽培管理措施下棉花CH4和N2O排放通量研究[J].土壤学报,49(5):924-934.
宋欢欢,姜春明,宇万太.2014.沈阳市区降水中氮素的组成及季节变化[J].生态学杂志,33(3):741-747.
唐文雪,马忠明,魏焘.2017.不同厚度地膜多年覆盖对土壤容重及玉米生长发育的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,36(12):1-6.
王立为.2015.旱地马铃薯田温室气体减排与增产协同机制和模式研究[D].北京:中国农业大学.
王颖慧,蒙美莲,陈有君,等.2013.覆膜方式对旱作马铃薯产量和土壤水分的影响[J].中国农学通报,29(3):147-152.
吴佩.2015.探秘马铃薯的主粮之路[N].农民日报,01-21(5版).
谢海宽,江雨倩,李虎,等.2017.DNDC模型在中国的改进及其应用进展[J].应用生态学报,28(8):2760-2770.
新罕布什尔大学地球海洋与空间研究所.2010.DNDC模型使用手册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出社.
邢胜利,魏延安,李思训.2002.陕西省农作物地膜栽培发展现状与展望[J].干旱地区农业研究,20(1):10-13.
杨文玺.2015.马铃薯生长发育与环境[M].武昌:武汉大学出版社.
姚玉璧,杨金虎,肖国举,等.2017.气候变暖对马铃薯生长发育及产量影响研究进展与展望[J].生态环境学报,26(3):538-546.
张丹,王洪媛,胡万里,等.2017.地膜厚度对作物产量与土壤环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,36(2):293-301.
张德奇,廖允成,贾志宽.2005.旱区地膜覆盖技术的研究进展及发展前景[J].干旱地区农业研究,23(1):208-213.
张怡,吕世华,马静,等.2013.水稻覆膜节水综合高产技术对稻田CH4排放的影响[J].生态环境学报,22(6):935-941.
赵婷婷,郑顺林,万年鑫,等.2016.早期施氮对马铃薯苗期抗旱能力的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,30(5):185-190.
赵亚南,宿敏敏,吕阳,等.2017.减量施肥下小麦产量、肥料利用率和土壤养分平衡[J].植物营养与肥料学报,23(4):864-873.
周龙,龙光强,汤利,等.2017.综合产量和土壤N2O排放的马铃薯施氮量分析[J].农业工程学报,33(2):155-161.
CUELLO J P,HWANG H Y,GUTIERREZ J,et al.2015.Impact of plastic film mulching on increasing greenhouse gas emissions in temperate upland soil during maize cultivation[J].Applied Soil Ecology,91:48-57.
GILHESPY S L,ANTHONY S,CARDENAS L,et al.2014.First 20 years of DNDC(DeNitrification De Composition):Model evolution[J].Ecological Modelling,292:51-62.
HAN J,JIA Z K,WU W,et al.2014.Modeling impacts of film mulching on rainfed crop yield in Northern China with DNDC[J].Field Crops Research,155:202-212.
HOUGHTON J T,MEIRA FILHO L G,CALLANDER B A,et al.1996.Climate change 1995:The science of climate change[M].New York:Cambridge University Press.
IPCC.2013.Climate change 2013:The physical science basis:Working group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M].Stockholm:Cambridge University Press.
LI C S.2000.Modeling trace gas emissions from agricultural ecosystems[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agro-ecosystems,58:259-276.
LI C,FROLKING S,FROLKING T A.1992.A model of nitrous oxide evolution from soil driven by rainfall events:1.Model structure and sensitivity[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,97(D9):9759-9776.
LI F M,GUO A H,WEI H.1999.Effects of clear plastic film mulch on yield of spring wheat[J].Field Crops Research,63(1):79-86.
LI Z,ZHANGR,WANG X,et al.2014.Effects of plastic film mulching with drip irrigation on N2O and CH4 emissions from cotton fields in arid land[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,152(4):534-542.
LIU J,ZHU L,LUO S,et al.2014.Response of nitrous oxide emission to soil mulching and nitrogen fertilization in semi-arid farmland[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,188(5):20-28.
LUIS I J,LIRA-SALDIVAR R H,LUIS A V A,et al.2011.Colored plastic mulches affect soil temperature and tuber production of potato[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,Section B-Plant Soil Science,61(2):1651-1913.
MA S T,SHAN J,YAN X Y.2017.N2O emissions dominated by fungi in an intensively managed vegetable field converted from wheat-rice rotation[J].Applied Soil Ecology,116:23-29.
NISHIMURA S,KOMADA M,TAKEBE M,et al.2012.Nitrous oxide evolved from soil covered with plastic mulch film in horticultural field[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,48(7):787-795.
NIU J Y,GAN Y T,ZHANG J W,et al.1998.Postanthesis Dry Matter Accumulation and Redistribution in Spring Wheat Mulched with Plastic Film[J].Crop Science,38(6):1562-1568.
SMITH P,SMITH J U,POWLSON D S,et al.1997.A comparison of the performance of nine soil organic matter models using datasets from seven long-term experiments[J].Geoderma,81(1-2):153-225.
TUMER P A,GRIFFIS T J,LEE X,et al.2015.Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from streams within the US Corn Belt scale with stream order[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,112(32):9839-43.
WANG F X,WU X X,CLINTON C S,et al.2011.Effects of drip irrigation regimes on potato tuber yield and quality under plastic mulch in arid Northwestern China[J].Field Crops Research,122(1):78-84.
WANG L W,WANG C,PAN Z H,et al.2017.N2O emission characteristics and its affecting factors in rain-fed potato fields in Wuchuan County,China[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,61(5):911-919.
高琳,潘志华,杨书运,等.2017.覆膜对旱地马铃薯田土壤温湿度及温室气体排放的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,31(6):136-141.
高小叶,袁世力,吕爱敏,等.2016.DNDC模型评估苜蓿绿肥对水稻产量和温室气体排放的影响[J].草业学报.25(12):14-26.
纪洋,于海洋,徐华.2017.控释肥与尿素配合施用对稻季土壤CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].生态环境学报,26(9):1494-1500.
贾小芳,张晓春,赵亚南,等.2017.我国与周边国家和地区的CO2本底浓度对比分析[J].大气与环境光学学报,12(2):121-127.
李晓莎.2016.覆膜与施氮对旱作春玉米农田温室气体排放的影响[D].西安:西北农林科技大学.
李银水,鲁剑巍,廖星,等.2011.氮肥用量对油菜产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,33(4):379-383.
李长生.2016.生物地球化学[M].北京:清华大学出版社.
李志国,张润花,赖冬梅,等.2012.西北干旱区两种不同栽培管理措施下棉花CH4和N2O排放通量研究[J].土壤学报,49(5):924-934.
宋欢欢,姜春明,宇万太.2014.沈阳市区降水中氮素的组成及季节变化[J].生态学杂志,33(3):741-747.
唐文雪,马忠明,魏焘.2017.不同厚度地膜多年覆盖对土壤容重及玉米生长发育的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,36(12):1-6.
王立为.2015.旱地马铃薯田温室气体减排与增产协同机制和模式研究[D].北京:中国农业大学.
王颖慧,蒙美莲,陈有君,等.2013.覆膜方式对旱作马铃薯产量和土壤水分的影响[J].中国农学通报,29(3):147-152.
吴佩.2015.探秘马铃薯的主粮之路[N].农民日报,01-21(5版).
谢海宽,江雨倩,李虎,等.2017.DNDC模型在中国的改进及其应用进展[J].应用生态学报,28(8):2760-2770.
新罕布什尔大学地球海洋与空间研究所.2010.DNDC模型使用手册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出社.
邢胜利,魏延安,李思训.2002.陕西省农作物地膜栽培发展现状与展望[J].干旱地区农业研究,20(1):10-13.
杨文玺.2015.马铃薯生长发育与环境[M].武昌:武汉大学出版社.
姚玉璧,杨金虎,肖国举,等.2017.气候变暖对马铃薯生长发育及产量影响研究进展与展望[J].生态环境学报,26(3):538-546.
张丹,王洪媛,胡万里,等.2017.地膜厚度对作物产量与土壤环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,36(2):293-301.
张德奇,廖允成,贾志宽.2005.旱区地膜覆盖技术的研究进展及发展前景[J].干旱地区农业研究,23(1):208-213.
张怡,吕世华,马静,等.2013.水稻覆膜节水综合高产技术对稻田CH4排放的影响[J].生态环境学报,22(6):935-941.
赵婷婷,郑顺林,万年鑫,等.2016.早期施氮对马铃薯苗期抗旱能力的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,30(5):185-190.
赵亚南,宿敏敏,吕阳,等.2017.减量施肥下小麦产量、肥料利用率和土壤养分平衡[J].植物营养与肥料学报,23(4):864-873.
周龙,龙光强,汤利,等.2017.综合产量和土壤N2O排放的马铃薯施氮量分析[J].农业工程学报,33(2):155-161.