摘要
对传统球场观众暴力解释如观众、体育自带暴力论、观众"乌合之众"论、体育"社会安全阀"论进行质疑,认为这些传统理论解释存在机械化、静态化的不足,应从犯罪学相关理论对球场观众暴力原因进行重新解读。研究认为,球场观众暴力是一种犯罪行为,其发生与犯罪情景直接相联,是球场暴力情景催生了观众球场暴力的发生。通过犯罪学理论中的环境犯罪论、匿名效应、头羊效应、争议错觉、安保漏洞理论重新探讨了球场观众暴力的发生原因。基于犯罪情景预防理论,认为球场观众暴力的消减应该从消除观众匿名感、铲除球场观众暴力犯罪情景线索、提升现场安保水平、与观众建立沟通渠道、打造看台文化、对暴力犯罪者从快公开惩戒等举措来进行预防与消减。
This paper queries on traditional explanations of spectator violence such as spectator,sport self-violence theory,spectator "mob"theory,sports "social safety valve"theory,and believes that these traditional explanation were mechanized and static and we should reinterpret the causes for spectator violence from criminology related theory. Research shows that spectator violence is a kind of criminal behavior,and its occurrence is directly related to the crime scene. It is the scene of violence in the stadium that prompts the occurrence of spectator violence in the stadium.This paper re-explores the causes of spectator violence through the theory of environmental crime,anonymity effect,head-sheep effect,dispute illusion and security loopholes in criminology. Based on the theory of crime scenario prevention,the author holds that the reduction of spectator violence should be carried out by eliminating the anonymity of spectators,eliminating the clues of violent crime scenarios,improving the level of security,establishing communication channels with spectators,building a grandstand culture and punishing violent criminals in public.
引文
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