两种生态净化措施对水源水库光学环境的影响
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摘要
为了评估生态净化措施对水体光学环境的影响,以上海金泽水库为例,在微纳米曝气复氧和水生植物净化两种生态净化措施前后布设采样点进行了光学衰减系数(水体光合辐照度(PAR)衰减系数)、真光层深度和透明度及相关水质指标的监测和分析.结果表明:水生植物净化和曝气复氧净化措施有利于水体光学环境的改善,经微纳米曝气后,水体透明度增大20%～25%,真光层深度增大2.2%～14.8%,光学衰减系数降低0.4%～4.4%;经水生植物净化后,水体透明度增大20%～29.4%,真光层深度增大6%～20%,光学衰减系数降低17.3%～20.5%.逐步回归结果表明不同生态净化措施的光学环境改善机制不同,微纳米曝气主要通过叶绿素、溶解性有机物、温度、溶解氧影响水体光学环境,水生植物净化主要通过浊度影响水体光学环境.冬季,两种生态净化措施对总氮和溶解性有机物均没有改善效果.
Photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) attenuation coefficient, euphotic depth, transparency and related water quality indiceswere measured in Jinze Reservoir in Shanghai to evaluate the influence of two ecological purification measures, i.e., aquatic plantpurification and micro nano aeration, on water optical environment. Results showed that the two ecological purification measures couldsignificantly improve the water optical environment. After aeration, transparency was increased by 20%～25% and euphotic depth by2.2%～14.8%; PAR attenuation coefficient was decreased by 0.4%～4.4%. After aquatic plant purification, transparency was increased by20%～29.4% and euphotic depth by 6%～20%; PAR attenuation coefficient was reduced by 17.3%～20.5%. The panel regressions resultsindicated that the influence mechanism of these two ecological purification measures were different. The water optical environment wasimproved by the micro nano aeration through control of chlorophyll, dissolved organic matter, temperature and dissolved oxygen, whileit was improved by aquatic plants through turbidity control. On the other hand, the two ecological purification measures had no influenceon the removal of total nitrogen and dissolved organic matter in winter.
Photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) attenuation coefficient, euphotic depth, transparency and related water quality indiceswere measured in Jinze Reservoir in Shanghai to evaluate the influence of two ecological purification measures, i.e., aquatic plantpurification and micro nano aeration, on water optical environment. Results showed that the two ecological purification measures couldsignificantly improve the water optical environment. After aeration, transparency was increased by 20%～25% and euphotic depth by2.2%～14.8%; PAR attenuation coefficient was decreased by 0.4%～4.4%. After aquatic plant purification, transparency was increased by20%～29.4% and euphotic depth by 6%～20%; PAR attenuation coefficient was reduced by 17.3%～20.5%. The panel regressions resultsindicated that the influence mechanism of these two ecological purification measures were different. The water optical environment wasimproved by the micro nano aeration through control of chlorophyll, dissolved organic matter, temperature and dissolved oxygen, whileit was improved by aquatic plants through turbidity control. On the other hand, the two ecological purification measures had no influenceon the removal of total nitrogen and dissolved organic matter in winter.
引文
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[20]Gu S,Du F.Research on the Purification Effect of Aquatic Plants Based on Grey Clustering Method[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2018,301(1):12118.
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[22]Kim H D,Kim K H.Water Purification Using Aeration Techniques in the Lagoon[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2014,675-677:602-607.
[23]Zhen W,Wang Y,Zhu Y.Effect of solar aeration technology on water treatment of polluted urban river[C]//International Conference on Bioinformatics&Biomedical Engineering,2008:3472-3476.
[24]Hayashi N,Ozaki Y,Sakai F.Role of aquatic animals for water purification on aquatic plant purification system[J].Japanese Journal of Water Treatment Biology.2011,47(3):119-129.
[25]李欢,吴蔚,罗芳丽,等.4种挺水植物、4种沉水植物及其组合群落去除模拟富营养化水体中总氮和总磷的作用比较[J].湿地科学,2016,14(2):163-172.Li H,Wu W,Luo F L,et al.The Comparison of removal effect of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in simulated eutrophic water among4kinds of emergent plants,4 kinds of submerged plants and their mixed communities[J].Wetland Science,2016,14(2):163-172.
[26]于磊.3种挺水植物在不同曝气深度下的生长状况以及对水体中氮、磷去除效果的研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2017.Yu L.The growth of three kinds of emergent water plants at different aeration depths and the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in water were studied[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2017.
[27]向速林,朱梦圆,朱广伟,等.太湖东部湖湾大型水生植物分布对水质的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(11):2881-2887.Xiang S L,Zhu M Y,Zhu G W,et al.Influence of macrophytes on water quality in the eastern bays of Lake Taihu,China[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(11):2881-2887.
[28]Jiang H,Tao W U.The Application of Micro-nano-aeration Technology in Water Environment Treatment[J].Haihe Water Resources,2011,38(2):163-170.
[29]Xiong Y L,Yang X L,Song H L.Review on application of micronano bubble in water treatment and its generator[J].Environmental Engineering,2016,34(6):23-27.
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[2]Oliver R L,Whittington J,Lorenz Z.The influence of vertical mixing.on the photoinhibition of variable chlorophyll a fluorescence and its inclusion in a model of phytoplankton photosynthesis[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2003,25(9):1107-1129.
[3]王玲.富营养化条件下太湖梅梁湾藻类初级生产力的光、温影响研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2016.Wang L.Study on the influence of light and temperature on the primary productivity of algae in meiliang bay of Taihu under eutrophication[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Technology,2016.
[4]Effler S W,Perkins M G,Ohrazda N,et al.Tripton,transparency and light penetration in seven New York reservoirs[J].Hydrobiologia,2002,468(1-3):213-232.
[5]Bachmann R W,Hoyer M V,Canfield D E.Evaluation of recent limnological changes at Lake Apopka[J].Hydrobiologia,2001,448(1-3):19-26.
[6]李一平,逄勇,徐秋霞.动水条件下太湖水体透明度及其影响因子模拟[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(6):625-630.LI Y P,Feng Y,Xu Q X,Simulation of water transparency and its factors in Taihu Lake under hydrodynamic conditions[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Science Edition),2009,37(6):625-630.
[7]贾后磊,苏文,黄华梅,等.海岸带和内陆水体透明度动态变化特征及其主导影响因素[J].光学学报,2018,38(3):230-242.Jia H L,Su W,Huang H M,et al.Dynamic change characteristics and its dominant influencing factors of secchi disk depth in coastal and inland waters[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2018,38(3):230-242.
[8]周红.三峡水库小江回水区水体光学特征与溶解性有机物的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2010.Zhou H.Research on optical properties of water body and dissolved organic matters in xiaojiang river backwater area,three gorges reservoir[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2010.
[9]金鑫,李云梅,王桥,等.基于水下光场结构的巢湖初级生产力评价[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1257-1265.Jin X,Li Y M,Wang Q,et al.Primary productivity evaluation based on underwater light distribution in Chaohu Lake[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(5):1257-1265.
[10]金鑫,李云梅,王桥,等.巢湖水体漫衰减系数特性及其影响因子分析[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1581-1590.Jin X,Li Y M,Wang Q,et al.Analysis of diffuse attenuation coefficient characteristics and impact factors in Chaohu Lake[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(6):1581-1590.
[11]屈月明,蔡庆华,申恒伦,等.丹江口水库不同水文期真光层深度特征及影响因素分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(1):53-59.Qu Y M,Cai Q H,Shen H L,Variation and influencing factors of euphotic depth in danjiangkou reservoir in different hydrological periods[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,23(1):53-59.
[12]时志强,张运林,王明珠,等.长江中下游浅水湖泊水下辐照度漫射衰减特征研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(2):517-524.Shi Z Q,Zhang Y L,Wang M Z,et al.Characteristics of diffuse attenuation coefficient of underwater irradiance in the lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(2):517-524.
[13]张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,等.太湖水体光学衰减系数的分布及其变化特征[J].水科学进展,2003,14(4):347-353.Zhang Y L,Qing B Q,Chen W M,et al.Analysis on distribution and variation of beam attenuation coefficient of Taihu Lake's water[J].Advances in Water Science,2003,14(4):347-353.
[14]Zhou Q,Zhang Y,Li K,et al.Seasonal and spatial distributions of euphotic zone and long-term variations in water transparency in a clear oligotrophic Lake Fuxian,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2018,72(10):5.
[15]薛晓莉,张慧娟,杨文华,等.微纳米气泡技术及其在农业领域的应用[J].农村科技,2017,19(8):65-68.Xue X L,Zhang H J,Yang W H,et al.The Application of Micronano-aeration Technology in agriculture[J].Rural Science and Technology,2017,19(8):65-68.
[16]陆晖,胡湛波,蒋哲,等.微纳米曝气技术对城市景观水体修复的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,21(4):1755-1760.Lu H,Hu Z B,Jiang Z,et al.The influence of Micro-nano-aeration Technology to urban landscape water restoration[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,21(4):1755-1760.
[17]宋英伟,聂志丹,年跃刚,等.城市景观水体曝气与生物膜联合净化技术研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(1):58-62.Song Y W,Nie Z D,Nian Y G,et al.Research of aeration with bio-film technology to treat urban landscape water[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(1):58-62.
[18]鲁飞.景观湖生态净化水系统的应用及研究[J].江西建材,2016,(17):125+124.Lu F.Application and research on ecological water purification system of landscape lake[J].Jiangxi Building Materials,2016,(17):125+124.
[19]钱磊,陈雪初.大型人工水源湖生态净化系统设计[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(22):89-92.Qian L,Chen X C.Design of ecological purification system for a large artificial water source lake[J].China Water&Wastewater,2016,32(22):89-92.
[20]Gu S,Du F.Research on the Purification Effect of Aquatic Plants Based on Grey Clustering Method[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2018,301(1):12118.
[21]Liang S X,Zhang Z R,Wang Y X,et al.Purification of Typical Emergent Aquatic Plant on Eutrophicated Water in Lake Baiyangdian[J].Science Technology&Engineering,2013,13(11):3048-3052.
[22]Kim H D,Kim K H.Water Purification Using Aeration Techniques in the Lagoon[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2014,675-677:602-607.
[23]Zhen W,Wang Y,Zhu Y.Effect of solar aeration technology on water treatment of polluted urban river[C]//International Conference on Bioinformatics&Biomedical Engineering,2008:3472-3476.
[24]Hayashi N,Ozaki Y,Sakai F.Role of aquatic animals for water purification on aquatic plant purification system[J].Japanese Journal of Water Treatment Biology.2011,47(3):119-129.
[25]李欢,吴蔚,罗芳丽,等.4种挺水植物、4种沉水植物及其组合群落去除模拟富营养化水体中总氮和总磷的作用比较[J].湿地科学,2016,14(2):163-172.Li H,Wu W,Luo F L,et al.The Comparison of removal effect of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in simulated eutrophic water among4kinds of emergent plants,4 kinds of submerged plants and their mixed communities[J].Wetland Science,2016,14(2):163-172.
[26]于磊.3种挺水植物在不同曝气深度下的生长状况以及对水体中氮、磷去除效果的研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2017.Yu L.The growth of three kinds of emergent water plants at different aeration depths and the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in water were studied[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2017.
[27]向速林,朱梦圆,朱广伟,等.太湖东部湖湾大型水生植物分布对水质的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(11):2881-2887.Xiang S L,Zhu M Y,Zhu G W,et al.Influence of macrophytes on water quality in the eastern bays of Lake Taihu,China[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(11):2881-2887.
[28]Jiang H,Tao W U.The Application of Micro-nano-aeration Technology in Water Environment Treatment[J].Haihe Water Resources,2011,38(2):163-170.
[29]Xiong Y L,Yang X L,Song H L.Review on application of micronano bubble in water treatment and its generator[J].Environmental Engineering,2016,34(6):23-27.
[30]水和废水监测分析方法[M]4版.中国环境科学出版社,2009:254-257.Water and wastewater monitoring method[M].China Environmental Science Press,2009:254-257.
[31]Reinart A,Arst H,Erm A,et al.Optical and biological properties of Lakeülemiste,a water reservoir of the city of Tallinn II:Light climate in Lakeülemiste[J].Lakes&Reservoirs Research&Management,2001,6(1):75-84.
[32]Zhang Y,Liu X,Yin Y,et al.Predicting the light attenuation coefficient through Secchi disk depth and beam attenuation coefficient in a large,shallow,freshwater lake[J].Hydrobiologia,2012,693(1):29-37.
[33]Huovinen P S,Penttil?H,Soimasuo M R.Spectral attenuation of solar ultraviolet radiation in humic lakes in Central Finland[J].Chemosphere,2003,51(3):205-214.
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