EKG和铁电极加固修复污染土对比研究（英文）
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摘要
本文从理论分析和实验研究两方面综合比较了EKG(Electrokinetic Geosynthetics)电极和铁电极对重金属污染土壤的电渗处理效果。采用电学参数评价加固效果,结果显示温度和电导率之间以及温度与土壤和孔隙水电导率之间具有一定的线性关系。铁电极试验组阴极的平均阴极接触电阻比EKG电极试验组的小60%,而EKG试验组的平均阳极接触电阻比铁电极试验组的小56%。EKG电极试验组和铁电极试验组单位质量污染物的能耗分别为1.895 kJ/g和1.989 kJ/g。电渗后土壤孔隙数量增加,但平均面积减少,平均面积为0.9100～1.0504μm~2。通过微观结构分析,获得了较高的电渗效率,实现了宏观和微观参数间的有效分析和利用。
This study presents a comprehensive comparison of the electro-osmosis treatments of heavy metal contaminated soil using electrokinetic geosynthetics(EKG) and iron electrodes in terms of both theoretical analysis and experimental research. The variation in the electrical parameters was analyzed, and the results show linear relationships between temperature and conductivity and between the soil and pore water conductivities. The average cathode contact resistance of iron is 60% smaller than that of EKG, whereas the average anode contact resistance of EKG is 56% smaller than that of iron. The values of the power consumption per unit mass of contaminants for EKG and iron are 1.895 and 1.989 kJ/g, respectively. After electro-osmosis, the number of soil pores increased, but the average area decreased, with an average area of 0.9100–1.0504 μm~2. Based on microstructure analysis, we obtained higher electroosmotic efficiency and realized the effective analysis and utilization between macroscopic and microscopic parameters.
This study presents a comprehensive comparison of the electro-osmosis treatments of heavy metal contaminated soil using electrokinetic geosynthetics(EKG) and iron electrodes in terms of both theoretical analysis and experimental research. The variation in the electrical parameters was analyzed, and the results show linear relationships between temperature and conductivity and between the soil and pore water conductivities. The average cathode contact resistance of iron is 60% smaller than that of EKG, whereas the average anode contact resistance of EKG is 56% smaller than that of iron. The values of the power consumption per unit mass of contaminants for EKG and iron are 1.895 and 1.989 kJ/g, respectively. After electro-osmosis, the number of soil pores increased, but the average area decreased, with an average area of 0.9100–1.0504 μm~2. Based on microstructure analysis, we obtained higher electroosmotic efficiency and realized the effective analysis and utilization between macroscopic and microscopic parameters.
引文
[1]IWATA M,TANAKA T,JAMI M S.Application of electro-osmosis for sludge dewatering-A review[J].Drying Technology,2013,31(2):170-184.
[2]MAHMOUD A,OLIVIER J,VAXELAIRE J,HOADLEY AF A.Electrical field:A historical review of its application and contributions in wastewater sludge dewatering[J].Water Research,2010,44(8):2381-2407.
[3]TUAN P A,MIKA S,PIRJO I.Sewage sludge electrodewatering treatment-A review[J].Drying Technology,2012,30(7):691-706.
[4]KANIRAJ S R,YEE J H S.Electro-osmotic consolidation experiments on an organic soil[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2011,29(4):505-518.
[5]RISCO C,LOPEZ-VIZCAINO R,SAEZ C,YUSTRES A,CANIZARES P,NAVARRO V,RODRIGO M.Remediation of soils polluted with 2,4-D by electrokinetic soil flushing with facing rows of electrodes:A case study in a pilot plant[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,285:128-136.
[6]FIGUEROA A,CAMESELLE C,GOUVEIA S,HANSEN HK.Electrokinetic treatment of an agricultural soil contaminated with heavy metals[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A:Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering,2016,51(9):691-700.
[7]HE F,GAO J,PIERCE E,STRONG P J,WANG H,LIANGL.In situ remediation technologies for mercurycontaminated soil[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(11):8124-8147.
[8]MULLIGAN C N,YONG R N,GIBBS B F.An evaluation of technologies for the heavy metal remediation of dredged sediments[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2001,85(1,2):145-163.
[9]HU Yu-chen,WANG Zhao,ZHUANG Yan-feng.Experimental studies on electro-osmotic consolidation of soft clay using EKG electrodes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(5):709-714.(in Chinese)
[10]JONES C J F P,LAMONT-BLACK J,GLENDINNING S.Electrokinetic geosynthetics in hydraulic applications[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2011,29(4):381-390.
[11]GLENDINNING S,JONES C J F P,PUGH R C.Reinforced soil using cohesive fill and electrokinetic geosynthetics(EKG)[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,ASCE,2005,5(2):138-146.
[12]FOURIE A B,JONES C J F P.Improved estimates of power consumption during dewatering of mine tailings using electrokinetic geosynthetics(EKGs)[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2010,28(2):181-190.
[13]KALUMBA D,GLENDINNING S,ROGERS C D F,TYRER M,BOARDMAN D I.Dewatering of tunneling slurry waste using electrokinetic geosynthetics[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,ASCE,2009,135(11):1227-1236.
[14]PAPADOPULOS F,SPINELLI M,VALENTE S,FORONI L,ORRICO C,ALVIANO F.Common tasks in microscopic and ultrastructural image analysis using Image J[J].Ultrastructural Pathology,2007,31(6):401-407.
[15]FRIEDMAN S P.Soil properties influencing apparent electrical conductivity:A review[J].Computer and Electronics in Agriculture,2005,46(1-3):45-70.
[16]FETZER C A.Electro-osmotic stabilization of West Branch dam[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,ASCE,1967,93(4):85-106.
[17]TAO Yan-li,ZHOU Jian,GONG Xiao-nan,HU Ping-chuan.Electro-osmotic dehydration of hangzhou sludge with selected electrode arrangements[J].Drying Technology,2016,34(1):66-75.
[18]NIU Q F,FRATTA D,WANG Y H.The use of electrical conductivity measurements in the prediction of hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,522:475-484.
[19]SADEGHALVAD B,AZADMEHR A R,MOTEVALIAN H.Statistical design and kinetic and thermodynamic studies of Ni(II)adsorption on bentonite[J].Journal of Central South University,2017,24(7):1529-1536.
[20]ZHOU Zi-long,DU Xue-ming,CHEN Zhao,ZHAOYun-long.Grouting diffusion of chemical fluid flow in soil with fractal characteristics[J].Journal of Central South University,2017,24(5):1190-1196.
[21]LIU Chun,SHI Bin,TANG Chao-sheng.Quantification and characterization of microporosity by image processing,geometric measurement and statistical methods:application on SEM images of clay materials[J].Applied Clay Science,2011,54(1):97-106.
[22]DATHE A,EINS S,NIEMEYER J,GEROLD G.The surface fractal dimension of the soil-pore interface as measured by image analysis[J].Geoderma,2001,103(1,2):203-229.
[2]MAHMOUD A,OLIVIER J,VAXELAIRE J,HOADLEY AF A.Electrical field:A historical review of its application and contributions in wastewater sludge dewatering[J].Water Research,2010,44(8):2381-2407.
[3]TUAN P A,MIKA S,PIRJO I.Sewage sludge electrodewatering treatment-A review[J].Drying Technology,2012,30(7):691-706.
[4]KANIRAJ S R,YEE J H S.Electro-osmotic consolidation experiments on an organic soil[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2011,29(4):505-518.
[5]RISCO C,LOPEZ-VIZCAINO R,SAEZ C,YUSTRES A,CANIZARES P,NAVARRO V,RODRIGO M.Remediation of soils polluted with 2,4-D by electrokinetic soil flushing with facing rows of electrodes:A case study in a pilot plant[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,285:128-136.
[6]FIGUEROA A,CAMESELLE C,GOUVEIA S,HANSEN HK.Electrokinetic treatment of an agricultural soil contaminated with heavy metals[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A:Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering,2016,51(9):691-700.
[7]HE F,GAO J,PIERCE E,STRONG P J,WANG H,LIANGL.In situ remediation technologies for mercurycontaminated soil[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(11):8124-8147.
[8]MULLIGAN C N,YONG R N,GIBBS B F.An evaluation of technologies for the heavy metal remediation of dredged sediments[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2001,85(1,2):145-163.
[9]HU Yu-chen,WANG Zhao,ZHUANG Yan-feng.Experimental studies on electro-osmotic consolidation of soft clay using EKG electrodes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(5):709-714.(in Chinese)
[10]JONES C J F P,LAMONT-BLACK J,GLENDINNING S.Electrokinetic geosynthetics in hydraulic applications[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2011,29(4):381-390.
[11]GLENDINNING S,JONES C J F P,PUGH R C.Reinforced soil using cohesive fill and electrokinetic geosynthetics(EKG)[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,ASCE,2005,5(2):138-146.
[12]FOURIE A B,JONES C J F P.Improved estimates of power consumption during dewatering of mine tailings using electrokinetic geosynthetics(EKGs)[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2010,28(2):181-190.
[13]KALUMBA D,GLENDINNING S,ROGERS C D F,TYRER M,BOARDMAN D I.Dewatering of tunneling slurry waste using electrokinetic geosynthetics[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,ASCE,2009,135(11):1227-1236.
[14]PAPADOPULOS F,SPINELLI M,VALENTE S,FORONI L,ORRICO C,ALVIANO F.Common tasks in microscopic and ultrastructural image analysis using Image J[J].Ultrastructural Pathology,2007,31(6):401-407.
[15]FRIEDMAN S P.Soil properties influencing apparent electrical conductivity:A review[J].Computer and Electronics in Agriculture,2005,46(1-3):45-70.
[16]FETZER C A.Electro-osmotic stabilization of West Branch dam[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,ASCE,1967,93(4):85-106.
[17]TAO Yan-li,ZHOU Jian,GONG Xiao-nan,HU Ping-chuan.Electro-osmotic dehydration of hangzhou sludge with selected electrode arrangements[J].Drying Technology,2016,34(1):66-75.
[18]NIU Q F,FRATTA D,WANG Y H.The use of electrical conductivity measurements in the prediction of hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,522:475-484.
[19]SADEGHALVAD B,AZADMEHR A R,MOTEVALIAN H.Statistical design and kinetic and thermodynamic studies of Ni(II)adsorption on bentonite[J].Journal of Central South University,2017,24(7):1529-1536.
[20]ZHOU Zi-long,DU Xue-ming,CHEN Zhao,ZHAOYun-long.Grouting diffusion of chemical fluid flow in soil with fractal characteristics[J].Journal of Central South University,2017,24(5):1190-1196.
[21]LIU Chun,SHI Bin,TANG Chao-sheng.Quantification and characterization of microporosity by image processing,geometric measurement and statistical methods:application on SEM images of clay materials[J].Applied Clay Science,2011,54(1):97-106.
[22]DATHE A,EINS S,NIEMEYER J,GEROLD G.The surface fractal dimension of the soil-pore interface as measured by image analysis[J].Geoderma,2001,103(1,2):203-229.