基于赫巴流体的页岩气大位移水平井裸眼延伸极限分析
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摘要
大位移水平井的裸眼延伸极限主要与环空压耗和地层破裂压力等因素有关,不同的钻井液流变模式又会对环空压耗的描述产生较大的影响,而赫巴模式能够更好地模拟实际钻井液的流变特性。为此,建立了基于赫巴流体的页岩气储层大位移水平井裸眼延伸极限模型,进而用实际案例分析了赫巴流体的基本流变参数(流性指数、稠度系数、屈服值)和主要钻进参数(机械钻速、钻井液密度、钻杆转速)对大位移水平井水平段延伸极限的影响,并将其与幂律流体模型计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)在同样的条件下,采用赫巴流体所得结果小于采用幂律流体计算的结果,新预测模型可靠性更好;(2)通过参数的敏感性分析可知,水平段延伸极限会随着上述3个基本流变参数和机械钻速的增加而减小,而该极限值会随着钻井液密度的增加而先增加后减小,它也会随着钻杆转速的增加而增加。结论认为:所给出的赫巴流体流变参数和钻进参数的优选方法,有助于解决大位移水平井在页岩储层中究竟可以打多远的问题,并且更加精确地预测了其裸眼延伸极限。
The open-hole extension limit of an extended-reach horizontal well is mainly controlled by annulus pressure loss and formation breakdown pressure, and the description of annulus pressure loss is greatly affected by the rheological pattern of drilling fluids. The actual rheological behavior of drilling fluids can be better simulated in the Hershel–Bulkley model. In this paper, a model for the open-hole extension limit of an extended-reach horizontal well in shale gas reservoirs was developed based on the Hershel–Bulkley fluids. Then, the effect of basic rheological parameters(e.g. liquidity index, consistency coefficient and yield value) and main drilling parameters(e.g. rate of penetration, drilling fluid density and drill pipe rotation) of Hershel–Bulkley fluids on the extension limit of horizontal section of an extended-reach horizontal well were investigated through case studies, and compared with the calculation results of the power-law fluid model. It is shown that, in the same condition, the result based on Hershel–Bulkley fluids is lower than that of the power-law fluid, indicating that the new prediction model is more reliable. Parameter sensitivity analysis shows that the extension limit of horizontal section decreases with the increase of three basic rheological parameters and the penetration rate, but increases with the increase of drill pipe rotation. Besides, it increases and then decreases with the increase of drilling fluid density. It is concluded that this optimization method for rheological and drilling parameters of Hershel–Bulkley fluids is conducive to solving the running distance of extended-reach horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs and predicting its open-hole extension limit.
The open-hole extension limit of an extended-reach horizontal well is mainly controlled by annulus pressure loss and formation breakdown pressure, and the description of annulus pressure loss is greatly affected by the rheological pattern of drilling fluids. The actual rheological behavior of drilling fluids can be better simulated in the Hershel–Bulkley model. In this paper, a model for the open-hole extension limit of an extended-reach horizontal well in shale gas reservoirs was developed based on the Hershel–Bulkley fluids. Then, the effect of basic rheological parameters(e.g. liquidity index, consistency coefficient and yield value) and main drilling parameters(e.g. rate of penetration, drilling fluid density and drill pipe rotation) of Hershel–Bulkley fluids on the extension limit of horizontal section of an extended-reach horizontal well were investigated through case studies, and compared with the calculation results of the power-law fluid model. It is shown that, in the same condition, the result based on Hershel–Bulkley fluids is lower than that of the power-law fluid, indicating that the new prediction model is more reliable. Parameter sensitivity analysis shows that the extension limit of horizontal section decreases with the increase of three basic rheological parameters and the penetration rate, but increases with the increase of drill pipe rotation. Besides, it increases and then decreases with the increase of drilling fluid density. It is concluded that this optimization method for rheological and drilling parameters of Hershel–Bulkley fluids is conducive to solving the running distance of extended-reach horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs and predicting its open-hole extension limit.
引文
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[9]梁文利.柴油基钻井液在涪陵礁石坝区块页岩气储层的应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,2014,37(3):64-69.Liang Wenli.Application of diesel-based drilling fluid to shale-gas reservoirs in Jiaoshiba block,Fuling[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2014,37(3):64-69.
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[12]王红岩,刘玉章,董大忠,赵群,杜东.中国南方海相页岩气高效开发的科学问题[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):574-579.Wang Hongyan,Liu Yuzhang,Dong Dazhong,Zhao Qun,Du Dong.Scientific issues on effective development of marine shale gas in southern China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(5):574-579.
[13]Sonowal K,Bennetzen B,Wong KM,Isevcan E.How contin-uous improvement lead to the longest horizontal well in the world[C]//SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition,17-19March 2009,Amsterdam,The Netherlands.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/119506-MS.
[14]Gupta VP,Yeap AHP,Fischer KM,Mathis RS,Egan MJ.Expanding the extended reach envelope at Chayvo Field,Sakhalin Island[C]//IADC/SPE Drilling Conference and Exhibition,4-6 March 2014,Fort Worth,Texas,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/168055-MS.
[15]覃成锦,高德利,唐海雄,魏宏安.南海流花超大位移井井身结构设计方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2006,28(1):13-14.Qin Chengjin,Gao Deli,Tang Haixiong,Wei Hong'an.Casing program design method for Liuhua mega-extended-reach wells in South China Sea[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2006,28(1):13-14.
[16]Gao Deli,Tan Chengjin,Tang Haixiong.Limit analysis of extended reach drilling in South China Sea[J].Petroleum Science,2009,6(2):166-171.
[17]孙腾飞,高德利.水平井钻井轨迹设计与控制一体化方法[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2013.Sun Tengfei,Gao Deli.Research on well trajectory design&control in horizontal drilling[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum(Beijing),2013.
[18]罗伟,付建红,宋科熊,许超.大位移井水平井极限延伸长度预测研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(35):10623-10627.Luo Wei,Fu Jianhong,Song Kexiong,Xu Chao.Prediction of limit extension length of horizontal extended-reach well[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(35):10623-10627.
[19]吴朗.小井眼窄间隙注水泥设计与软件系统研制[D].成都:西南石油大学,2012.Wu Lang.Design and software development of narrow gap system cementing in slim hole drilling[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2012.
[20]步玉环,王瑞和,程荣超.油气固井纤维水泥浆性能研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(2):25-27.Bu Yuhuan,Wang Ruihe,Cheng Rongchao.Performance of fiber cement slurry for well cementation[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2005,27(2):25-27.
[21]王乐顶.页岩气水平井固井前置液体系研究及应用[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014.Wang Leding.Research and application of shale gas horizontal well cementing pre-fluid system[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2014.
[22]王斌斌,王瑞和,步玉环.不同流态下水泥浆环空顶替的数值模拟研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2010,27(3):76-78.Wang Binbin,Wang Ruihe,Bu Yuhuan.Numerical simulation on cementing displacement in different flow patterns[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2010,27(3):76-78.
[23]Martins AL,Arag?o AFL,Calderon A,Leal RAF,Magalh?es JVM.Silva RA.Hydraulic limits for drilling and completing long horizontal deepwater wells[C]//SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium and Western Regional Meeting,16-18 March 2004,Bakersfield,California,USA.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/86923-MS.
[24]樊洪海.实用钻井流体力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2013.Fan Honghai.Fluid mechanics of practical drilling[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2013.
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