膀胱癌液体活检的研究进展
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摘要
膀胱癌是一种高发病率和致死率的恶性肿瘤疾病,通常情况下在中后期才能被诊断出来,给患者带来了巨大的身心伤害。膀胱镜检查是膀胱癌诊断的金标准,但这种方法具有一定的侵入性,并且在膀胱癌的早期诊断中,灵敏度和特异性较低,容易出现较高的假阳性率。膀胱癌的发生会对血液和尿液的成分产生直接影响,因此非侵入性的液体活检将为膀胱癌的早期诊断带来新的检测方法。本篇综述介绍了基于液体活检的膀胱癌诊断方法的发展进程。首先,对膀胱癌的主要标志物进行了简单介绍。其次,重点总结了以液体(如尿液和血液)为检测对象的膀胱癌诊断方法和诊断机制。除此之外,我们对膀胱癌液体活检面临的机遇和挑战进行了阐述。我们希望这篇综述将为膀胱癌的液体活检提供指导。
Bladder cancer is a kind of malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Usually,it only can be diagnosed at the middle or late stage,causing serious physical and mental harm to patients. Cystoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. However,cystoscopy is invasive to some extent. The limited sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy are also main barriers for achieving the required early and precise diagnosis of bladder cancer. The occurrence of bladder cancer would have a significant impact on the components of blood and urine. In this regard,non-invasive liquid biopsy shows great potential for realizing early bladder cancer diagnosis. This review describes the development of liquid biopsy-based diagnostic methods for bladder cancer. The main biomarkers of bladder cancer are briefly introduced. The diagnostic methods and mechanisms of bladder cancer with liquid( such as urine and blood) as the detection objects are comprehensively discussed. In addition,the opportunities and challenges of liquid biopsy for bladder cancer diagnosis are recommended. We hope this review will provide guidance for bladder cancer-based liquid biopsy techniques.
Bladder cancer is a kind of malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Usually,it only can be diagnosed at the middle or late stage,causing serious physical and mental harm to patients. Cystoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. However,cystoscopy is invasive to some extent. The limited sensitivity and specificity of cystoscopy are also main barriers for achieving the required early and precise diagnosis of bladder cancer. The occurrence of bladder cancer would have a significant impact on the components of blood and urine. In this regard,non-invasive liquid biopsy shows great potential for realizing early bladder cancer diagnosis. This review describes the development of liquid biopsy-based diagnostic methods for bladder cancer. The main biomarkers of bladder cancer are briefly introduced. The diagnostic methods and mechanisms of bladder cancer with liquid( such as urine and blood) as the detection objects are comprehensively discussed. In addition,the opportunities and challenges of liquid biopsy for bladder cancer diagnosis are recommended. We hope this review will provide guidance for bladder cancer-based liquid biopsy techniques.
引文
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[7]Weikert S,Krause H,Wolff I,et al. Quantitative Evaluation of Telomerase Subunits in Urine as Biomarkers for Noninvasive Detection of Bladder Cancer[J]. Int J Cancer,2005,117(2):274-280.
[8]Xylinas E,Kluth L A,Rieken M,et al. Urine Markers for Detection and Surveillance of Bladder Cancer[J]. Urol Oncol,2014,32(3):222-229.
[9] Goodison S,Rosser C J,Urquidi V. Bladder Cancer Detection and Monitoring:Assessment of Urine-and Blood-based Marker Tests[J]. Mol Diagn Ther,2013,17(2):71-84.
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[11]Dobruch J,Daneshmand S,Fisch M,et al. Gender and Bladder Cancer:A Collaborative Review of Etiology,Biology,and Outcomes[J]. Eur Urol,2016,69(2):300-310.
[12]Babjuk M,Oosterlinck W,Sylvester R,et al. EAU Guidelines on Non-Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder,the 2011 Update[J]. Eur Urol,2011,59(6):997-1008.
[13]Kamat A M,Hahn N M,Efstathiou J A,et al. Bladder Cancer[J]. The Lancet,2016,388(10061):2796-2810.
[14]Roupret M,Babjuk M,Comperat E,et al. European Association of Urology Guidelines on Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma:2017 Update[J]. Eur Urol,2018,73(1):111-122.
[15]Ke Z,Lai Y,Ma X,et al. Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer from the Voided Urine Specimens Using Multi-Target Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization[J]. Oncol Lett,2014,7(2):325-330.
[16]Horstmann M,Patschan O,Hennenlotter J,et al. Combinations of Urine-based Tumour Markers in Bladder Cancer Surveillance[J]. Scand J Urol Nephrol,2009,43(6):461-466.
[17]Urquidi V,Kim J,Chang M R,et al. CCL18 in a Multiplex Urine-based Assay for the Detection of Bladder Cancer[J].Plos One,2012,7(5):e37797.
[18]Ritter R,Hennenlotter J,Kuhs U,et al. Evaluation of a New Quantitative Point-of-Care Test Platform for Urine-based Detection of Bladder Cancer[J]. Urol Oncol,2014,32(3):337-344.
[19]Roobol M J,Haese A,Bjartell A. Tumour Markers in Prostate Cancer III:Biomarkers in Urine[J]. Acta Oncol,2011,50:85-89.
[20]Birkenkamp-Demtroder K,Christensen E,Nordentoft I,et al. Monitoring Treatment Response and Metastatic Relapse in Advanced Bladder Cancer by Liquid Biopsy Analysis[J]. Eur Urol,2018,73(4):535-540.
[21]Di Meo A,Bartlett J,Cheng Y,et al. Liquid Biopsy:A Step Forward Towards Precision Medicine in Urologic Malignancies[J]. Mol Cancer,2017,16(1):80.
[22]Chung W,Bondaruk J,Jelinek J,et al. Detection of Bladder Cancer Using Novel DNA Methylation Biomarkers in Urine Sediments[J]. Cancer Epidemiol,2011,20(7):1483-1491.
[23]Eissa S,Habib H,Ali E,et al. Evaluation of Urinary Mirna-96 as a Potential Biomarker for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis[J].Med Oncol,2015,32(1):413.
[24]Bryan R T,Shimwell N J,Wei W,et al. Urinary Ep CAM in Urothelial Bladder Cancer Patients:Characterisation and Evaluation of Biomarker Potential[J]. Br J Cancer,2014,110(3):679-685.
[25]Menendez V,Fernandez-Suarez A,Galan J A,et al. Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer by Analysis of Urinary Fibronectin[J].Urology,2005,65(2):284-289.
[26]Sartini D,Muzzonigro G,Milanese G,et al. Upregulation of Tissue and Urinary Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Bladder Cancer:Potential for the Development of a Urine-based Diagnostic Test[J]. Cell Biochem Biophys,2013,65(3):473-483.
[27]Yang D,Song X,Zhang J,et al. Therapeutic Potential of siRNA-Mediated Combined Knockdown of the IAP Genes(Livin,XIAP,and Survivin)on Human Bladder Cancer T24 Cells[J]. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin,2010,42(2):137-144.
[28]Duan R,Wang B,Zhang T,et al. Sensitive and Bidirectional Detection of Urine Telomerase Based on the Four DetectionColor States of Difunctional Gold Nanoparticle Probe[J]. Anal Chem,2014,86(19):9781-9785.
[29]Li X,Wang Y,Xu J,et al. Sandwich ELISA for Detecting Urinary Survivin in Bladder Cancer[J]. Chinese J Cancer Res,2013,25(4):375-381.
[30]May M,Hakenberg O W,Gunia S,et al. Comparative Diagnostic Value of Urine Cytology,UBC-ELISA,and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization for Detection of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder in Routine Clinical Practice[J].Urology,2007,70(3):449-453.
[31]Konety B R,Nguyen T S T,Brenes G,et al. Clinical Usefulness of the Novel Marker BLCA-4 for the Detection of Bladder Cancer[J]. J Urol,2000,164(3):634-639.
[32]Cheng L,Davison D D,Adams J,et al. Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer:Translational and Clinical Implications[J]. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol,2014,89(1):73-111.
[33]Goodison S,Rosser C J,Urquidi V. Bladder Cancer Detection and Monitoring:Assessment of Urine-and Blood-based Marker Tests[J]. Mol Diagn Ther,2013,17(2):71-84.
[34]Ritter R,Hennenlotter J,Kuhs U,et al. Evaluation of a New Quantitative Point-of-Care Test Platform for Urine-based Detection of Bladder Cancer[J]. Urol Oncol-Semin Ori,2014,32(3):337-344.
[35]Wang J,Wang Y,Hu X,et al. Dual-Aptamers-Conjugated Molecular Modulator for Detecting Bioactive Metal Ions and Inhibiting Metal-Mediated Protein Aggregation[J]. Anal Chem,2019,91(1):823-829.
[36]Li D,Liang L,Tang Y W,et al. Direct and Single-Step Sensing of Primary Ovarian Cancers Related Glycosidases[J].Chinese Chem Lett,2018,DOI:10. 1016/j. cclet. 2018. 12. 022.
[37]Tan Y,Hu X,Liu M,et al. Simultaneous Visualization and Quantitation of Multiple Steroid Hormones Based on SignalAmplified Biosensing with Duplex Molecular Recognition[J]. Chem Eur J,2017,23(44):10683-10689.
[38]Yao Q,Wang Y,Wang J,et al. An Ultrasensitive Diagnostic Biochip Based on Biomimetic Periodic Nanostructure-Assisted Rolling Circle Amplification[J]. ACS Nano,2018,12(7):6777-6783.
[39]Huang C,Wang J,Lv X,et al. Redefining Molecular Amphipathicity in Reversing the“Coffee-Ring Effect”:Implications for Single Base Mutation Detection[J]. Langmuir,2018,34(23):6777-6783.
[40]Wang J,Ma Q,Zheng W,et al. One-Dimensional Luminous Nanorods Featuring Tunable Persistent Luminescence for Autofluorescence-Free Biosensing[J]. ACS Nano,2017,11(8):8185-8191.
[41]Hu X,Wang Y,Liu H,et al. Naked Eye Detection of Multiple Tumor-Related mRNAs from Patients with Photonic-Crystal Micropattern Supported Dual-Modal Upconversion Bioprobes[J]. Chem Sci,2017,8(1):466-472.
[42]He A,Liu T C,Dong Z N,et al. A Novel Immunoassay for the Quantization of CYFRA 21-1 in Human Serum[J]. J Clin Lab Anal,2013,27(4):277-283.
[43]Lou X,Zhuang Y,Zuo X,et al. Real-Time,Quantitative Lighting-up Detection of Telomerase in Urines of Bladder Cancer Patients by AIEgens[J]. Anal Chem,2015,87(13):6822-6827.
[44]Duan R,Zhang Z,Zheng F,et al. Combining Protein and miRNA Quantification for Bladder Cancer Analysis[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2017,9(28):23420-23427.
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