Preparation of 3D ordered mesoporous anatase TiO_2 and their photocatalytic activity
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摘要
Ordered crystalline mesoporous anatase titanium dioxides with different amounts of rutile were prepared by hard-template approaches using mesoporous silica(KIT-6)as the template. The resulting mesoporous materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), transmission electron microscope(TEM), N_2 adsorption and Raman spectroscopy. All mesoporous TiO_2 has three-dimensional(3 D) ordered mesostructures with large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) surface area and narrow pore size distribution(ca. 5 nm). It was found that the level of rutile phase in the mesoporous titanium oxide was related to the SO4_2-concentration in the starting materials. Their photocatalytic hydrogen production was evaluated and compared. It is found that low rutile content is beneficial for a high catalytic activity. All samples demonstrate a better activity than commercial P25.
Ordered crystalline mesoporous anatase titanium dioxides with different amounts of rutile were prepared by hard-template approaches using mesoporous silica(KIT-6)as the template. The resulting mesoporous materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), transmission electron microscope(TEM), N_2 adsorption and Raman spectroscopy. All mesoporous TiO_2 has three-dimensional(3 D) ordered mesostructures with large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) surface area and narrow pore size distribution(ca. 5 nm). It was found that the level of rutile phase in the mesoporous titanium oxide was related to the SO4_2-concentration in the starting materials. Their photocatalytic hydrogen production was evaluated and compared. It is found that low rutile content is beneficial for a high catalytic activity. All samples demonstrate a better activity than commercial P25.
Ordered crystalline mesoporous anatase titanium dioxides with different amounts of rutile were prepared by hard-template approaches using mesoporous silica(KIT-6)as the template. The resulting mesoporous materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), transmission electron microscope(TEM), N_2 adsorption and Raman spectroscopy. All mesoporous TiO_2 has three-dimensional(3 D) ordered mesostructures with large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) surface area and narrow pore size distribution(ca. 5 nm). It was found that the level of rutile phase in the mesoporous titanium oxide was related to the SO4_2-concentration in the starting materials. Their photocatalytic hydrogen production was evaluated and compared. It is found that low rutile content is beneficial for a high catalytic activity. All samples demonstrate a better activity than commercial P25.
引文
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[10]Dag O,Soten I,Celik O,Polarz S,Coombs N,Ozin GA.Infiltrating semiconducting polymers into self-assembled mesoporous titania films for photovoltaic applications.Adv Funct Mater.2003;13(4):301.
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[13]Xu H,Liu SQ,Zhou S,Wang X,Tang X,Yin J,Tao HJ.Morphology and photocatalytic performance of nano-sized TiO2prepared by simple hydrothermal method with different pHvalues.Rare Met.2018;37(8):750.
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[15]Ren Y,Hardwick LJ,Bruce PG.Lithium intercalation into mesoporous anatase with an ordered 3D pore structure.Angew Chem Int Ed.2010;122(14):2624.
[16]Zhang YL,Yang J,Preparation XJYu.characterization,and adsorption-photocatalytic activity of nano TiO2embedded in diatomite synthesis materials.Rare Met.2017;36(12):987.
[17]Yue WB,Randorn C,Attidekou PS,Su ZX,Irvine JTS,Zhou WZ.Syntheses,Li insertion,and photoactivity of mesoporous crystalline TiO2.Adv Funct Mater.2009;19(17):2826.
[18]Zhang ZY,Zuo F,Feng PY.Hard template synthesis of crystalline mesoporous anatase TiO2for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.J Mater Chem.2010;20(11):2206.
[19]Kleitz F,Choi SH,Ryoo R.Cubic Ia 3d large mesoporous silica:synthesis and replication to platinum nanowires,carbon nanorods and carbon nanotubes.Chem Commun.2003;9(0):2136.
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[21]Zhu D,Wang Y,Lu W,Zhang H,Song Z,Luo D,Gan L,Liu M,Sun D.A novel synthesis of hierarchical porous carbons from interpenetrating polymer networks for high performance supercapacitor electrodes.Carbon.2017;111:667.
[22]Mo LB,Yao WQ,Cao JL,Xiang QY,Li YS.Leaching kinetics of rhodium from spent automotive catalyst.Chin J Rare Met.2016;40(2):137.
[23]Wang Y,Zhu D,Xu X.Zr-doped mesoporous Ta3N5microspheres for efficient photocatalytic water oxidation.ACS Appl Mater Inter.2016;8(51):3540.
[24]Xie Y,Wang Y,Chen Z,Xu X.Role of oxygen defects on the photocatalytic properties of Mg-doped mesoporous Ta3N5.Chemsuschem.2016;9(12):1403.
[25]Lu L,Lv M,Wang D,Liu G,Xu X.Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production over solid solutions Sr1-xBixTi1-xFexO3(0 B x B 0.5).Appl Catal B Environ.2017;200:412.
[26]Dickinson C,Zhou WZ,Hodgkins RP,Shi YF,Zhao DY,He HY.Formation mechanism of porous single-crystal Cr2O3and Co3O4templated by mesoporous silica.Chem Mater.2006;18(13):3088.
[27]Hardwick LJ,Holzapfel M,Novak P,Dupont L,Baudrin E.Electrochemical lithium insertion into anatase-type TiO2:an in situ Raman microscopy investigation.Electrochim Acta.2007;52(17):5357.
[28]Wei S,Wu R,Jian J,Sun Y.C/Si/core-shell structured TiO2@TiO2-xnanocomposites with excellent visible-light photocatalytic performance.RSC Adv.2015;5(70):57240.
[29]Wei S,Wu R,Jian J,Hou J,Chen F,Ablat A,Sun Y.Graphene oxide/core-shell structured TiO2@TiO2-xnanocomposites with highly efficient visible-light photocatalytic performance.RSCAdv.2015;5(50):40348.
[30]Wei S,Wu R,Jian J,Chen F,Sun Y.Black and yellow anatase titania formed by(H,N)-doping:strong visible-light absorption and enhanced visible-light photocatalysis.Dalton Trans.2015;44(4):1534.
[31]Wei S,Ni S,Xu X.A new approach to inducing Ti3?in anatase TiO2for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production.Chin JCatal.2018;39(3):510.
[2]Bruce PG,Scrosati B,Tarascon JM.Nanomaterials for rechargeable lithium batteries.Angew Chem Int Ed.2008;47(16):2930.
[3]Chen X,Mao SS.Titanium dioxide nanomaterials:synthesis,properties,modifications,and applications.Chem Rev.2007;107(7):2891.
[4]Grosso D,Soler-Illia GJDAA,Babonneau F,Sanchez C,Albouy PA,Brunet-Bruneau A,Balkenende AR.Highly organized mesoporous titania thin films showing mono-oriented 2Dhexagonal channels.Adv Mater.2001;13(14):1085.
[5]Tian BZ,Liu XY,Tu B,Yu CZ,Fan J,Wang LM,Xie SH,Stucky GD,Zhao DY.Self-adjusted synthesis of ordered stable mesoporous minerals by acid-base pairs.Nat Mater.2003;2(3):159.
[6]Grosso D,Boissiere C,Smarsly B,Brezesinski T,Pinna N,Albouy PA,Amenitsch H,Antonietti M,Sanchez C.Periodically ordered nanoscale islands and mesoporous films composed of nanocrystalline multimetallic oxides.Nat Mater.2004;3(11):787.
[7]Li DL,Zhou HS,Honma I.Design and synthesis of self-ordered mesoporous nanocomposite through controlled in situ crystallization.Nat Mater.2004;3(1):65.
[8]Antonelli DM,Ying JY.Mesoporous materials.Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci.1996;4(1):523.
[9]Yang PD,Deng T,Zhao DY,Feng PY,Pine D,Chmelka BF,Whitesides GM,Stucky GD.Hierarchically ordered oxides.Science.1998;282(5397):2244.
[10]Dag O,Soten I,Celik O,Polarz S,Coombs N,Ozin GA.Infiltrating semiconducting polymers into self-assembled mesoporous titania films for photovoltaic applications.Adv Funct Mater.2003;13(4):301.
[11]Choi SY,Mamak M,Coombs N,Chopra N,Ozin GA.Thermally stable two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous nanocrystalline anatase,meso-nc-TiO2:bulk and crack-free thin film morphologies.Adv Funct Mater.2004;14(4):335.
[12]Li HX,Bian ZF,Zhu J,Huo YN,Li H,Lu YF.Mesoporous Au/TiO2nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity.J Am Chem Soc.2007;129(15):4538.
[13]Xu H,Liu SQ,Zhou S,Wang X,Tang X,Yin J,Tao HJ.Morphology and photocatalytic performance of nano-sized TiO2prepared by simple hydrothermal method with different pHvalues.Rare Met.2018;37(8):750.
[14]Schu¨th F.Non-siliceous mesostructured and mesoporous materials.Chem Mat.2001;13(10):3184.
[15]Ren Y,Hardwick LJ,Bruce PG.Lithium intercalation into mesoporous anatase with an ordered 3D pore structure.Angew Chem Int Ed.2010;122(14):2624.
[16]Zhang YL,Yang J,Preparation XJYu.characterization,and adsorption-photocatalytic activity of nano TiO2embedded in diatomite synthesis materials.Rare Met.2017;36(12):987.
[17]Yue WB,Randorn C,Attidekou PS,Su ZX,Irvine JTS,Zhou WZ.Syntheses,Li insertion,and photoactivity of mesoporous crystalline TiO2.Adv Funct Mater.2009;19(17):2826.
[18]Zhang ZY,Zuo F,Feng PY.Hard template synthesis of crystalline mesoporous anatase TiO2for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.J Mater Chem.2010;20(11):2206.
[19]Kleitz F,Choi SH,Ryoo R.Cubic Ia 3d large mesoporous silica:synthesis and replication to platinum nanowires,carbon nanorods and carbon nanotubes.Chem Commun.2003;9(0):2136.
[20]Sing KSW,Everett DH,Haul RAW,Moscou L,Pierotti RA,Rouquerol J,Siemieniewska T.Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity(Recommendations 1984).Pure Appl Chem.1985;57(4):603.
[21]Zhu D,Wang Y,Lu W,Zhang H,Song Z,Luo D,Gan L,Liu M,Sun D.A novel synthesis of hierarchical porous carbons from interpenetrating polymer networks for high performance supercapacitor electrodes.Carbon.2017;111:667.
[22]Mo LB,Yao WQ,Cao JL,Xiang QY,Li YS.Leaching kinetics of rhodium from spent automotive catalyst.Chin J Rare Met.2016;40(2):137.
[23]Wang Y,Zhu D,Xu X.Zr-doped mesoporous Ta3N5microspheres for efficient photocatalytic water oxidation.ACS Appl Mater Inter.2016;8(51):3540.
[24]Xie Y,Wang Y,Chen Z,Xu X.Role of oxygen defects on the photocatalytic properties of Mg-doped mesoporous Ta3N5.Chemsuschem.2016;9(12):1403.
[25]Lu L,Lv M,Wang D,Liu G,Xu X.Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production over solid solutions Sr1-xBixTi1-xFexO3(0 B x B 0.5).Appl Catal B Environ.2017;200:412.
[26]Dickinson C,Zhou WZ,Hodgkins RP,Shi YF,Zhao DY,He HY.Formation mechanism of porous single-crystal Cr2O3and Co3O4templated by mesoporous silica.Chem Mater.2006;18(13):3088.
[27]Hardwick LJ,Holzapfel M,Novak P,Dupont L,Baudrin E.Electrochemical lithium insertion into anatase-type TiO2:an in situ Raman microscopy investigation.Electrochim Acta.2007;52(17):5357.
[28]Wei S,Wu R,Jian J,Sun Y.C/Si/core-shell structured TiO2@TiO2-xnanocomposites with excellent visible-light photocatalytic performance.RSC Adv.2015;5(70):57240.
[29]Wei S,Wu R,Jian J,Hou J,Chen F,Ablat A,Sun Y.Graphene oxide/core-shell structured TiO2@TiO2-xnanocomposites with highly efficient visible-light photocatalytic performance.RSCAdv.2015;5(50):40348.
[30]Wei S,Wu R,Jian J,Chen F,Sun Y.Black and yellow anatase titania formed by(H,N)-doping:strong visible-light absorption and enhanced visible-light photocatalysis.Dalton Trans.2015;44(4):1534.
[31]Wei S,Ni S,Xu X.A new approach to inducing Ti3?in anatase TiO2for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production.Chin JCatal.2018;39(3):510.