创新创业教育视角下的“人工智能+新工科”发展模式和路径研究
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摘要
随着人工智能时代的到来、我国创新驱动发展战略的实施,以及高等教育深化改革和"双一流"建设的推进,建设工程教育强国、培养创新创业型卓越工程技术人才,成为当前我国高等教育机构新的使命和价值追求。创新精神、创业意识、创造能力、领导力和批判性思维能力等,有助于学生在竞争日趋激烈的全球化创新经济时代生存、发展并取得竞争优势。然而,当前与创新创业思维、态度、技能和知识相关的内容,尚未体现在我国工程教育的课程设置和教学活动中。鉴于此,从"人工智能+新工科"建设的本质和内涵出发,借鉴欧美高校把创新创业教育融入工程教育的实践经验和研究成果,从界定"人工智能+新工科"建设中创新创业教育的概念入手,并分析在"人工智能+新工科"建设中融入创新创业教育的路径、方式及其重要性,提出应把发展学生的"创新思维、创业意识和创造能力"作为人工智能时代"新工科"人才培养的标准和尺度,以培养具有技术创新能力的创新创业者、企业家或商业领袖等人才。
With the arrival of AI era and the deepening of global innovation-driven social and economic development model and the implementation of China's innovation-driven development strategy, as well as the deepening of China's higher education reform and the construction of "World Class Universities, World Class Disciplines", the reconstruction of engineering education to power China's new economy, new industry by cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial engineering students becomes the current mission and value pursuit of higher education institutions in China. However, for a long time, the spirit of innovation, entrepreneurial awareness, creativity, leadership and critical thinking which are critical in the increasingly competitive global economy, has been ignored in China's engineering education curriculum. On the basis of summarizing the background of the construction of "New Engineering", "Fudan Consensus", "Tianjin University Action Plan" and "Beijing Guidance", this paper, from the essence and connotation of the construction of "New Engineering", draws lessons from the practices and researches on integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education into engineering education in American and European universities to define the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education in the construction of "New Engineering" in China, and analyze the paths, approaches and importance of integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education in the construction of "New Engineering" to develop students' "innovative thinking, entrepreneurial awareness and creative ability" as the "New Engineering" education standards to cultivate "New Engineering" talents.
With the arrival of AI era and the deepening of global innovation-driven social and economic development model and the implementation of China's innovation-driven development strategy, as well as the deepening of China's higher education reform and the construction of "World Class Universities, World Class Disciplines", the reconstruction of engineering education to power China's new economy, new industry by cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial engineering students becomes the current mission and value pursuit of higher education institutions in China. However, for a long time, the spirit of innovation, entrepreneurial awareness, creativity, leadership and critical thinking which are critical in the increasingly competitive global economy, has been ignored in China's engineering education curriculum. On the basis of summarizing the background of the construction of "New Engineering", "Fudan Consensus", "Tianjin University Action Plan" and "Beijing Guidance", this paper, from the essence and connotation of the construction of "New Engineering", draws lessons from the practices and researches on integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education into engineering education in American and European universities to define the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education in the construction of "New Engineering" in China, and analyze the paths, approaches and importance of integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education in the construction of "New Engineering" to develop students' "innovative thinking, entrepreneurial awareness and creative ability" as the "New Engineering" education standards to cultivate "New Engineering" talents.
引文
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[22][36]周绪红.中国工程教育人才培养模式改革创新的现状与展望---在2015国际工程教育论坛上的专题报告[J].高等工程教育研究,2016(1):1-4.
[23]阮俊华.面向工程类学生开展创业教育的意义与路径探析[J].高等工程教育研究,2016(5):44-48.
[24]Duval-Couetil N,Dyrenfurth M.Teaching Students to be Innovators:Examining Competencies and Approaches across Disciplines[J].International Journal of Innovation Science,2012,4(3):143-154.
[25]Uddin Mahbub,L Brooks Hill.Creativity and Entrepreneurial Behavior[J].Journal of Intercultural Communication Studies(ICS),2010(19):3.
[26]Jones,Colin,Jack English.A Contemporary Approach to Entrepreneurship Education[J].Education+Training,2004,46(8/9):416-423.
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[28]Wadhwa,Vivek,Richard Freeman,Ben Rissing.Education and Tech Entrepreneurship[J].Innovations,2010,5(2):141-153.
[29]Albornoz Pardo,Carlos.Is Business Creation the Mean or the End of Entrepreneurship Education:A Multiple Case Study Exploring Teaching Goals in Entrepreneurship Education[J].Journal of Technology Management&Innovation,2013,8(1):1-10.
[30]President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.Sustaining the Nation’s Innovation Ecosystem:Maintaining the Strength of Our Science and Engineering Capabilities[EB/OL].[2017-11-12].http:/www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-04-sciengcapabilities.pdf.
[31]莫诗浦.大学生创新创业教育的基本原则[N].光明日报,2016-07-03.
[32]National Academy of Engineering.Educating the Engineer of 2020:Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century[J].Washington,D C:National Academies Press,2005.
[33]Shartrand,Angela,Phil Weilerstein,Mary Besterfield-Sacre,Katharine Golding.Technology Entrepreneurship Programsin U.S.Engineering Schools:Course and Program Characteristics at the Undergraduate Level[J].American Society for Engineering Education,2010.
[34]Duval-Couetil N,Kisenwether E,Tranquilo J,Wheadon J.Exploring the Alignment of Entrepreneurship Education with ABET Accreditation Criteria[R].National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance Open Conference,2013.
[35]Petersen O,Jordan W,Radharamanan R.Proposed KEEN Initiative Framework for Entrepreneurial Mindedness in Engineering Education[R].American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference,2012.
[37]Orr J A,Eisenstein B A.Summary of Innovations in Electrical Engineering Curricula[J].IEEE Transactions on Education,1994(2):131-135.
[38]Sandeen C A,Hutchinson S.Putting Creativity and Innovation to Work:Continuing Higher Education’s Role in Shifting the Educational Paradigm[J].Continuing Higher Education Review,2010,74:81-92.
[40]Fredholm,Susan,James Krejcarek,Steven Krumholz,Dan Linquist,Sean Munson,Steve Schiffman,John Bourne.Designing an Engineering Entrepreneurship Curriculum for Olin College[J].American Society of Engineering Education,2002.
[41]Bordogna J,Fromm E,Ernst E W.Engineering Education:Innovation through Integration[J].Journal of Engineering Education,1993,82(1):3-8.
[42]Solomon G T,Duffy S,Tarabishy A.The State of Entrepreneurship Education in the United States:A Nationwide Survey and Analysis[J].International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education,2002(1):65-86.
[43]Prince M J,Felder R M.Inductive Teaching and Learning Methods:Definitions,Comparisons,and Research Bases[J].Journal of Engineering Education,2006(2):123.
[44]Brown J S,Collins A,Duguid P.Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning[J].Educational Researcher,1989(1):32-42.
[45]Sithole,Kudakwashe,Sekai Noreen Gore,Kudzanayi Gondo.Critical Success Factors for Public-Private Partnerships in Higher Education:A Review of Literature[J].International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research,2017(1):71-75.
[46]Natasha Singer.Universities Race to Nurture Start-Up Founders of the Future[EB/OL].[2017-01-17].https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/29/technology/universities-race-to-nurture-start-up-founders-ofthe-future.html?_r=0.
[47]许涛,严骊.国际高等教育领域创新创业教育的生态系统模型及应用研究---以美国麻省理工学院为例[J].远程教育杂志,2017(4):15-29.
[48]Kirby David.Changing the Entrepreneurship Education Paradigm[J].Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education,2007,1:21-45.
[49]Green J V,Smith J A,Warner J R.First Year Review of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Program(EIP)at the University of Maryland[J].The Journal of Engineering Entrepreneurship,2012(1):8.
[2]张大良.因时而动返本开新建设发展新工科---在工科优势高校新工科建设研讨会上的讲话[J].中国大学教学,2017(4):1-4.
[3]教育部,人力资源社会保障部,工业和信息化部.制造业人才发展规划指南[EB/OL].[2017-05-10].http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/xw_fbh/moe_2069/xwfbh_2017n/xwfb_170214/170214_sfcl/201702/t20170214_296156.html.
[4]Bodde David L.The Intentional Entrepreneur:Bringing Technology and Engineering to the Real New Economy[M].Armonk,N.Y.:M.E.Sharpe,2004.
[5]教育部高教司.“新工科”建设复旦共识[EB/OL].[2017-05-10].http://www.moe.gov.cn/s78/A08/moe_745/201702/t20170223_297122.html.
[6]教育部高教司.教育部高等教育司关于开展新工科研究与实践的通知[EB/OL].[2017-05-10].http://www.moe.gov.cn/s78/A08/A08_gggs/A08_sjhj/201702/t20170223_297158.html.
[7]教育部高教司.“新工科”建设行动路线(“天大行动”)[EB/OL].[2017-05-09].http://www.moe.gov.cn/s78/A08/moe_745/201704/t20170412_302427.html.
[8]新工科建设形成“北京指南”:新工科研究与实践专家组成立暨第一次工作会议在京召开[DB/OL].[2017-12-12].http://www.moe.edu.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/moe_1485/201706/t20170610_306699.html.
[9]钟登华.新工科建设的内涵与行动[J].高等工程教育研究,2017(5):1-6.
[10]张大良.新工科建设的六个问题导向[N].光明日报,2017-04-18.
[11]包信和.在新工科的“无人区”如何继续一路风行[N].文汇报,2017-02-24.
[12]Steiner C J.Educating for Innovation and Management:The Engineering Educators’Dilemma[J].IEEE Transactions on Education,1998,41(1):1-7.
[13][39]Ridley Dennis.Developing an Entrepreneurial Mindset across the University Curriculum[R].United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship,2016.
[14]Ion Stoica,Dawn Song,Raluca Ada Popa,David Patterson,Michael W Mahoney,Randy Katz,Anthony D Joseph,Michael Jordan,Joseph M Hellerstein,Joseph Gonzalez,Ken Goldberg,Ali Ghodsi,David Culler,Pieter Abbeel.A Berkeley View of Systems Challenges for AI[DB/OL].[2017-12-01].https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/Tech Rpts/2017/EECS-2017-159.pdf.
[15]Ken Goldberg.Op-Ed:Call it Multiplicity:Diverse Groups of People and Machines Working Together[J].Wall Street Journal,2017:21.
[16]David W Cearley,Brian Burke,Samantha Searle,Mike J Walker.Top10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2018[EB/OL].[2017-12-02].https://www.gartner.com/doc/3811368?src Id=1-6595640781.
[17]国务院.新一代人工智能发展规划[DB/OL].[2017-11-28].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-07/20/content_5211996.htm.
[18]Osorio C A.Design Thinking-based Innovation:How to Do It,and How to Teach It?[R].BALAS Annual Conference,2011.
[19]Duval-Couetil N.Assessing the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education Programs:Challenges and Approaches[J].Journal of Small Business Management,2013,51(3):394-409.
[20]李正,钟小彬.美国斯坦福大学技术创业计划探析[J].高等工程教育研究,2013(3):106-114.
[21]徐小洲,臧玲玲.创业教育与工程教育的融合---美国欧林工学院教育模式探析[J].高等工程教育研究,2014(1):103-107.
[22][36]周绪红.中国工程教育人才培养模式改革创新的现状与展望---在2015国际工程教育论坛上的专题报告[J].高等工程教育研究,2016(1):1-4.
[23]阮俊华.面向工程类学生开展创业教育的意义与路径探析[J].高等工程教育研究,2016(5):44-48.
[24]Duval-Couetil N,Dyrenfurth M.Teaching Students to be Innovators:Examining Competencies and Approaches across Disciplines[J].International Journal of Innovation Science,2012,4(3):143-154.
[25]Uddin Mahbub,L Brooks Hill.Creativity and Entrepreneurial Behavior[J].Journal of Intercultural Communication Studies(ICS),2010(19):3.
[26]Jones,Colin,Jack English.A Contemporary Approach to Entrepreneurship Education[J].Education+Training,2004,46(8/9):416-423.
[27]Lee S M,Chang D,Lim S B.Impact of Entrepreneurship Education:A Comparative Study of the U.S.and Korea[J].International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,2005(1):27-43.
[28]Wadhwa,Vivek,Richard Freeman,Ben Rissing.Education and Tech Entrepreneurship[J].Innovations,2010,5(2):141-153.
[29]Albornoz Pardo,Carlos.Is Business Creation the Mean or the End of Entrepreneurship Education:A Multiple Case Study Exploring Teaching Goals in Entrepreneurship Education[J].Journal of Technology Management&Innovation,2013,8(1):1-10.
[30]President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.Sustaining the Nation’s Innovation Ecosystem:Maintaining the Strength of Our Science and Engineering Capabilities[EB/OL].[2017-11-12].http:/www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-04-sciengcapabilities.pdf.
[31]莫诗浦.大学生创新创业教育的基本原则[N].光明日报,2016-07-03.
[32]National Academy of Engineering.Educating the Engineer of 2020:Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century[J].Washington,D C:National Academies Press,2005.
[33]Shartrand,Angela,Phil Weilerstein,Mary Besterfield-Sacre,Katharine Golding.Technology Entrepreneurship Programsin U.S.Engineering Schools:Course and Program Characteristics at the Undergraduate Level[J].American Society for Engineering Education,2010.
[34]Duval-Couetil N,Kisenwether E,Tranquilo J,Wheadon J.Exploring the Alignment of Entrepreneurship Education with ABET Accreditation Criteria[R].National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance Open Conference,2013.
[35]Petersen O,Jordan W,Radharamanan R.Proposed KEEN Initiative Framework for Entrepreneurial Mindedness in Engineering Education[R].American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference,2012.
[37]Orr J A,Eisenstein B A.Summary of Innovations in Electrical Engineering Curricula[J].IEEE Transactions on Education,1994(2):131-135.
[38]Sandeen C A,Hutchinson S.Putting Creativity and Innovation to Work:Continuing Higher Education’s Role in Shifting the Educational Paradigm[J].Continuing Higher Education Review,2010,74:81-92.
[40]Fredholm,Susan,James Krejcarek,Steven Krumholz,Dan Linquist,Sean Munson,Steve Schiffman,John Bourne.Designing an Engineering Entrepreneurship Curriculum for Olin College[J].American Society of Engineering Education,2002.
[41]Bordogna J,Fromm E,Ernst E W.Engineering Education:Innovation through Integration[J].Journal of Engineering Education,1993,82(1):3-8.
[42]Solomon G T,Duffy S,Tarabishy A.The State of Entrepreneurship Education in the United States:A Nationwide Survey and Analysis[J].International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education,2002(1):65-86.
[43]Prince M J,Felder R M.Inductive Teaching and Learning Methods:Definitions,Comparisons,and Research Bases[J].Journal of Engineering Education,2006(2):123.
[44]Brown J S,Collins A,Duguid P.Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning[J].Educational Researcher,1989(1):32-42.
[45]Sithole,Kudakwashe,Sekai Noreen Gore,Kudzanayi Gondo.Critical Success Factors for Public-Private Partnerships in Higher Education:A Review of Literature[J].International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research,2017(1):71-75.
[46]Natasha Singer.Universities Race to Nurture Start-Up Founders of the Future[EB/OL].[2017-01-17].https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/29/technology/universities-race-to-nurture-start-up-founders-ofthe-future.html?_r=0.
[47]许涛,严骊.国际高等教育领域创新创业教育的生态系统模型及应用研究---以美国麻省理工学院为例[J].远程教育杂志,2017(4):15-29.
[48]Kirby David.Changing the Entrepreneurship Education Paradigm[J].Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education,2007,1:21-45.
[49]Green J V,Smith J A,Warner J R.First Year Review of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Program(EIP)at the University of Maryland[J].The Journal of Engineering Entrepreneurship,2012(1):8.