生态系统服务纳入应对气候变化的可行性与途径探讨
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摘要
将基于生态系统服务的减缓和适应作为最基本的应对气候变化策略,有助于帮助决策者制定出更具成本有效性以及可持续的气候变化解决方案。在分析将生态系统服务纳入我国应对气候变化工作的必要性及可行性的基础上,探讨了基于生态系统服务协同应对减缓和适应气候变化的途径,并针对我国下一步工作提出如下建议:及时将生态系统服务纳入应对气候变化的工作中,通过维护和改善健康的生态系统服务功能来协同应对减缓和适应气候变化,可缓解我国应对气候变化工作面临的严峻形势,同时还能带来更多的发展机遇和发展空间。
Climate change mitigation and adaptation based on the ecosystem services,used as the fundamental part of climate change strategy,can help make more cost effective and more sustainable climate change solutions.The article analyzed the necessity and the feasibility of combination of ecosystem service and climate change strategy,and put forward the way of cooperation between mitigation and adaptation through the ecosystem approach.Based on the above analysis,we reached the conclusion of taking the knowledge involved with ecosystem services into the efforts of tackling climate change timely and of achieving synergies by maintaining and improving a healthy ecosystem,which would not only just help ease the problems of climate change,but also bring in new opportunities and development space.
Climate change mitigation and adaptation based on the ecosystem services,used as the fundamental part of climate change strategy,can help make more cost effective and more sustainable climate change solutions.The article analyzed the necessity and the feasibility of combination of ecosystem service and climate change strategy,and put forward the way of cooperation between mitigation and adaptation through the ecosystem approach.Based on the above analysis,we reached the conclusion of taking the knowledge involved with ecosystem services into the efforts of tackling climate change timely and of achieving synergies by maintaining and improving a healthy ecosystem,which would not only just help ease the problems of climate change,but also bring in new opportunities and development space.
引文
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[2]Ge Quansheng,Qu Jiansheng,Zeng Jingjing,et al.Review on international strategies and trends for adaptation to climate change[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2009,5(6):369-375.[葛全胜,曲建升,曾静静,等.国际气候变化适应战略与态势分析[J].气候变化研究进展,2009,5(6):369-375.]
[3]Liu Yanhua,Qian Fengkui,Wang Wentao,et al.Research of adaptive technology framework of addressing climate change[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2013,23(5):1-6.[刘燕华,钱凤魁,王文涛,等.应对气候变化的适应技术框架研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(5):1-6.]
[4]Pan Tao,Liu Yujie,Zhang Jiutian,et al.Integrated innovation mechanism of technology system for adaptation to climate change[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2012,22(11):1-5.[潘韬,刘玉洁,张九天,等.适应气候变化技术体系的集成创新机制[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(11):1-5.]
[5]Fisher B,Turner R K,Morling P.Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making[J].Ecological Economics,2009,68(3):643-653.
[6]Tallis H,Polasky S.Assessing multiple ecosystem services:An integrated tool for the real world[M]∥Natural Capital:Theory and Practice of Mapping Ecosystem Services.New York,NY:Oxford University Press,2011:34-50.
[7]Ma Fengjiao,Liu Jintong,Egrinya Eneji A.A review of ecosystem services and research perspectives[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(19):5 963-5 972.[马凤娇,刘金铜,Egrinya Eneji A.生态系统服务研究文献现状及不同研究方向评述[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):5 963-5 972.]
[8]García L M,Martín L B,Díaz S,et al.Can ecosystem properties be fully translated into service values?An economic valuation of aquatic plant services[J].Ecological Applications,2011,21(8):3 083-3 103.
[9]Li Shuangcheng,Zhang Caiyu,Liu Jinlong,et al.The tradeoffs and synergies of ecosystem services:Research progress,development trend,and themes of geography[J].Geographical Reserch,2013,32(8):1 379-1 390.[李双成,张才玉,刘金龙,等.生态系统服务权衡与协同研究进展及地理学研究议题[J].地理研究,2013,32(8):1 379-1 390.]
[10]Li Xiaowei,Fu Chao,Liu Jian,et al.Ecosystem-based adaptation:Concept,tools and lessons learned from case studies[J].Progress in Geography,2014,33(7):931-937.[李晓炜,付超,刘健,等.基于生态系统的适应(EBA)——概念、工具和案例[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(7):931-937.]
[11]Wang Weiguang,Zheng Guoguang,Pan Jiahua,et al.Annual Report on Actions to Address Climate Change(2012):Climate Finance and Low Carbon Development[M].Beijing:Social Sciences Academic Press,2012.[王伟光,郑国光,潘家华,等.气候变化绿皮书·应对气候变化报告(2012):气候融资与低碳发展[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2012.]
[12]The UN Economic and Social Council.The World Economy and Society Overview:Promote Development and Save the Earth[R].Beijing,2009.[联合国经济及社会理事会.2009年世界经济和社会概览:促进发展,拯救地球[R].北京,2009.]
[13]Wang J,Huang J,Yan T.Impacts of climate change on water and agricultural production in ten large river basins in China[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(7):1 267-1 278.
[14]Fang Jingyun,Yang Yuanhe,Ma Wenhong,et al.Ecosystem carbon stocks and their changes in China’s grasslands[J].Science in China(Series C),2010,53:757-765,doi:10.1007/s11427-010-4029-x.[方精云,杨元合,马文红,等.中国草地生态系统碳库及其变化[J].中国科学:C辑,2010,40(7):566-576.]
[15]Guo Zhaodi,Hu Huifeng,Li Pin,et al.Spatio-temporal changes in biomass carbon sinks in China’s forests during 1977-2008[J].Science in China(Series C),2013,56,doi:10.1007/s11427-013-4492-2.[郭兆迪,胡会峰,李品,等.1977-2008年中国森林生物量碳汇的时空变化[J].中国科学:C辑,2013,43(5):421-431.]
[16]Liu Lüliu,Xu Hongmei,Ma Shiming.Understanding of climate change impacts,adaption and vulnerability in urban areas and rural areas[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2014,10(4):254-259.[刘绿柳,许红梅,马世铭.气候变化对城市和农村地区的影响、适应和脆弱性研究的认知[J].气候变化研究进展,2014,10(4):254-259.]
[17]Zhao Huiyin.Recent 45 years climate climate change and its effects on ecological environment on Hulunbeier sandy land[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(11):1 817-1 821.[赵慧颖.呼伦贝尔沙地45年来气候变化及其对生态环境的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(11):1 817-1 821.]
[18]Li Lin,Wu Suxia,Zhu Xide,et al.Response of the Plateau Lakes to changes of climate and frozen earth environment in the head waters of the Yellow River since the 21st Century[J].Journal of Nature Sources,2008,23(2):245-253.[李林,吴素霞,朱西德,等.21世纪以来黄河源区高原湖泊群对气候变化的响应[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(2):245-253.]
[19]Wong C P,Bo Jiang,Kinzig A P.Linking ecosystem characteristics to final ecosystem services for public policy[J].Ecology Letters,2015,18:108-118.
[20]Fu Chao,Liu Jian.China and UN-REDD Programme,What They Can do Together to Move the REDD+Agenda Forward?[R].International Ecosystem Management Partnership,2012.