大气CO_2浓度升高对不同层次水稻土有机碳稳定性的影响
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摘要
研究大气CO_2浓度升高对不同层次土壤有机碳(SOC)稳定性的影响对深入理解高浓度CO_2下SOC转化具有重要意义.以FACE(Free Air Carbon-dioxide Enrichment)平台长期定位试验水稻土为研究对象,通过SOC物理分级及矿化培养试验,研究大气CO_2浓度升高对稻田SOC含量、颗粒有机质(POM)含量、SOC矿化强度和酶活性变化的影响,探讨CO_2浓度升高对不同层次稻田SOC稳定性的影响.结果表明:大气CO_2浓度升高对表层SOC含量无显著影响,但使表层土壤POM-C显著增加了93.7%,同时使表层土壤蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性分别提高了61.1%和83.7%,从而降低了表层SOC稳定性;大气CO_2浓度升高对深层SOC含量及其稳定性均无显著影响.研究结果将有助于评估土壤固定和储备碳的能力,为今后温室效应下农田管理提供科学依据.
It is vital to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration on the soil organic carbon( SOC) stability in different soil layers for better understanding the mechanism of SOC transformation under the elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration. The paddy soil in a long-term FACE( Free Air Carbon-dioxide Enrichment) experiment was selected as the research object.Through the SOC physical fractionation and soil mineralization incubation,the effects of elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration on the soil organic carbon( SOC) content,particle organic matter( POM) content,SOC mineralization intensity,and enzyme activities were measured. Then,the effects of elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration on the SOC stability in different layers were examined. The results showed that the elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration had no significant effect on SOC content,but significantly increased the POM-C content by 93. 7% and the invertase and polyphenol oxidase activities by 61.1% and 83.7% in the topsoil layer,respectively. These results indicated that SOC stability of topsoil was reduced under the elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration. However,the elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration had no significant effect on the SOC stability of deep soil layer. Our results would help assess the capacity of soil sequestrated and accumulated organic carbon and provide basis for scientific management of farmland under greenhouse effect in the future.
It is vital to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration on the soil organic carbon( SOC) stability in different soil layers for better understanding the mechanism of SOC transformation under the elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration. The paddy soil in a long-term FACE( Free Air Carbon-dioxide Enrichment) experiment was selected as the research object.Through the SOC physical fractionation and soil mineralization incubation,the effects of elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration on the soil organic carbon( SOC) content,particle organic matter( POM) content,SOC mineralization intensity,and enzyme activities were measured. Then,the effects of elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration on the SOC stability in different layers were examined. The results showed that the elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration had no significant effect on SOC content,but significantly increased the POM-C content by 93. 7% and the invertase and polyphenol oxidase activities by 61.1% and 83.7% in the topsoil layer,respectively. These results indicated that SOC stability of topsoil was reduced under the elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration. However,the elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration had no significant effect on the SOC stability of deep soil layer. Our results would help assess the capacity of soil sequestrated and accumulated organic carbon and provide basis for scientific management of farmland under greenhouse effect in the future.
引文
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[31]Xu Q(徐乔).Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2on Soil Organic Carbon in Rice Paddy Filed.Master Thesis.Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014(in Chinese)
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[36]Kalbitz K,Schwesig D,Rethemeyer J,et al.Stabilization of dissolved organic matter by sorption to the mineral soil.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37:1319-1331
[37]Ma L(马力),Yang L-Z(杨林章),Ci E(慈恩),et al.Humus composition and stable carbon isotope natural abundance in paddy soil under long-term fertilization.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2008,19(9):1951-1958(in Chinese)
[38]Ross DJ,Tate KR,Feltham CW.Microbial biomass,and C and N mineralization,in litter and mineral soil of adjacent montane ecosystems in a southern beech(Nothofagus)forest and a tussock grassland.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1996,28:1613-1620
[39]Li Y-P(李艳鹏),He T-X(贺同鑫),Wang Q-K(王清奎).Impact of fertilization on soil organic carbon and enzyme activities in a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2016,35(10):2722-2731(in Chinese)
[40]Yang W-Q(杨万勤),Wang K-Y(王开运).Advances on soil enzymology.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology(应用与环境生物学报),2002,8(5):564-570(in Chinese)
[2]Lin ZB,Zhang RD.Dynamics of soil organic carbon under uncertain climate change and elevated atmospheric CO2.Pedosphere,2012,22:489-496
[3]Cao H-J(曹宏杰),Ni H-W(倪红伟).Research progress on the effects of elevated CO2concentration on carbon cycling.Ecology and Environmental Sciences(生态环境学报),2013,22(11):1846-1852(in Chinese)
[4]Ziegler SE,Billings SA.Soil nitrogen status as a regulator of carbon substrate flows through microbial communities with elevated CO2.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2011,116:1198-1204
[5]Li XF,Han SJ,Guo ZL,et al.Changes in soil microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities under elevated CO2affect fine root decomposition processes in a Mongolian oak ecosystem.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42:1101-1107
[6]Chen XM,Liu JX,Deng Q,et al.Effects of elevated CO2and nitrogen addition on soil organic carbon fractions in a subtropical forest.Plant and Soil,2012,357:25-34
[7]Guo J,Zhang M,Zhang L,et al.Responses of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved nitrogen in surface water and soil to CO2enrichment in paddy field.Agriculture,Ecosystem and Environment,2011,140:273-279
[8]Li Z(李忠),Sun B(孙波),Lin X-X(林心雄).Density of soil organic carbon and the factors controlling its turnover in East China.Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),2001,21(4):301-307(in Chinese)
[9]Gregorich EG,Gillespie AW,Beare MH,et al.Evaluating biodegradability of soil organic matter by its thermal stability and chemical composition.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,91:182-191
[10]Inubushi K,Cheng W,Mizuno T,et al.Microbial biomass carbon and methane oxidation influenced by rice cultivars and elevated CO2in a Japanese paddy soil.European Journal of Soil Science,2011,62:69-73
[11]Nie Y-Y(聂阳意),Wang H-H(王海华),Li X-J(李晓杰),et al.Characteristics of soil organic carbon mineralization in low altitude and high altitude forests in Wuyi Mountains,southeastern China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2018,29(3):748-756(in Chinese)
[12]Kang X-L(康熙龙).Effects of Biochar Addition on Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization and Soil Aggregate Composition and Organic Carbon Distribution.Master Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015(in Chinese)
[13]Liu G(刘钢),Han Y(韩勇),Zhu J-G(朱建国),et al.Rice-wheat rotational FACE platform.I.System structure and control.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2002,13(10):1253-1258(in Chinese)
[14]Zimmermann M,Leifeld AJ,Schmidt MWI,et al.Measured soil organic matter fractions can be related to pools in the Roth C model.European Journal of Soil Science,2007,58:658-667
[15]Cai ZC,Laughlin RJ,Stevens RJ.Nitrous oxide and dinitrogen emissions from soil under different water regimes and straw amendment.Chemosphere,2001,42:113-121
[16]Hao R-J(郝瑞军),Li Z-P(李忠佩),Che Y-P(车玉萍),et al.Organic carbon mineralization in various size aggregates of paddy soil under aerobic and submerged conditions.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2008,19(9):1944-1950(in Chinese)
[17]Li J(李季),Wu H-S(吴洪生),Gao Z-Q(高志球),et al.Impact of phosphogypsum wastes on the wheat growth and CO2emissions and evaluation of economic-environmental benefit.Environmental Science(环境科学),2015,36(8):3099-3105(in Chinese)
[18]Guan S-Y(关松荫).Soil Enzymes and Research Methods.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,1986(in Chinese)
[19]Sillen WMA,Dieleman WIJ.Effects of elevated CO2and N fertilization on plant and soil carbon pools of managed grasslands:A meta-analysis.Biogeosciences,2012,9:2247-2258
[20]Hungate BA,Van Groenigen KJ,Six J,et al.Assessing the effect of elevated carbon dioxide on soil carbon:A comparison of four meta-analyses.Global Change Biology,2009,15:2020-2034
[21]Yue J,Shi Y,Zheng XH,et al.The influence of freeair CO2enrichment on microorganisms of a paddy soil in the rice-growing season.Applied Soil Ecology,2007,35:154-162
[22]Sheng H(盛浩),Zhou P(周萍),Yuan H(袁红),et al.Profile distribution characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in different types of subtropical paddy soils.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2013,32(7):1698-1702(in Chinese)
[23]Xie J-S(谢锦升),Yang Y-S(杨玉盛),Chen G-S(陈光水),et al.Advances on soil particulate organic matter.Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment(亚热带资源与环境学报),2009,4(4):43-52(in Chinese)
[24]Guan S(关松),Dou S(窦森),Zhang D-J(张大军),et al.Responses of fractions of soil humus to free-air CO2enrichment.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2006,20(5):186-188(in Chinese)
[25]Zhang J,Tang XL,He XH,et al.Glomalin-related soil protein responses to elevated CO2and nitrogen addition in a subtropical forest:Potential consequences for soil carbon accumulation.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,83:142-149
[26]Julius BA,Maria LS,Sutie X,et al.Management intensification effects on autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration in subtropical grasslands.Ecological Indicators,2015,56:6-14
[27]Tim DC,Maria HL,Gerd D,et al.Predicting soil organic matter stability in agricultural fields through carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,88:29-38
[28]Wu J-G(吴建国),Zhang X-Q(张小全),Wang Y-H(王彦辉),et al.The effects of land use changes on the distribution of soil organic carbon in physical fractionation of soil.Scientia Silvae Sinicae(林业科学),2002,38(4):19-29(in Chinese)
[29]Li Z-P(李志萍),Wu F-Z(吴福忠),Yang W-Q(杨万勤),et al.Soil invertase and urease activities at different periods in subalpine forest gap in western Sichuan.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2015,35(12):3919-3925(in Chinese)
[30]Diamantidis G,Effosse A,Potier P,et al.Purification and characterization of the first bacterial laccase in the rhizospheric bacterium Azospirillum lipoferum.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2000,32:919-927
[31]Xu Q(徐乔).Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2on Soil Organic Carbon in Rice Paddy Filed.Master Thesis.Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014(in Chinese)
[32]Sleutel S,Kader MA,Begum SA,et al.Soil-organicmatter stability in sandy cropland soils is related to landuse history.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2010,173:19-29
[33]Plante AF,Fernández JM,Haddix ML,et al.Biological,chemical and thermal indices of soil organic matter stability in four grassland soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43:1051-1058
[34]Updegraff K,Pastor J,Bridgham SD,et al.Environmental and substrate controls over carbon and nitrogen mineralization in northern wetlands.Ecological Applications,1995,5:151-163
[35]Shen F-F(沈芳芳),Yuan Y-H(袁颖红),Fan H-B(樊后保),et al.Effects of elevated nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon mineralization and soil enzyme activities in a Chinese fir plantation.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2012,32(2):517-527(in Chinese)
[36]Kalbitz K,Schwesig D,Rethemeyer J,et al.Stabilization of dissolved organic matter by sorption to the mineral soil.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37:1319-1331
[37]Ma L(马力),Yang L-Z(杨林章),Ci E(慈恩),et al.Humus composition and stable carbon isotope natural abundance in paddy soil under long-term fertilization.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2008,19(9):1951-1958(in Chinese)
[38]Ross DJ,Tate KR,Feltham CW.Microbial biomass,and C and N mineralization,in litter and mineral soil of adjacent montane ecosystems in a southern beech(Nothofagus)forest and a tussock grassland.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1996,28:1613-1620
[39]Li Y-P(李艳鹏),He T-X(贺同鑫),Wang Q-K(王清奎).Impact of fertilization on soil organic carbon and enzyme activities in a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2016,35(10):2722-2731(in Chinese)
[40]Yang W-Q(杨万勤),Wang K-Y(王开运).Advances on soil enzymology.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology(应用与环境生物学报),2002,8(5):564-570(in Chinese)