Petroleum geological features and exploration prospect of Linhe Depression in Hetao Basin, China
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摘要
After over four decades of exploration, a major breakthrough has been made in the Hetao Basin recently, that is, commercial oil flow of 62.6 m~3/d is tested from the Paleogene Linhe Formation in Well Song 5. A comprehensive study of petroleum geological features of the Linhe Depression reveals that the Langshan fault, Hangwu fault and Huanghe fault controlled the deposition and evolution of the depression and hydrocarbon generation center, and the basin experienced Early Cretaceous depression and Cenozoic faulting. There developed two sets of saline lake hydrocarbon source rocks, Cretaceous Guyang Formation and Paleogene Linhe Formation. The source rocks, dominantly type Ⅱ_1 and Ⅰ, have high abundance of organic matter and large potential of hydrocarbon generation, and their maturity ranges from low mature to over mature owing to wide variation of burial depth. The Guyang Formation and Linhe Formation are the clastic reservoirs, which have good physical properties with burial depth less than 5 000 m. In the Jixi uplift, the weathering fractures in matrix also have storage capacity. Faulted block, faulted anticline and matrix fracture reservoirs are found through exploration. The low mature to mature oil, is generated from Guyang Formation and Linhe Formation. The study shows that the Linhe Depression has rich resources and huge exploration potential, where the main exploration targets are the Guyang and Linhe formations, the favorable exploration areas are the Hangwu fault belt, Jixi uplift belt and the deep sag in the north.
After over four decades of exploration, a major breakthrough has been made in the Hetao Basin recently, that is, commercial oil flow of 62.6 m~3/d is tested from the Paleogene Linhe Formation in Well Song 5. A comprehensive study of petroleum geological features of the Linhe Depression reveals that the Langshan fault, Hangwu fault and Huanghe fault controlled the deposition and evolution of the depression and hydrocarbon generation center, and the basin experienced Early Cretaceous depression and Cenozoic faulting. There developed two sets of saline lake hydrocarbon source rocks, Cretaceous Guyang Formation and Paleogene Linhe Formation. The source rocks, dominantly type Ⅱ_1 and Ⅰ, have high abundance of organic matter and large potential of hydrocarbon generation, and their maturity ranges from low mature to over mature owing to wide variation of burial depth. The Guyang Formation and Linhe Formation are the clastic reservoirs, which have good physical properties with burial depth less than 5 000 m. In the Jixi uplift, the weathering fractures in matrix also have storage capacity. Faulted block, faulted anticline and matrix fracture reservoirs are found through exploration. The low mature to mature oil, is generated from Guyang Formation and Linhe Formation. The study shows that the Linhe Depression has rich resources and huge exploration potential, where the main exploration targets are the Guyang and Linhe formations, the favorable exploration areas are the Hangwu fault belt, Jixi uplift belt and the deep sag in the north.
After over four decades of exploration, a major breakthrough has been made in the Hetao Basin recently, that is, commercial oil flow of 62.6 m~3/d is tested from the Paleogene Linhe Formation in Well Song 5. A comprehensive study of petroleum geological features of the Linhe Depression reveals that the Langshan fault, Hangwu fault and Huanghe fault controlled the deposition and evolution of the depression and hydrocarbon generation center, and the basin experienced Early Cretaceous depression and Cenozoic faulting. There developed two sets of saline lake hydrocarbon source rocks, Cretaceous Guyang Formation and Paleogene Linhe Formation. The source rocks, dominantly type Ⅱ_1 and Ⅰ, have high abundance of organic matter and large potential of hydrocarbon generation, and their maturity ranges from low mature to over mature owing to wide variation of burial depth. The Guyang Formation and Linhe Formation are the clastic reservoirs, which have good physical properties with burial depth less than 5 000 m. In the Jixi uplift, the weathering fractures in matrix also have storage capacity. Faulted block, faulted anticline and matrix fracture reservoirs are found through exploration. The low mature to mature oil, is generated from Guyang Formation and Linhe Formation. The study shows that the Linhe Depression has rich resources and huge exploration potential, where the main exploration targets are the Guyang and Linhe formations, the favorable exploration areas are the Hangwu fault belt, Jixi uplift belt and the deep sag in the north.
引文
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[19]ZHANG Caili,GAO Along,LIU Zhe,et al.Study of character on sedimentary water and palaeoclimate for Chang7 oil layer in Ordos Basin.Natural gas Geoscience,2011,22(4):582-587.
[20]WANG Changyong,ZHENG Rongcai,LIU Zhe,et al.Paleosalinity of Chang 9 reservoir in Longdong area,Ordos Basin and its geological significance.Acta Sedimentologica Sinca,2014,32(1):159-165.
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[22]YUAN Xiaoqi,FU Zhiyan,GENG Guocang,et al.The discovery of tertiary foraminifera and an analysis of their ecological environment in Hetao Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinca,1992,13(2):109-115.
[23]ZHAO Wenzhi,ZOU Caineng,WANG Zecheng,et al.The intension and signification of“Sag-wide Oil-Bearing Theory”in the hydrocarbon-rich depression with terrestrial origin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(2):5-13.
[24]DU Jinhu,WANG Zhaoming,HU Suyun,et al.Formation and geological characteristics of deep giant gas provinces in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt,Tarim Basin,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(4):385-393.
[2]GUO Zhongming,YU Zhongping.Structural characteristics,mechanism of evolution and petroleum prospecting of Hetao Graben system.Petroleum Exploration and Development,1990,17(3):11-20.
[3]ZHAO Mengwei.Characteristics of the fault activity in Hetao Basin and its relation with oil and gas.Journal of Northwest University,1988,18(2):85-94.
[4]JIA Chengzhao,ZHAO Wenzhi,ZOU Caineng,et al.Geological theory and exploration foundation for lithologic and stratigraphic oil and gas reservoirs.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[5]MEN Xiangyong,ZHAO Wenzhi,ZHANG Yan,et al.Characteristics of petroleum geology of Linhe Depression in Hetao Basin.Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(1):20-24.
[6]MEN Xiangyong,ZHAO Wenzhi,LI Xiaodi,et al.Analysis of petroleum geological conditions of key targets for strategic petroleum area selection in Petrochina and suggestions of exploration.Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(9):1064-1067.
[7]YANG Hua,LI Mincai,CUI Yongping.Accumulation condition and exploration prosects of biogenic gas in Hetao Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,2005,10(3):16-21.
[8]KONG Qingfen,LI Jianfeng,LI Mincai,et al.Geochemical characteristics of gas source rock and generation-evolution model of biogenic gas in Hetao Basin.Natural Gas Geoscinece,2008,19(2):238-243.
[9]HU Chaoyuan.Source bed controls hydrocarbon habitat in continental basins,East China.Acta Petrolei Sinica,1982(2):9-13.
[10]CHEN Fahu,FAN Yuxin,MADSEN D B,et al.Preliminary study of the formation mechanism of the“Jilantai-Hetao”megalake and the lave evolutionary history in Hetao region.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(5):866-873.
[11]LI Renwei.Salt-gypsum environment and oil generation.Science China,1988(3):303-313.
[12]LI Renwei.Geologic occurrence of gammacerane and its paleo-environment signification.Chinese Science Bulletin,1988,33(20):1574-1576.
[13]ZHANG Zhihuan,YANG Pan,LI Dongming,et al.Biomarker assemblage characteristics of source rocks and associated crude oils in saline lake facies of Cenozoic in China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(3):119-123.
[14]JIA Chengzao,ZOU Caineng,YANG Zhi,et al.Significant progress of continental petroleum geology theory in basins of central and western China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):546-560.
[15]ZHU Yangming,SU Aiguo,LIANG Digang,et al.Geochemical characteristics and source rock age identification of crude oils in the Qaidam Basin,North China.Acta Geologica Sinica,2003,77(2):272-279.
[16]ZHANG Bin,HE Yuanyuan,CHEN Yan,et al.Geochemical characteristics and oil accumulation significance of the high quality saline lacustrine source rocks in western Qaidam Basin,NW China.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(10):1158-1167.
[17]ZHANG Bin,HE Yuanyuan,CHEN Yan,et al.Formation mechanism of excellent saline lacurstrine source rocks in western Qaidam basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(6):674-685.
[18]HANSON A D.Upper Oligocene lacustrine source rocks and petroleum systems of the northern Qaidam basin,northwest China.AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(4):601-619.
[19]ZHANG Caili,GAO Along,LIU Zhe,et al.Study of character on sedimentary water and palaeoclimate for Chang7 oil layer in Ordos Basin.Natural gas Geoscience,2011,22(4):582-587.
[20]WANG Changyong,ZHENG Rongcai,LIU Zhe,et al.Paleosalinity of Chang 9 reservoir in Longdong area,Ordos Basin and its geological significance.Acta Sedimentologica Sinca,2014,32(1):159-165.
[21]WEN Huaguo,ZHENG Rongcai,TANG Fei,et al.Reconstruction and analysis of paleosalanity and paleoenvironment of the Chang6 member in the Gengwan region,Ordos Basin.Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2008,28(1):114-120.
[22]YUAN Xiaoqi,FU Zhiyan,GENG Guocang,et al.The discovery of tertiary foraminifera and an analysis of their ecological environment in Hetao Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinca,1992,13(2):109-115.
[23]ZHAO Wenzhi,ZOU Caineng,WANG Zecheng,et al.The intension and signification of“Sag-wide Oil-Bearing Theory”in the hydrocarbon-rich depression with terrestrial origin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(2):5-13.
[24]DU Jinhu,WANG Zhaoming,HU Suyun,et al.Formation and geological characteristics of deep giant gas provinces in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt,Tarim Basin,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(4):385-393.