利用时变潮时差进行水位改正
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摘要
针对目前实施时差法水位改正时使用的潮时差未考虑时变现象的影响以及利用潮时差确定水位观测时段选择混乱等问题,提出利用逐时滑动时段确定潮时差以进行水位改正的方法,分析了潮时差时变现象的原因及潮时差逐时滑动时段与逐日独立时段确定结果的差异,推导了时差法水位改正的误差公式。以某海域验潮站为例,进行了水位改正的数据实验,比较了逐时滑动时段与逐日独立时段确定的潮时差的水位改正效果。实验结果表明,利用逐时滑动确定的潮时差进行水位改正,在理论与精度方面均对目前使用的时差法有所完善与提高,尤其在潮差差异较大的海域,改进效果更加显著。
With the technical developments of poisioning and depth detecting, nowadays, the accuracy of sounding results is highly improved than before, while the effect of water correction still stays the same,which makes it become the main restraint for bathymetry precise. It is key to determine tidal time difference between tidal gauges in time-difference method, which is commonly used to conduct water correction.However, the influence of temporal variation of tidal time-difference on water correction is usually ignored,and the time period of observations to determine tidal time-difference is also selected freely. Focusing on these problems, the phenomenon and cause of temporal variation of tidal time-difference are analyzed from the perspective of the merging theory of tidal constituents. Daily determined and hourly determined tidal time differences are compared in value and meaning and the error formula of water correction in time-difference method is educed. Data experiments are conducted in one sea area to show the contrast effect of water correction by using daily and hourly determined time-difference of tide. The research reveals that it is more precise and reasonable to use hourly determined tidal time-difference, than to use daily determined one, which is currently utilized for water correction.
With the technical developments of poisioning and depth detecting, nowadays, the accuracy of sounding results is highly improved than before, while the effect of water correction still stays the same,which makes it become the main restraint for bathymetry precise. It is key to determine tidal time difference between tidal gauges in time-difference method, which is commonly used to conduct water correction.However, the influence of temporal variation of tidal time-difference on water correction is usually ignored,and the time period of observations to determine tidal time-difference is also selected freely. Focusing on these problems, the phenomenon and cause of temporal variation of tidal time-difference are analyzed from the perspective of the merging theory of tidal constituents. Daily determined and hourly determined tidal time differences are compared in value and meaning and the error formula of water correction in time-difference method is educed. Data experiments are conducted in one sea area to show the contrast effect of water correction by using daily and hourly determined time-difference of tide. The research reveals that it is more precise and reasonable to use hourly determined tidal time-difference, than to use daily determined one, which is currently utilized for water correction.
引文
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[15]Ke Hao.Research on the Theory and Implementation Method of Marine Seamless Vertical Reference Surface[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2012(柯灏.海洋无缝垂直基准构建理论和方法研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2012)
[16]Liu Yanchun.Mathematical Models for Hydrographic Datum Transfer[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2000,30(4):310-316(刘雁春.海道测量基准面传递的数学模型[J].测绘学报,2000,30(4):310-316)
[17]Liu Ju,Bao Jingyang,Xu Jun.Application of SemiParametric Model in Water Level Data Pre-Processing[C].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting Symposium of the 28th General Meeting,Shenyang,China,2016(刘聚,暴景阳,许军.基于半参数模型的水位数据预处理方法研究[C].第二十八届海洋综合性学术研讨会,沈阳,2016)
[18]Bao Jingyang,Xu Jun.Tide Analysis from Altimeter Data and the Establishment and Application of Tide Model[M].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,2013(暴景阳,许军.卫星测高数据的潮汐提取与建模应用[M].北京:测绘出版社,2013)
[19]Sun Xiangping.China’s Offshore Waters[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2006(孙湘平.中国近海区域海洋[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006)
[20]Xue Hongchao,Xie Jinzan.Chinese Coastal Zone Hydrology[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,1995(薛鸿超,谢金赞.中国海岸带水文[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995)
[21]Discipline Group of Surveying Adjustment of School of Geodesy and Geomatics of Wuhan University.Error Theory and Foundation of Surveying Adjustment[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2009(武汉大学测绘学院测量平差科学组.误差理论与测量平差基础[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2009)
[22]Naval Command.Specifications for Hydrographic Survey:GB 12327-1998[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1999(海军司令部.海道测量规范:GB 12327-1988[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999)
[2]Liu Yanchun.Space Structure and Data Processing in Marine Sounding[M].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,2002(刘雁春.海洋测深空间结构及其数据处理[M].北京:测绘出版社,2002)
[3]Xu Jun.Research on the Effects of Water Level Correction on Underwater Topographic Survey[D].Dalian:Dalian Naval Academy,2009(许军.水下地形测量的水位改正效应研究[D].大连:海军大连舰艇学院,2009)
[4]Lea S H.Hydrographic Surveying Methods,Tables and Forms of Notes[M].Canada:Andesite Press,2015
[5]Lachapelle G.Hydrographic Surveying[D].Canada:The University of Calgary,1996
[6]Bao Jingyang,Xu Jun.Technical Framework and Specification Revision for Water Level Control in Hydrographic Survey[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2016,36(6):1-6(暴景阳,许军.海道测量水位控制的技术体系及标准更新[J].海洋测绘,2016,36(6):1-6)
[7]Xie Xijun,Zhai Guojun,Huang Motao.Water Correction in Time-Difference Method[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,1988,8(3):22-26(谢锡君,翟国君,黄谟涛.时差法水位改正[J].海洋测绘,1988,8(3):22-26)
[8]Liu Yanchun,Bao Jingyang.Mathematical Model of Water Correction in Hydrographic Surveying[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,1992,12(4):17-22(刘雁春,暴景阳.海道测量水位改正数学模型[J].海洋测绘,1992,12(4):17-22)
[9]Xu Jun,Liu Yanchun,Bao Jingyang,et al.Temporal Variation Law of Parameters of Least Square Fitting Model[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2010,35(12):1 418-1 422(许军,刘雁春,暴景阳,等.最小二乘水位拟合模型的参数时变规律研究[J].武汉大学学报?信息科学版,2010,35(12):1 418-1 422)
[10]Xu Jun,Bao Jingyang,Zhang Chuanyin,et al.Optimal Application of the Least Square Fitting Method[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2016,36(1):21-24(许军,暴景阳,章传银,等.最小二乘水位拟合法的应用优化设置[J].海洋测绘,2016,36(1):21-24)
[11]Fang Guohong,Zheng Wenzhen,Chen Zongyong,et al.Analysis and Prediction of Tide and Tidal Current[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,1986(方国洪,郑文振,陈宗镛,等.潮汐和潮流的分析和预报[M].北京:海洋出版社,1986)
[12]Huang Zuke,Huang Lei.Tidal Theory and Calculation[M].Qingdao:Publishing House of Ocean University of China,2005(黄祖珂,黄磊.潮汐原理与计算[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2005)
[13]Boon J D.Tide and Tidal Current Analysis and Applications,Storm Surges and Sea Level Trends[M].USA:Horwood Publishing Ltd,2004
[14]Liu Ju,Bao Jingyang,Xu Jun.Determination of Chart Datum Based on the Network of Tidal Station[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2015,35(6):24-28(刘聚,暴景阳,许军.基于验潮站组网的深度基准面确定[J].海洋测绘,2015,35(6):24-28)
[15]Ke Hao.Research on the Theory and Implementation Method of Marine Seamless Vertical Reference Surface[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2012(柯灏.海洋无缝垂直基准构建理论和方法研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2012)
[16]Liu Yanchun.Mathematical Models for Hydrographic Datum Transfer[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2000,30(4):310-316(刘雁春.海道测量基准面传递的数学模型[J].测绘学报,2000,30(4):310-316)
[17]Liu Ju,Bao Jingyang,Xu Jun.Application of SemiParametric Model in Water Level Data Pre-Processing[C].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting Symposium of the 28th General Meeting,Shenyang,China,2016(刘聚,暴景阳,许军.基于半参数模型的水位数据预处理方法研究[C].第二十八届海洋综合性学术研讨会,沈阳,2016)
[18]Bao Jingyang,Xu Jun.Tide Analysis from Altimeter Data and the Establishment and Application of Tide Model[M].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,2013(暴景阳,许军.卫星测高数据的潮汐提取与建模应用[M].北京:测绘出版社,2013)
[19]Sun Xiangping.China’s Offshore Waters[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2006(孙湘平.中国近海区域海洋[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006)
[20]Xue Hongchao,Xie Jinzan.Chinese Coastal Zone Hydrology[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,1995(薛鸿超,谢金赞.中国海岸带水文[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995)
[21]Discipline Group of Surveying Adjustment of School of Geodesy and Geomatics of Wuhan University.Error Theory and Foundation of Surveying Adjustment[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2009(武汉大学测绘学院测量平差科学组.误差理论与测量平差基础[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2009)
[22]Naval Command.Specifications for Hydrographic Survey:GB 12327-1998[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1999(海军司令部.海道测量规范:GB 12327-1988[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999)