阴晴天条件下高CO_2浓度对杂交稻光合作用影响的FACE研究
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摘要
光和二氧化碳(CO_2)是绿色植物光合作用的两个基本条件.为了明确不同光照条件下,高CO_2浓度对不同杂交水稻光合特性的影响,2017年利用稻田大型FACE平台,以‘Y两优900’和‘甬优538’为供试材料,设置环境CO_2和高CO_2浓度(增200μmol·mol~(-1))两个水平,分别在拔节期和灌浆期同时测定阴、晴天气条件下顶部全展叶光合特性参数.结果表明:高CO_2浓度使不同天气情况下两品种叶片的净同化率(P_n)均呈增加趋势,其中晴天条件下的增幅(31%)大于阴天(25%),拔节期的增幅(37%)大于灌浆期(21%),CO_2与天气、CO_2与生育期均存在显著的互作效应.叶片水分利用效率(WUE)对高CO_2浓度的响应趋势与P_n一致.高CO_2浓度环境下叶片气孔导度(g_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)均呈下降趋势,晴天条件下的降幅略大于阴天.与晴天相比,阴天条件下叶片P_n、g_s、T_r、WUE和L_s平均分别下降41%、18%、41%、26%和27%,差异均达显著或极显著水平.相关分析表明,晴天P_n、g_s、T_r均与阴天时的参数呈极显著正相关关系.表明阴天使水稻生育中、后期叶片光合参数及其对高CO_2浓度的响应均大幅降低,且两品种表现一致.评估未来水稻产量潜力需要考虑天气条件.
Light and carbon dioxide(CO_2) are two essential components for plant photosynthesis. To understand the effects of elevated CO_2 concentration on photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid rice under different light conditions, two hybrid rice varieties(YLY900 and YY538) were grown in the field using a free-air CO_2 enrichment facility(FACE) in 2017 with two CO_2 concentration treatments(ambient CO_2 and elevated 200 μmol·mol~(-1) above ambient CO_2), the photosynthesis traits of top full expansion leaves were measured in both sunny and cloudy days at jointing and grain filling stages. Elevated CO_2 increased net photosynthetic rate(P_n) of two rice varieties. The increase in sunny days(31%) was greater than in cloudy days(21%), and the increase at jointing stage(37%) was greater than at grain filling stage(21%). There were significant interactions between CO_2 with weather, and between CO_2 with growth stage. Water use efficiency(WUE) of leaves in response to elevated CO_2 showed the similar trend as P_n. Elevated CO_2 decreased stomatal conduc-tance(g_s) and transpiration rate(T_r), and the decreases in sunny days were greater than that in cloudy days. The P_n, g_s, T_r, WUE and stomatal limit(L_s) measured in cloudy days were significantly lower than that measured in sunny days by 41%, 18%, 41%, 26% and 27%, respectively. Results from the correlation analyses showed that the P_n, g_s, and T_r in sunny days were significantly positively correlated with the corresponding parameters in cloudy days. The results indicated that cloudy weather conditions reduced photosynthesis and its response to elevated CO_2 of two hybrids rice varieties at middle and late growth stages. Therefore, weather variation should be considered when assess rice yield potential in the future environment.
Light and carbon dioxide(CO_2) are two essential components for plant photosynthesis. To understand the effects of elevated CO_2 concentration on photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid rice under different light conditions, two hybrid rice varieties(YLY900 and YY538) were grown in the field using a free-air CO_2 enrichment facility(FACE) in 2017 with two CO_2 concentration treatments(ambient CO_2 and elevated 200 μmol·mol~(-1) above ambient CO_2), the photosynthesis traits of top full expansion leaves were measured in both sunny and cloudy days at jointing and grain filling stages. Elevated CO_2 increased net photosynthetic rate(P_n) of two rice varieties. The increase in sunny days(31%) was greater than in cloudy days(21%), and the increase at jointing stage(37%) was greater than at grain filling stage(21%). There were significant interactions between CO_2 with weather, and between CO_2 with growth stage. Water use efficiency(WUE) of leaves in response to elevated CO_2 showed the similar trend as P_n. Elevated CO_2 decreased stomatal conduc-tance(g_s) and transpiration rate(T_r), and the decreases in sunny days were greater than that in cloudy days. The P_n, g_s, T_r, WUE and stomatal limit(L_s) measured in cloudy days were significantly lower than that measured in sunny days by 41%, 18%, 41%, 26% and 27%, respectively. Results from the correlation analyses showed that the P_n, g_s, and T_r in sunny days were significantly positively correlated with the corresponding parameters in cloudy days. The results indicated that cloudy weather conditions reduced photosynthesis and its response to elevated CO_2 of two hybrids rice varieties at middle and late growth stages. Therefore, weather variation should be considered when assess rice yield potential in the future environment.
引文
[1] Lai S-K (赖上坤). Effect of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on Rice Growth and Yield under Different Conditions. Master Thesis. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2015 (in Chinese)
[2] Che HZ, Shi GY, Zhang XY, et al. Analysis of 40 years of solar radiation data from China, 1961-2000. Geophysi-cal Research Letters, 2005, 32: L06803
[3] IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Climate change 2007: The physical science basis// Solo-mon S, Qin D, Manning M, eds. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007: 996
[4] Wild M. Global dimming and brightening: A review. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2009, 114: D00D16, doi: 10.1029/2008JD011470
[5] Wilson JW, Hand DW, Hannah MA. Light interception and photosynthesis efficiency in some glasshouse crops. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1992, 43: 363-373
[6] Campbell BM, Vermeulen SJ, Aggarwal PK, et al. Reducing risks to food security from climate change. Global Food Security, 2016, 11: 34-43
[7] Wang R, Bowling LC, Cherkauer KA, et al. Biophysical and hydrological effects of future climate change including trends in CO2, in the St. Joseph River watershed, Eastern Corn Belt. Agricultural Water Management, 2017, 180: 280-296
[8] van Groenigen KJ, van Kessel C, Hungate BA. Inc-reased greenhouse-gas intensity of rice production under future atmospheric conditions. Nature Climate Change, 2013, 3: 288-291
[9] Kazemi S, Eshghizadeh HR, Zahedi M. Responses of four rice varieties to elevated CO2 and different salinity levels. Rice Science, 2018, 25: 142-151
[10] Sun Y-Y (孙园园), Sun Y-J (孙永健), Chen L (陈林), et al. Effects of different sowing dates and low-light stress at heading stage on the physiological characteristics and grain yield of hybrid rice. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2012, 23(10): 2737-2744 (in Chinese)
[11] Li X (李霞), Liu Y-L (刘友良), Jiao D-M (焦德茂). The relationship between diurnal variation of fluorescence parameters and characteristics of adaptation to light intensity in leaves of different rice varieties with high yield (Oryza sativa L.). Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2003, 28(2): 145-153 (in Chinese)
[12] Qin J-Q (秦建权), Li D-Q (李迪秦), Zhang Y-B (张运波), et al. Effects of shading on growth and yield formation of rice. Crop Research (作物研究), 2007, 21(5): 598-603 (in Chinese)
[13] Du Y-X (杜彦修), Ji X (季新), Zhang J (张静), et al. Research progress on the impacts of low light intensity on rice growth and development. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2013, 21(11): 1307-1317 (in Chinese)
[14] Jiao D-M (焦德茂), Ji B-H (季本华), Yan J-M (严建民), et al. The varietal difference of rice adaptation to high and low light intensity. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 1996, 22(6): 668-672 (in Chinese)
[15] Kimball BA, Kobayashi K, Bindi M. Responses of agricultural crops to free-air CO2 enrichment. Advances in Agronomy, 2002, 77: 293-368
[16] Wang Y-X (王云霞), Yang L-X (杨连新), Manderscheid R, et al. Progresses of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) researches on C4 crops: A review. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2011, 31(5): 1450-1459 (in Chinese)
[17] Xie L-Y (谢立勇), Jiang L (姜乐), Feng Y-X (冯永祥), et al. Impacts of elevated CO2 and increasing temperature on rice photosynthesis and yield in North China under FACE system. Journal of China Agricultural University (中国农业大学学报), 2014, 19(3): 101-107 (in Chinese)
[18] Wang DR, Bunce JA, Tomecek MB, et al. Evidence for divergence of response in Indica, Japonica, and wild rice to high CO2 × temperature interaction. Global Change Biology, 2016, 22: 2620-2632
[19] Shao Z-S (邵在胜), Zhao Y-P (赵轶鹏), Song Q-L (宋琪玲), et al. Impact of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone concentrations on leaf photosynthesis of ‘Shanyou 63’ hybrid rice. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2014, 22(4): 422-429 (in Chinese)
[20] Yuan M-M (袁嫚嫚), Zhu J-G (朱建国), Liu G (刘钢), et al. Response of diurnal variation in photosynthesis to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature of rice between cloudy and sunny days: A free air CO2 enrichment study. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2018, 38(6): 1897-1907 (in Chinese)
[21] Zhou N (周宁), Shen S-B (沈士博), Jing L-Q (景立权), et al. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on diurnal courses of photosynthesis in leaves of Japonica rice. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2016, 35(9): 2404-2416 (in Chinese)
[22] Yuan M-M (袁嫚嫚), Zhu J-G (朱建国), Liu G (刘钢), et al. Responses of diurnal variation of flag-leaf photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigment content to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature of Japonica rice during late growth stage: A FACE study. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2018, 29(1): 167-175 (in Chinese)
[23] Jing L-Q (景立权), Lai S-K (赖上坤), Wang Y-X (王云霞), et al. Combined effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on growth and development of rice: A research review. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2016, 36(14): 4254-4265 (in Chinese)
[24] Jing L-Q (景立权), Zhao X-Y (赵新勇), Zhou N (周宁), et al. Effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration on photosynthetic diurnal variation characteristics of hybrid rice: A FACE study. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2017, 37(6): 2033-2044 (in Chinese)
[25] China meteorological administration (中国气象局). Historical weather in Yangzhou[EB/OL] (2017-12-01)[2018-08-01].http://tianqi.2345.com/wea_history/71367.htm
[26] Cure JD, Acock B. Crop responses to carbon dioxide doubling: A literature survey. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1986, 38: 127-145
[27] Chen GY, Yong ZH, Liao Y, et al. Photosynthetic acclimation in rice leaves to free air CO2 enrichment related to both Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylation limitation and Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate regeneration limitation. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2005, 46: 1036-1045
[28] Chen CP, Sakai H, Tokida T, et al. Do the rich always become richer? Characterizing the leaf physiological response of the high-yielding rice cultivar Takanari to free-air CO2 enrichment. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2014, 55: 381-391
[29] Shimono H, Okada M, Yamakawa Y, et al. Rice yield enhancement by elevated CO2 is reduced in cool weather. Global Change Biology, 2008, 14: 276-284
[30] Cai C, Li G, Yang H, et al. Do all leaf photosynthesis parameters of rice acclimate to elevated CO2, elevated temperature, and their combination, in FACE environments? Global Change Biology, 2018, 24: 1685-1707
[2] Che HZ, Shi GY, Zhang XY, et al. Analysis of 40 years of solar radiation data from China, 1961-2000. Geophysi-cal Research Letters, 2005, 32: L06803
[3] IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Climate change 2007: The physical science basis// Solo-mon S, Qin D, Manning M, eds. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007: 996
[4] Wild M. Global dimming and brightening: A review. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2009, 114: D00D16, doi: 10.1029/2008JD011470
[5] Wilson JW, Hand DW, Hannah MA. Light interception and photosynthesis efficiency in some glasshouse crops. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1992, 43: 363-373
[6] Campbell BM, Vermeulen SJ, Aggarwal PK, et al. Reducing risks to food security from climate change. Global Food Security, 2016, 11: 34-43
[7] Wang R, Bowling LC, Cherkauer KA, et al. Biophysical and hydrological effects of future climate change including trends in CO2, in the St. Joseph River watershed, Eastern Corn Belt. Agricultural Water Management, 2017, 180: 280-296
[8] van Groenigen KJ, van Kessel C, Hungate BA. Inc-reased greenhouse-gas intensity of rice production under future atmospheric conditions. Nature Climate Change, 2013, 3: 288-291
[9] Kazemi S, Eshghizadeh HR, Zahedi M. Responses of four rice varieties to elevated CO2 and different salinity levels. Rice Science, 2018, 25: 142-151
[10] Sun Y-Y (孙园园), Sun Y-J (孙永健), Chen L (陈林), et al. Effects of different sowing dates and low-light stress at heading stage on the physiological characteristics and grain yield of hybrid rice. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2012, 23(10): 2737-2744 (in Chinese)
[11] Li X (李霞), Liu Y-L (刘友良), Jiao D-M (焦德茂). The relationship between diurnal variation of fluorescence parameters and characteristics of adaptation to light intensity in leaves of different rice varieties with high yield (Oryza sativa L.). Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2003, 28(2): 145-153 (in Chinese)
[12] Qin J-Q (秦建权), Li D-Q (李迪秦), Zhang Y-B (张运波), et al. Effects of shading on growth and yield formation of rice. Crop Research (作物研究), 2007, 21(5): 598-603 (in Chinese)
[13] Du Y-X (杜彦修), Ji X (季新), Zhang J (张静), et al. Research progress on the impacts of low light intensity on rice growth and development. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2013, 21(11): 1307-1317 (in Chinese)
[14] Jiao D-M (焦德茂), Ji B-H (季本华), Yan J-M (严建民), et al. The varietal difference of rice adaptation to high and low light intensity. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 1996, 22(6): 668-672 (in Chinese)
[15] Kimball BA, Kobayashi K, Bindi M. Responses of agricultural crops to free-air CO2 enrichment. Advances in Agronomy, 2002, 77: 293-368
[16] Wang Y-X (王云霞), Yang L-X (杨连新), Manderscheid R, et al. Progresses of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) researches on C4 crops: A review. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2011, 31(5): 1450-1459 (in Chinese)
[17] Xie L-Y (谢立勇), Jiang L (姜乐), Feng Y-X (冯永祥), et al. Impacts of elevated CO2 and increasing temperature on rice photosynthesis and yield in North China under FACE system. Journal of China Agricultural University (中国农业大学学报), 2014, 19(3): 101-107 (in Chinese)
[18] Wang DR, Bunce JA, Tomecek MB, et al. Evidence for divergence of response in Indica, Japonica, and wild rice to high CO2 × temperature interaction. Global Change Biology, 2016, 22: 2620-2632
[19] Shao Z-S (邵在胜), Zhao Y-P (赵轶鹏), Song Q-L (宋琪玲), et al. Impact of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone concentrations on leaf photosynthesis of ‘Shanyou 63’ hybrid rice. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2014, 22(4): 422-429 (in Chinese)
[20] Yuan M-M (袁嫚嫚), Zhu J-G (朱建国), Liu G (刘钢), et al. Response of diurnal variation in photosynthesis to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature of rice between cloudy and sunny days: A free air CO2 enrichment study. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2018, 38(6): 1897-1907 (in Chinese)
[21] Zhou N (周宁), Shen S-B (沈士博), Jing L-Q (景立权), et al. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on diurnal courses of photosynthesis in leaves of Japonica rice. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2016, 35(9): 2404-2416 (in Chinese)
[22] Yuan M-M (袁嫚嫚), Zhu J-G (朱建国), Liu G (刘钢), et al. Responses of diurnal variation of flag-leaf photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigment content to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature of Japonica rice during late growth stage: A FACE study. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2018, 29(1): 167-175 (in Chinese)
[23] Jing L-Q (景立权), Lai S-K (赖上坤), Wang Y-X (王云霞), et al. Combined effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on growth and development of rice: A research review. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2016, 36(14): 4254-4265 (in Chinese)
[24] Jing L-Q (景立权), Zhao X-Y (赵新勇), Zhou N (周宁), et al. Effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration on photosynthetic diurnal variation characteristics of hybrid rice: A FACE study. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2017, 37(6): 2033-2044 (in Chinese)
[25] China meteorological administration (中国气象局). Historical weather in Yangzhou[EB/OL] (2017-12-01)[2018-08-01].http://tianqi.2345.com/wea_history/71367.htm
[26] Cure JD, Acock B. Crop responses to carbon dioxide doubling: A literature survey. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1986, 38: 127-145
[27] Chen GY, Yong ZH, Liao Y, et al. Photosynthetic acclimation in rice leaves to free air CO2 enrichment related to both Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylation limitation and Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate regeneration limitation. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2005, 46: 1036-1045
[28] Chen CP, Sakai H, Tokida T, et al. Do the rich always become richer? Characterizing the leaf physiological response of the high-yielding rice cultivar Takanari to free-air CO2 enrichment. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2014, 55: 381-391
[29] Shimono H, Okada M, Yamakawa Y, et al. Rice yield enhancement by elevated CO2 is reduced in cool weather. Global Change Biology, 2008, 14: 276-284
[30] Cai C, Li G, Yang H, et al. Do all leaf photosynthesis parameters of rice acclimate to elevated CO2, elevated temperature, and their combination, in FACE environments? Global Change Biology, 2018, 24: 1685-1707