基于OMI卫星数据和车载DOAS技术对NO_x排放通量估算的修正
|
摘要
与搭载在EOS AURA卫星上的OMI(Ozone Monitoring Instrument)探测器相比,由车载被动差分吸收光谱(differential optical absorption spectroscopy,DOAS)技术获得的NO_2柱浓度数据空间分辨率更高,因而能够更准确地反映出NO_2时空分布情况,利用OMI NO_2 Level2数据产品重构2013年6月石家庄及周边区域的NO_2柱浓度分布,结合风场数据分析NO_2柱浓度沿风场方向的空间分布,同时,使用车载被动DOAS系统对西南通道即石家庄-保定-北京路段进行走航观测,获取车载DOAS NO_2柱浓度分布数据,使用指数修正高斯(exponentially-modified Gaussian,EMG)拟合方式,分别拟合OMI NO_2数据和经过地基DOAS数据修正后的OMI NO_2数据得到NO_x排放通量分别为195.8 mol/s、160.6 mol/s。经过地基DOAS数据修正的NO_x排放量小于卫星估算值,可能是由于卫星的空间分辨率较低导致的。
Compared with the tropospheric NO_2 column concentration measured by the Monitoring Instrument Ozone(OMI) detector mounted on the AURA EOS satellite,the mobile passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy(DOAS) has higher spatial resolution.It can better reflect the distribution of NO_2 pollution in a region.Therefore the distribution of NO_2 column concentration over Shijiazhuang was reconstructed using data from OMI database(June 2013),combined with the wind data,the variation of spatial and temporal patterns of the distribution of NO_2 concentration under southwest wind in Shijiazhuang was obtained.At the same time,the mobile DOAS system was used to observe the distribution of NO_2 concentration on the southwest transport channel(Shijiazhuang-Baoding-Beijing).Finally,the exponentially-modified Gaussian(EMG) method was used to estimate the NO_x emission rate over Shijiazhuang in June 2013.The results showed that,the emission fluxes of OMI NO_x and emission fluxes modified by mobile DOAS was 195.8 mol/s and 160.6 mol/s,respectively.The reason why the latter is less than the former may be the low spatial resolution of the satellite.
Compared with the tropospheric NO_2 column concentration measured by the Monitoring Instrument Ozone(OMI) detector mounted on the AURA EOS satellite,the mobile passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy(DOAS) has higher spatial resolution.It can better reflect the distribution of NO_2 pollution in a region.Therefore the distribution of NO_2 column concentration over Shijiazhuang was reconstructed using data from OMI database(June 2013),combined with the wind data,the variation of spatial and temporal patterns of the distribution of NO_2 concentration under southwest wind in Shijiazhuang was obtained.At the same time,the mobile DOAS system was used to observe the distribution of NO_2 concentration on the southwest transport channel(Shijiazhuang-Baoding-Beijing).Finally,the exponentially-modified Gaussian(EMG) method was used to estimate the NO_x emission rate over Shijiazhuang in June 2013.The results showed that,the emission fluxes of OMI NO_x and emission fluxes modified by mobile DOAS was 195.8 mol/s and 160.6 mol/s,respectively.The reason why the latter is less than the former may be the low spatial resolution of the satellite.
引文
[1]van der A R J,Peters D,Eskes H,et al.Detection of the trend and seasonal variation in tropospheric NO_2 over China[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2006,111(D12):1-10.
[2]Richter A,Burrows J P,Nuss H,et al.Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space[J].Nature,2005,437(7055):129-132.
[3]Leue C,Wenig M,Wagner T,et al.Quantitative analysis of NO_x,emissions from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment satellite image sequences[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2001,106(D6):5493-5506.
[4]Beirle S,Boersma K F,Platt U,et al.Megacity emissions and lifetimes of nitrogen oxides probed from space[J].Science,2011,333(6050):1737-1739.
[5]Wang S W,Zhang Q,Streets D G,et al.Growth in NO_x emissions from power plants in China:bottom-up estimates and satellite observations[J].Atmos.Chem.Phys.,2012,12(10):45-91.
[6]Stutz J,Platt U.Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy:Principles and Applications[M].Berlin:Springser,2004:9.
[7]Li Ang,Xie Pinhua,Liu Wenqing,et al.Studies on the determination of the flux of gaseous pollutant from an area by passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2009,29(1):28-32(in Chinese).李昂,谢品华,刘文清,等.被动差分吸收光谱法测量区域内污染气体排放通量的方法研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(1):28-32.
[8]Friedeburg C V,Pundt I,Mettendorf K U,et al.Multi-axis-DOAS measurements of NO2,during the BABⅡmotorway emission campaign[J].Atmos.Environ.,2005,39(5):977-985.
[9]Xu Jin,Xie Pinhua,Si Fuqi,et al.Retrieval of tropospheric NO_2 by multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2010,30(9):2464-2469(in Chinese).徐晋,谢品华,司福祺,等.利用多轴差分吸收光谱技术反演对流层NO_2[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2010,30(9):2464-2469.
[10]Stammes P,Sneep M,de Haan J F,et al.Effective cloud fractions from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument:Theoretical framework and validation[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2008,113(D16):16-38.
[11]Hains J C,Boersma K F,Kroon M,et al.Testing and improving OMI DOMINO tropospheric NO_2,using observations from the DANDELIONS and INTEX-B validation campaigns[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2010,115(D5):458-473.
[12]Boersma K F,Eskes H J,Veefkind J P,et a/.Near-real time retrieval of tropospheric NO_2 from OMI[J].Atmos.Chem.Phys.,2007,6(6):2103-2118.
[13]Wenig M O,Cede A M,Bucsela E J,et aJ.Validation of OMI tropospheric NO_2 column densities using direct-Sun mode Brewer measurements at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2008,113(D16):1-10.
[14]de Foy B,Wilkins J L,Lu Z,et al.Model evaluation of methods for estimating surface emissions and chemical lifetimes from satellite data[J].Atmos.Environ.,2014,98:66-77.
[15]Martin R V,Jacob D J,Chance K,et al.Global inventory of nitrogen oxide emissions constrained by space-based observations of NO_2,columns[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(D17):1-12.
[16]Mijling B,van der A R J.Using daily satellite observations to estimate emissions of short-lived air pollutants on a mesoscopic scale[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2012,117(D17):127-135.
[17]Li Ang,Xie Pinhua,Dou Ke,et al.Remote sensing of the emission flux from an industrial area by mobile passive DOAS during Beijing Olympic Games[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2009,4(5):341-346(in Chinese).李昂,谢品华,窦科,等.奥运期间北京某工业区排放通量的车载被动DOAS遥测研究[J].大气与环境光学学报,2009,4(5):341-346.
[2]Richter A,Burrows J P,Nuss H,et al.Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space[J].Nature,2005,437(7055):129-132.
[3]Leue C,Wenig M,Wagner T,et al.Quantitative analysis of NO_x,emissions from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment satellite image sequences[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2001,106(D6):5493-5506.
[4]Beirle S,Boersma K F,Platt U,et al.Megacity emissions and lifetimes of nitrogen oxides probed from space[J].Science,2011,333(6050):1737-1739.
[5]Wang S W,Zhang Q,Streets D G,et al.Growth in NO_x emissions from power plants in China:bottom-up estimates and satellite observations[J].Atmos.Chem.Phys.,2012,12(10):45-91.
[6]Stutz J,Platt U.Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy:Principles and Applications[M].Berlin:Springser,2004:9.
[7]Li Ang,Xie Pinhua,Liu Wenqing,et al.Studies on the determination of the flux of gaseous pollutant from an area by passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2009,29(1):28-32(in Chinese).李昂,谢品华,刘文清,等.被动差分吸收光谱法测量区域内污染气体排放通量的方法研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(1):28-32.
[8]Friedeburg C V,Pundt I,Mettendorf K U,et al.Multi-axis-DOAS measurements of NO2,during the BABⅡmotorway emission campaign[J].Atmos.Environ.,2005,39(5):977-985.
[9]Xu Jin,Xie Pinhua,Si Fuqi,et al.Retrieval of tropospheric NO_2 by multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2010,30(9):2464-2469(in Chinese).徐晋,谢品华,司福祺,等.利用多轴差分吸收光谱技术反演对流层NO_2[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2010,30(9):2464-2469.
[10]Stammes P,Sneep M,de Haan J F,et al.Effective cloud fractions from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument:Theoretical framework and validation[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2008,113(D16):16-38.
[11]Hains J C,Boersma K F,Kroon M,et al.Testing and improving OMI DOMINO tropospheric NO_2,using observations from the DANDELIONS and INTEX-B validation campaigns[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2010,115(D5):458-473.
[12]Boersma K F,Eskes H J,Veefkind J P,et a/.Near-real time retrieval of tropospheric NO_2 from OMI[J].Atmos.Chem.Phys.,2007,6(6):2103-2118.
[13]Wenig M O,Cede A M,Bucsela E J,et aJ.Validation of OMI tropospheric NO_2 column densities using direct-Sun mode Brewer measurements at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2008,113(D16):1-10.
[14]de Foy B,Wilkins J L,Lu Z,et al.Model evaluation of methods for estimating surface emissions and chemical lifetimes from satellite data[J].Atmos.Environ.,2014,98:66-77.
[15]Martin R V,Jacob D J,Chance K,et al.Global inventory of nitrogen oxide emissions constrained by space-based observations of NO_2,columns[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(D17):1-12.
[16]Mijling B,van der A R J.Using daily satellite observations to estimate emissions of short-lived air pollutants on a mesoscopic scale[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2012,117(D17):127-135.
[17]Li Ang,Xie Pinhua,Dou Ke,et al.Remote sensing of the emission flux from an industrial area by mobile passive DOAS during Beijing Olympic Games[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2009,4(5):341-346(in Chinese).李昂,谢品华,窦科,等.奥运期间北京某工业区排放通量的车载被动DOAS遥测研究[J].大气与环境光学学报,2009,4(5):341-346.