重大地震灾害对陆表植被影响的对比分析——以中国汶川512和日本311地震为例
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摘要
基于GLASS数据的叶面积指数(LAI)产品、植被覆盖度(FVC)产品以及2010年的全球30m土地利用数据,选取2008年中国汶川512地震的8°以上烈度区(简称"汶川512分析区")和2011年日本311地震陆上6°以上烈度区(简称"日本311分析区")为分析区,从时间和空间的角度研究地震灾害影响下陆地植被变化情况与滞后效应,并比较这两种不同类型重大地震影响下植被响应状况。结果表明:汶川512分析区受地震所诱发的滑坡、泥石流等次生灾害的影响,植被受损程度整体较严重,且受损区主要是在震中附近和烈度中心线两侧,震后植被恢复过程缓慢,周期较长,局部地区甚至难以恢复;而日本311分析区地貌为低矮丘陵和平原,且震源位于太平洋,未诱发次生地质灾害,陆地植被主要受地震诱发的海啸等次生灾害影响,植被受损程度整体较轻,且震后恢复周期较短。
We selected two major earthquakes to analyze their impacts over land vegetation.Datasets used in this paper include the leaf area index(LAI),FVC in GLASS products and 30 mglobal land use data in 2010.We utilized the methodology of time series analysis and spatial statistical analysis.More specifically,the two cases are China Wenchuan 512 earthquake in 2008 and Japan 311 earthquake in 2011.Analysis was done only for the severely affected area,i.e.,more than 8 degrees seismic area of China Wenchuan 512 earthquake(Wenchuan 512 analysis area)and 6 degrees seismic area of Japan 311 earthquake(Japan 311 analysis area).Our results showed that the vegetation in Wenchuan 512 analysis area was affected by secondary disasters such as landslides and debris flows caused by the earthquake.The extent of damaged vegetation was serious,and the damage area was mainly near the epicenter and on the two sides of the intensity center line.After the earthquake,the process of vegetation recovery is slow with a long cycle,and it is difficult to recover in some areas.In Japan 311 analysis area,the situation is somewhat different.Land vegetation was mainly affected by secondary disasters such as tsunamis which were induced by earthquake.The damage degree of vegetation is lighter,and the recovery cycle is shorter.
We selected two major earthquakes to analyze their impacts over land vegetation.Datasets used in this paper include the leaf area index(LAI),FVC in GLASS products and 30 mglobal land use data in 2010.We utilized the methodology of time series analysis and spatial statistical analysis.More specifically,the two cases are China Wenchuan 512 earthquake in 2008 and Japan 311 earthquake in 2011.Analysis was done only for the severely affected area,i.e.,more than 8 degrees seismic area of China Wenchuan 512 earthquake(Wenchuan 512 analysis area)and 6 degrees seismic area of Japan 311 earthquake(Japan 311 analysis area).Our results showed that the vegetation in Wenchuan 512 analysis area was affected by secondary disasters such as landslides and debris flows caused by the earthquake.The extent of damaged vegetation was serious,and the damage area was mainly near the epicenter and on the two sides of the intensity center line.After the earthquake,the process of vegetation recovery is slow with a long cycle,and it is difficult to recover in some areas.In Japan 311 analysis area,the situation is somewhat different.Land vegetation was mainly affected by secondary disasters such as tsunamis which were induced by earthquake.The damage degree of vegetation is lighter,and the recovery cycle is shorter.
引文
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[2]蔡宗磊,包妮沙,刘善军.国产高分一号数据估算草地植被覆盖度方法研究——以呼伦贝尔草原露天煤矿区为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(2):32-38.
[3]毕恺艺,牛铮,黄妮,等.基于Sentinel-2A时序数据和面向对象决策树方法的植被识别[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(5):16-20.
[4]柳稼航.利用遥感技术进行城市建筑物震害的自动识别与分类方法研究[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2003.
[5] CHOU W C,LIN W T,LIN C Y.Vegetation recovery patterns assessment at landslides caused by catastrophic earthquake:A case study in central Taiwan[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2009,152(1-4):245-257.
[6] LIN W T,CHOU W C,LIN C Y.Earthquake-induced landslide hazard and vegetation recovery assessment using remotely sensed data and a neural network-based classifier:A case study in central Taiwan[J].Natural Hazards,2008,47(3):331-347.
[7] LU T,LUO Y,WANG Q,et al.Monitoring vegetation recovery after China’s May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using Landsat TM time-series data:A case study in Mao County[J].Ecological Research,2012,27(5):955-966.
[8] ZHANG J,HULL V,HUANG J,et al.Natural recovery and restoration in giant panda habitat after the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2014,319(1):1-9.
[9] NEHRU P,BALASUBRAMANIAN P.Recovery rate of vegetation in the tsunami impacted littoral forest of Nicobar Islands,India[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2014,313(2):243-253.
[10] LIN C Y,LO H M,CHOU W C,et al.Vegetation recovery assessment at the Jou-Jou Mountain landslide area caused by the921Earthquake in Central Taiwan[J].Ecological Modelling,2004,176(1):75-81.
[11] LIN W T,CHOU W C,LIN C Y,et al.Vegetation recovery monitoring and assessment at landslides caused by earthquake in Central Taiwan[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2005,210(1):55-66.
[12] JIAO Q,ZHANG B,LIU L,et al.Assessment of spatio-temporal variations in vegetation recovery after the Wenchuan earthquake using Landsat data[J].Natural Hazards,2014,70(2):1309-1326.
[13] LIU Y,LIU R,GE Q.Evaluating the vegetation destruction and recovery of Wenchuan earthquake using MODIS data[J].Natural Hazards,2010,54(3):851-862.
[14] LIN C Y,CHUANG C W,LIN W T,et al.Vegetation recovery and landscape change assessment at Chiufenershan landslide area caused by Chichi earthquake in central Taiwan[J].Natural Hazards,2010,53(1):175-194.
[15] DAISUKE H,NAOAKI S,HRIOTO K,et al.Floristic variation of beach vegetation caused by the 2011Tohoku-oki tsunami in northern Tohoku,Japan[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,44(7):227-232.
[16]欧阳志云,徐卫华,王学志,等.汶川大地震对生态系统的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5801-5809.
[17] JIANG W G,JIA K,WU J J,et al.Evaluating the vegetation recovery in the damage area of Wenchuan earthquake using MODIS data[J].Remote Sensing,2015,7(7):8757-8778.
[18] LIU X F,JIANG W G,LI J,et al.Evaluation of the vegetation coverage resilience in areas damaged by the Wenchuan earthquake based on MODIS-EVI data[J].Sensors,2017,17(2):259.
[19]孙雷刚,郑振华.基于RS的近30年滹沱河流域植被覆盖度动态变化研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2014,30(6):36-40.