外源补给型页岩气的发现及油气地质意义
|
摘要
野外调查发现,四川盆地及周缘五峰组内发育一套稳定的滑脱层,不仅厚度稳定(0.3~1.5 m),而且产出层位特殊,可能为五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气主产层底部的一套高渗输导层。根据滑脱层对页岩气富集控制作用的差异,可将页岩气分为外源补给型和原位富集型,华地1井和新地2井页岩气的重大发现,初步证实了该划分方案的可操作性。钻探也证实,华地1井投资回本周期与现今页岩气探井投资回本周期相近,滑脱层产生的"面"连通油气输导能力可能高于现今页岩气水平井人工压裂产生的"线"连通油气输导能力。外源补给型页岩气富集规律不仅能解释现今页岩气勘探开发过程中发现的诸多理论问题,而且对其进行深入研究将有助于中国页岩气富集规律和复杂构造区内油气动态成藏机理研究。配套羽状水平井技术将攻克因页岩气水平井压裂导致成本高、环境污染严重的行业技术瓶颈,实现页岩气免压裂商业开发。
According to field survey,it is found that a set of stable detachment layer is developed in Wufeng Formation of Sichuan Basin and its periphery,characterized by stable thickness(0.3-1.5 m)and special occurrence horizons,and may be a set of high-permeability carrier bed at the bottom of chief shale gas horizons in WuFeng-Longmaxi Formation.Based on the differences in the control of detachment layer on the enrichment of shale gas,shale gas can be divided in exogenous-supply type and in-situ enrichment type.Therefore,the operability of this classification scheme is preliminarily validated by agreat discovery of shale gas in Well HD1 and Well XD2.Meanwhile,it is also confirmed through exploratory drilling that the investment return cycle of Well HD1 is similar to that of the current shale-gas exploratory well,and the hydrocarbon transport ability of"connecting planes"caused by detachment layer is greater than that of"connecting lines"generated by the artificial fracturing of shale-gas horizontal well.The enrichment laws of exogenous-supply shale gas not only well explain various problems in the present shale gas exploration and development processes,but also provide assistance in studying the enrichment laws of shale gas in China and the dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms in complicated structural zones.The matched pinnate horizontal well technology is able to break through the industrial technical bottleneck of high cost and severe environmental pollution caused by shale-gas horizontal well fracturing,so as to realize the commercial fracturing-free development of shale gas.
According to field survey,it is found that a set of stable detachment layer is developed in Wufeng Formation of Sichuan Basin and its periphery,characterized by stable thickness(0.3-1.5 m)and special occurrence horizons,and may be a set of high-permeability carrier bed at the bottom of chief shale gas horizons in WuFeng-Longmaxi Formation.Based on the differences in the control of detachment layer on the enrichment of shale gas,shale gas can be divided in exogenous-supply type and in-situ enrichment type.Therefore,the operability of this classification scheme is preliminarily validated by agreat discovery of shale gas in Well HD1 and Well XD2.Meanwhile,it is also confirmed through exploratory drilling that the investment return cycle of Well HD1 is similar to that of the current shale-gas exploratory well,and the hydrocarbon transport ability of"connecting planes"caused by detachment layer is greater than that of"connecting lines"generated by the artificial fracturing of shale-gas horizontal well.The enrichment laws of exogenous-supply shale gas not only well explain various problems in the present shale gas exploration and development processes,but also provide assistance in studying the enrichment laws of shale gas in China and the dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms in complicated structural zones.The matched pinnate horizontal well technology is able to break through the industrial technical bottleneck of high cost and severe environmental pollution caused by shale-gas horizontal well fracturing,so as to realize the commercial fracturing-free development of shale gas.
引文
[1]DAI Jinxing,ZOU Caineng,DONG Dazhong,et al.Geochemical characteristics of marine and terrestrial shale gas in China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,76:444-463.
[2]郭旭升.涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块富集机理与勘探技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:1-346.GUO Xusheng.Enrichment region mechanism and exploration technology in Jiaoshiba of Fuling shale gas area[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014:1-346.
[3]GUO Tonglou,ZHANG Hanrong.Formation and enrichment mode of Jiaoshiba shale gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):31-40.
[4]郭彤楼,刘若冰.复杂构造区高演化程度海相页岩气勘探突破的启示——以四川盆地东部盆缘JY1井为例[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(4):643-651.GUO Tonglou,LIU Ruobing.Implications from marine shale gas exploration breakthrough in complicated structural area at high thermal stage:taking Longmaxi Formation in Well JY1 as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(4):643-651.
[5]ZOU Caineng,DONG Dazhong,WANG Yuman,et al.Shale gas in China:characteristics,challenges and prospects(I)[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(6):753-767.
[6]ZOU Caineng,DONG Dazhong,WANG Yuman,et al.Shale gas in China:characteristics,challenges and prospects(II)[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):182-196.
[7]王道富,高世葵,董大忠,等.中国页岩气资源勘探开发挑战初论[J].天然气工业,2013,33(1):8-17.WANG Daofu,GAO Shikui,DONG Dazhong,et al.A primary discussion on challenges for exploration and development of shale gas resources in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(1):8-17.
[8]ZHANG Dongxiao,YANG Tingyun.Environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing in shale gas development in the United States[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(6):876-883.
[9]ZOU Caineng,DONG Dazhong,WANG Shejiao,et al.Geological characteristics and resource potential of shale gas in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):641-653.
[10]BUSTIN R M,BUSTIN A,ROSS D,et al.Shale gas opportunities and challenges[R].Search and Discovery Articles#40382(2009),2009:20-23.
[11]DUSSEAULT M B.Geomechanical aspects of shale gas development[R].SPE2013-004,2013.
[12]GUO Tonglou.Key geological issues and main controls on accumulation and enrichment of Chinese shale gas[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):349-359.
[13]CURTIS J B.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[14]HAO Fang,ZOU Huayao,LU Yongchao.Mechanisms of shale gas storage:implications for shale gas exploration in China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(8):1325-1346.
[15]JI Wenming,SONG Yan,JIANG Zhenxue,et al.Estimation of marine shale methane adsorption capacity based on experimental investigations of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Upper Yangtze Platform,south China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2015,68:94-106.
[16]ZHANG Tongwei,ELLIS G S,RUPPEL S C,et al.Effect of organic-matter type and thermal maturity on methane adsorption in shale-gas systems[J].Organic Geochemistry,2012,47:120-131.
[17]WANG Shufang,DONG Dazhong,WANG Yuman,et al.Sedimentary geochemical proxies for paleoenvironment interpretation of organic-rich shale:a case study of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation,Southern Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,28:691-699.
[18]ZHAO Jianhua,JIN Zhijun,JIN Zhenkui,et al.Applying sedimentary geochemical proxies for paleoenvironment interpretation of organic-rich shale deposition in the Sichuan Basin,China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2016,163:52-71.
[19]LIANG Chao,JIANG Zaixing,CAO Yingchang,et al.Deep-water depositional mechanisms and significance for unconventional hydrocarbon exploration:a case study from the lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in the southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2016,100(5):773-794.
[20]WU Lanyu,HU Dongfeng,LU Yongchao,et al.Advantageous shale lithofacies of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Fuling gas field of Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):208-217.
[21]纪文明,宋岩,姜振学,等.四川盆地东南部龙马溪组页岩微-纳米孔隙结构特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):182-195.JI Wenming,SONG Yan,JIANG Zhenxue et al Micro-nano pore structure characteristics and its control factors of shale in Longmaxi Formation,southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):182-195.
[22]LIN Botao,CHEN Mian,JIN Yan,et al.Modeling pore size distribution of southern Sichuan shale gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015,26:883-894.
[23]XUE Huaqing,JIANG Peixue,XU Ruina,et al.Characterization of the reservoir in Lower Silurian and Lower Cambrian shale of south Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,29:150-159.
[24]ZENG Lianbo,LYU W,LI Jian,et al.Natural fractures and their influence on shale gas enrichment in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,30:1-9.
[25]HAO Fang,ZOU Huayao.Cause of shale gas geochemical anomalies and mechanisms for gas enrichment and depletion in high-maturity shales[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,44:1-12.
[26]张晓明,石万忠,徐清海,等..四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩气储层特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2015,36(8):926-939,953.ZHANG Xiaoming,SHI Wanzhong,XU Qinghai et al.Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of shale gas in Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(8):926-939,953.
[27]聂海宽,金之钧,边瑞康,等.四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩气“源-盖控藏”富集[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):557-571.NIE Haikuan,JIN Zhijun,BIAN Ruikang et al.The“source-cap hydrocarbon-controlling”enrichment of shale gas in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):557-571.
[28]郭旭升.南方海相页岩气“二元富集”规律——四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气勘探实践认识[J].地质学报,2014,88(7):1209-1218.GUO Xusheng.Rules of two-factor enrichiment for marine shale gas in southern China——understanding from the Longmaxi Formation shale gas in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding area[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(7):1209-1218.
[29]王丽波,久凯,曾维特,等.上扬子黔北地区下寒武统海相黑色泥页岩特征及页岩气远景区评价[J].岩石学报,2013,29(9):3263-3278.WANG Libo,JIU Kai,ZENG Weite,et al.Characteristics of Lower Cambrian marine black shales and evaluation of shale gas prospective area in Qianbei area,Upper Yangtze region[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(9):3263-3278.
[30]LIANG Feng,BAI Wenhua,ZOU Caineng,et al.Shale gas enrichment pattern and exploration significance of Well WuXi-2 in northeast Chongqing,NE Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):386-394.
[31]BORJIGIN T,SHEN Baojian,YU Lingjie,et al.Mechanisms of shale gas generation and accumulation in the Ordovician WufengLongmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):69-78.
[32]包书景.贵州遵义安页1井页岩气、油气调查重大突破成果汇报[C]∥中国地质大讲堂第四讲.2016.BAO Shujing.The report about shale gas and hydrocarbon survey breakthrough gained in AY-1 well[C]∥China Geology Lecture Hall NO.4.2016.
[33]李继庆,黄灿,曾勇,等.一种判别页岩气流动状态的新方法[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(1):100-103.LI Jiqing,HUANG Can,ZHENG Yong,et al.A new method to distinguish shale gas flow states[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(1):100-103.
[34]ZUMBERGE J,FERWORN K,BROWN S.Isotopic reversal(‘rollover’)in shale gases produced from the Mississippian Barnett and Fayetteville Formations[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2012,31(1):43-52.
[35]BURRUSS R C,LAUGHREY C D.Carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversals in deep Basin gas:evidence for limits to the stability of hydrocarbons[J].Organic Geochemistry,2010,41(12):1285-1296.
[36]TILLEY B,MCLELLAN S,HIEBERT S,et al.Gas isotope reversals in fractured gas reservoirs of the western Canadian Foothills:mature shale gases in disguise[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(8):1399-1422.
[37]PRINZHOFER A,PERNATON.Isotopically light methane in natural gas:bacterial imprint or diffusive fractionation?[J].Chemical Geology,1997,142(3/4):193-200.
[38]GUO Tonglou,ZENG Ping.The structural and preservation conditions for shale gas enrichment and high productivity in the Wufeng—Longmaxi Formation,southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Energy Exploration&Exploitation,2015,33(3):259-276.
[39]GUO Tonglou.Evaluation of highly thermally mature shale-gas reservoirs in complex structural parts of the Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Earth Science,2013,24(6):863-873.
[40]魏祥峰,郭彤楼,刘若冰.涪陵页岩气田焦石坝地区页岩气地球化学特征及成因[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(3):539-548.WEI Xiangfeng,GUO Tonglou,LIU Ruobing.Geochemical features of shale gas and their genesis in Jiaoshiba block of Fuling Shale Gasfield,Chongqing[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(3):539-548.
[41]何军,于三公.龙门山推覆体形成机制及其北段含油气性[J].天然气工业,1989,9(3):16-21.HE Jun,YU Sangong.Mechanism forming the Nappe of Longmen mountains and the oil and gas prospects of its northern sector[J].Natural Gas Industry,1989,9(3):16-21.
[42]邹玉涛,段金宝,赵艳军,等.川东高陡断褶带构造特征及其演化[J].地质学报,2015,89(11):2046-2052.ZOU Yutao,DUAN Jinbao,ZHAO Yanjun,et al.Tectonic characteristics and evolution of the high and steep fault folding belt in east Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(11):2046-2052.
[43]MAGARA K.Geological model predicting optimum sandstone per cent for oil accumulation[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1978,26(3):380-388.
[44]GARETH R,CHALMSRS R,MARC B.Lower Cretaceous gas shale of Northeastern British Columbia:geological controls on gas capacity and regional evaluation of a potential resource[R].AAPG Annual Convention,San Antonio,Texas:AAPG,2008.
[45]张顺,刘惠民,宋国奇,等.东营凹陷页岩油储集空间成因及控制因素[J].石油学报,2016,37(12):1495-1507.ZHANG Shun,LIU Huimin,SONG Guoqi,et al.Genesis and control factors of shale oil reserving space in Dongying sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(12):1495-1507.
[46]JARVIE D M,HILL R J,RUBLE T E,et al.Unconventional shale-gas systems:the Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
[47]BOWKER K A.Barnett Shale gas production,Fort Worth Basin:issues and discussion[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533.
[48]戴金星,倪云燕,黄士鹏.四川盆地黄龙组烷烃气碳同位素倒转成因的探讨[J].石油学报,2010,31(5):710-717.DAI Jinxing,NI Yunyan,HUANG Shipeng.Discussion on the carbon isotopic reversal of alkane gases from the Huanglong Formation in the Sichuan Basin,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):710-717.
[49]高波.四川盆地龙马溪组页岩气地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(6):1173-1182.GAO Bo.Geochemical characteristics of shale gas from lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its geological significance[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(6):1173-1182.
[50]GU Zhidong,YIN Jifeng,YUAN Miao,et al.Accumulation conditions and exploration directions of natural gas in deep subsalt SinianCambrian System in the eastern Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):152-166.
[51]FENG Ziqi,LIU Dan,HUANG Shipeng,et al.Carbon isotopic composition of shale gas in the Silurian Longmaxi Formation of the Changning area,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(5):769-777.
[52]陈红汉,孙永传,张启明.应用δ13C瑞利分馏模型判断气藏运聚过程[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(2):29-33.CHEN Honghan,SUN Yongchuan,ZHANG Qiming.Application of theδ13 C Rayleigh fractional model to determine the processes of gas migration and accumulation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1995,22(2):29-33.
[53]田硕夫,杨瑞东.贵州早石炭世岩相古地理演化及页岩气成藏特征[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2016,43(3):291-299.TIAN Shuofu,YANG Ruidong.Lithofacies and Paleogeography evolution and characteristics of shale gas accumulation in Lower Carboniferous,Guizhou,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2016,43(3):291-299.
[54]何江林,刘伟,余谦,等.贵州下石炭统旧司组页岩气地质特征及有利区优选[J].地质科学,2017,52(1):203-217.HE Jianglin,LIU Wei,YU Qian,et al.Geological characteristics of Lower Carboniferous Jiusi shale and its favorable area for shale gas exploration in Guizhou Province[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2017,52(1):203-217.
[55]赵建华,金之钧,金振奎,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩岩相类型与沉积环境[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):572-586.ZHAO Jianhua,JIN Zhijun,JIN Zhenkui et al.Lithofacies types and sedimentary environment of shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):572-586.
[56]REN Jianhua,ZHANG Liang,REN Shaoran,et al.Multi-branched horizontal wells for coalbed methane production:field performance and well structure analysis[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,131:52-64.
[57]REILLY C,NICOL A,WALSH J J,et al.Temporal changes of fault seal and early charge of the Maui Gas-condensate field,Taranaki Basin,New Zealand[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,70:237-250.
[57]CHEN Shangbin,ZHU Yanming,WANG Hongyan,et al.Shale gas reservoir characterisation:a typical case in the southern Sichuan Basin of China[J].Energy,2011,36(11):6609-6616.
[58]武瑾,梁峰,吝文,等.渝东北地区巫溪2井五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气储层及含气性特征[J].石油学报,2017,38(5):512-524.WU Jin,LIANG Feng,LIN Wen et al.Reservoirs characteristics and gas-bearing capacity of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shale in Well WX-2,northeast Chongqing area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,,2017,38(5):512-524.
[59]DAI Jinxing,ZOU Caineng,LIAO Shimeng,et al.Geochemistry of the extremely high thermal maturity Longmaxi shale gas,southern Sichuan Basin[J].Organic Geochemistry,2014,74:3-12.
[2]郭旭升.涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块富集机理与勘探技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:1-346.GUO Xusheng.Enrichment region mechanism and exploration technology in Jiaoshiba of Fuling shale gas area[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014:1-346.
[3]GUO Tonglou,ZHANG Hanrong.Formation and enrichment mode of Jiaoshiba shale gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):31-40.
[4]郭彤楼,刘若冰.复杂构造区高演化程度海相页岩气勘探突破的启示——以四川盆地东部盆缘JY1井为例[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(4):643-651.GUO Tonglou,LIU Ruobing.Implications from marine shale gas exploration breakthrough in complicated structural area at high thermal stage:taking Longmaxi Formation in Well JY1 as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(4):643-651.
[5]ZOU Caineng,DONG Dazhong,WANG Yuman,et al.Shale gas in China:characteristics,challenges and prospects(I)[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(6):753-767.
[6]ZOU Caineng,DONG Dazhong,WANG Yuman,et al.Shale gas in China:characteristics,challenges and prospects(II)[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):182-196.
[7]王道富,高世葵,董大忠,等.中国页岩气资源勘探开发挑战初论[J].天然气工业,2013,33(1):8-17.WANG Daofu,GAO Shikui,DONG Dazhong,et al.A primary discussion on challenges for exploration and development of shale gas resources in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(1):8-17.
[8]ZHANG Dongxiao,YANG Tingyun.Environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing in shale gas development in the United States[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(6):876-883.
[9]ZOU Caineng,DONG Dazhong,WANG Shejiao,et al.Geological characteristics and resource potential of shale gas in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):641-653.
[10]BUSTIN R M,BUSTIN A,ROSS D,et al.Shale gas opportunities and challenges[R].Search and Discovery Articles#40382(2009),2009:20-23.
[11]DUSSEAULT M B.Geomechanical aspects of shale gas development[R].SPE2013-004,2013.
[12]GUO Tonglou.Key geological issues and main controls on accumulation and enrichment of Chinese shale gas[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):349-359.
[13]CURTIS J B.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[14]HAO Fang,ZOU Huayao,LU Yongchao.Mechanisms of shale gas storage:implications for shale gas exploration in China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(8):1325-1346.
[15]JI Wenming,SONG Yan,JIANG Zhenxue,et al.Estimation of marine shale methane adsorption capacity based on experimental investigations of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Upper Yangtze Platform,south China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2015,68:94-106.
[16]ZHANG Tongwei,ELLIS G S,RUPPEL S C,et al.Effect of organic-matter type and thermal maturity on methane adsorption in shale-gas systems[J].Organic Geochemistry,2012,47:120-131.
[17]WANG Shufang,DONG Dazhong,WANG Yuman,et al.Sedimentary geochemical proxies for paleoenvironment interpretation of organic-rich shale:a case study of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation,Southern Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,28:691-699.
[18]ZHAO Jianhua,JIN Zhijun,JIN Zhenkui,et al.Applying sedimentary geochemical proxies for paleoenvironment interpretation of organic-rich shale deposition in the Sichuan Basin,China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2016,163:52-71.
[19]LIANG Chao,JIANG Zaixing,CAO Yingchang,et al.Deep-water depositional mechanisms and significance for unconventional hydrocarbon exploration:a case study from the lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in the southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2016,100(5):773-794.
[20]WU Lanyu,HU Dongfeng,LU Yongchao,et al.Advantageous shale lithofacies of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Fuling gas field of Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):208-217.
[21]纪文明,宋岩,姜振学,等.四川盆地东南部龙马溪组页岩微-纳米孔隙结构特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):182-195.JI Wenming,SONG Yan,JIANG Zhenxue et al Micro-nano pore structure characteristics and its control factors of shale in Longmaxi Formation,southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):182-195.
[22]LIN Botao,CHEN Mian,JIN Yan,et al.Modeling pore size distribution of southern Sichuan shale gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015,26:883-894.
[23]XUE Huaqing,JIANG Peixue,XU Ruina,et al.Characterization of the reservoir in Lower Silurian and Lower Cambrian shale of south Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,29:150-159.
[24]ZENG Lianbo,LYU W,LI Jian,et al.Natural fractures and their influence on shale gas enrichment in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,30:1-9.
[25]HAO Fang,ZOU Huayao.Cause of shale gas geochemical anomalies and mechanisms for gas enrichment and depletion in high-maturity shales[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,44:1-12.
[26]张晓明,石万忠,徐清海,等..四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩气储层特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2015,36(8):926-939,953.ZHANG Xiaoming,SHI Wanzhong,XU Qinghai et al.Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of shale gas in Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(8):926-939,953.
[27]聂海宽,金之钧,边瑞康,等.四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组页岩气“源-盖控藏”富集[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):557-571.NIE Haikuan,JIN Zhijun,BIAN Ruikang et al.The“source-cap hydrocarbon-controlling”enrichment of shale gas in Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):557-571.
[28]郭旭升.南方海相页岩气“二元富集”规律——四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气勘探实践认识[J].地质学报,2014,88(7):1209-1218.GUO Xusheng.Rules of two-factor enrichiment for marine shale gas in southern China——understanding from the Longmaxi Formation shale gas in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding area[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(7):1209-1218.
[29]王丽波,久凯,曾维特,等.上扬子黔北地区下寒武统海相黑色泥页岩特征及页岩气远景区评价[J].岩石学报,2013,29(9):3263-3278.WANG Libo,JIU Kai,ZENG Weite,et al.Characteristics of Lower Cambrian marine black shales and evaluation of shale gas prospective area in Qianbei area,Upper Yangtze region[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(9):3263-3278.
[30]LIANG Feng,BAI Wenhua,ZOU Caineng,et al.Shale gas enrichment pattern and exploration significance of Well WuXi-2 in northeast Chongqing,NE Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):386-394.
[31]BORJIGIN T,SHEN Baojian,YU Lingjie,et al.Mechanisms of shale gas generation and accumulation in the Ordovician WufengLongmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):69-78.
[32]包书景.贵州遵义安页1井页岩气、油气调查重大突破成果汇报[C]∥中国地质大讲堂第四讲.2016.BAO Shujing.The report about shale gas and hydrocarbon survey breakthrough gained in AY-1 well[C]∥China Geology Lecture Hall NO.4.2016.
[33]李继庆,黄灿,曾勇,等.一种判别页岩气流动状态的新方法[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(1):100-103.LI Jiqing,HUANG Can,ZHENG Yong,et al.A new method to distinguish shale gas flow states[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(1):100-103.
[34]ZUMBERGE J,FERWORN K,BROWN S.Isotopic reversal(‘rollover’)in shale gases produced from the Mississippian Barnett and Fayetteville Formations[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2012,31(1):43-52.
[35]BURRUSS R C,LAUGHREY C D.Carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversals in deep Basin gas:evidence for limits to the stability of hydrocarbons[J].Organic Geochemistry,2010,41(12):1285-1296.
[36]TILLEY B,MCLELLAN S,HIEBERT S,et al.Gas isotope reversals in fractured gas reservoirs of the western Canadian Foothills:mature shale gases in disguise[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(8):1399-1422.
[37]PRINZHOFER A,PERNATON.Isotopically light methane in natural gas:bacterial imprint or diffusive fractionation?[J].Chemical Geology,1997,142(3/4):193-200.
[38]GUO Tonglou,ZENG Ping.The structural and preservation conditions for shale gas enrichment and high productivity in the Wufeng—Longmaxi Formation,southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Energy Exploration&Exploitation,2015,33(3):259-276.
[39]GUO Tonglou.Evaluation of highly thermally mature shale-gas reservoirs in complex structural parts of the Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Earth Science,2013,24(6):863-873.
[40]魏祥峰,郭彤楼,刘若冰.涪陵页岩气田焦石坝地区页岩气地球化学特征及成因[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(3):539-548.WEI Xiangfeng,GUO Tonglou,LIU Ruobing.Geochemical features of shale gas and their genesis in Jiaoshiba block of Fuling Shale Gasfield,Chongqing[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(3):539-548.
[41]何军,于三公.龙门山推覆体形成机制及其北段含油气性[J].天然气工业,1989,9(3):16-21.HE Jun,YU Sangong.Mechanism forming the Nappe of Longmen mountains and the oil and gas prospects of its northern sector[J].Natural Gas Industry,1989,9(3):16-21.
[42]邹玉涛,段金宝,赵艳军,等.川东高陡断褶带构造特征及其演化[J].地质学报,2015,89(11):2046-2052.ZOU Yutao,DUAN Jinbao,ZHAO Yanjun,et al.Tectonic characteristics and evolution of the high and steep fault folding belt in east Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(11):2046-2052.
[43]MAGARA K.Geological model predicting optimum sandstone per cent for oil accumulation[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1978,26(3):380-388.
[44]GARETH R,CHALMSRS R,MARC B.Lower Cretaceous gas shale of Northeastern British Columbia:geological controls on gas capacity and regional evaluation of a potential resource[R].AAPG Annual Convention,San Antonio,Texas:AAPG,2008.
[45]张顺,刘惠民,宋国奇,等.东营凹陷页岩油储集空间成因及控制因素[J].石油学报,2016,37(12):1495-1507.ZHANG Shun,LIU Huimin,SONG Guoqi,et al.Genesis and control factors of shale oil reserving space in Dongying sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(12):1495-1507.
[46]JARVIE D M,HILL R J,RUBLE T E,et al.Unconventional shale-gas systems:the Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
[47]BOWKER K A.Barnett Shale gas production,Fort Worth Basin:issues and discussion[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533.
[48]戴金星,倪云燕,黄士鹏.四川盆地黄龙组烷烃气碳同位素倒转成因的探讨[J].石油学报,2010,31(5):710-717.DAI Jinxing,NI Yunyan,HUANG Shipeng.Discussion on the carbon isotopic reversal of alkane gases from the Huanglong Formation in the Sichuan Basin,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):710-717.
[49]高波.四川盆地龙马溪组页岩气地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(6):1173-1182.GAO Bo.Geochemical characteristics of shale gas from lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its geological significance[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(6):1173-1182.
[50]GU Zhidong,YIN Jifeng,YUAN Miao,et al.Accumulation conditions and exploration directions of natural gas in deep subsalt SinianCambrian System in the eastern Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):152-166.
[51]FENG Ziqi,LIU Dan,HUANG Shipeng,et al.Carbon isotopic composition of shale gas in the Silurian Longmaxi Formation of the Changning area,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(5):769-777.
[52]陈红汉,孙永传,张启明.应用δ13C瑞利分馏模型判断气藏运聚过程[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(2):29-33.CHEN Honghan,SUN Yongchuan,ZHANG Qiming.Application of theδ13 C Rayleigh fractional model to determine the processes of gas migration and accumulation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1995,22(2):29-33.
[53]田硕夫,杨瑞东.贵州早石炭世岩相古地理演化及页岩气成藏特征[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2016,43(3):291-299.TIAN Shuofu,YANG Ruidong.Lithofacies and Paleogeography evolution and characteristics of shale gas accumulation in Lower Carboniferous,Guizhou,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2016,43(3):291-299.
[54]何江林,刘伟,余谦,等.贵州下石炭统旧司组页岩气地质特征及有利区优选[J].地质科学,2017,52(1):203-217.HE Jianglin,LIU Wei,YU Qian,et al.Geological characteristics of Lower Carboniferous Jiusi shale and its favorable area for shale gas exploration in Guizhou Province[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2017,52(1):203-217.
[55]赵建华,金之钧,金振奎,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩岩相类型与沉积环境[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):572-586.ZHAO Jianhua,JIN Zhijun,JIN Zhenkui et al.Lithofacies types and sedimentary environment of shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):572-586.
[56]REN Jianhua,ZHANG Liang,REN Shaoran,et al.Multi-branched horizontal wells for coalbed methane production:field performance and well structure analysis[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,131:52-64.
[57]REILLY C,NICOL A,WALSH J J,et al.Temporal changes of fault seal and early charge of the Maui Gas-condensate field,Taranaki Basin,New Zealand[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,70:237-250.
[57]CHEN Shangbin,ZHU Yanming,WANG Hongyan,et al.Shale gas reservoir characterisation:a typical case in the southern Sichuan Basin of China[J].Energy,2011,36(11):6609-6616.
[58]武瑾,梁峰,吝文,等.渝东北地区巫溪2井五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气储层及含气性特征[J].石油学报,2017,38(5):512-524.WU Jin,LIANG Feng,LIN Wen et al.Reservoirs characteristics and gas-bearing capacity of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shale in Well WX-2,northeast Chongqing area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,,2017,38(5):512-524.
[59]DAI Jinxing,ZOU Caineng,LIAO Shimeng,et al.Geochemistry of the extremely high thermal maturity Longmaxi shale gas,southern Sichuan Basin[J].Organic Geochemistry,2014,74:3-12.