电石渣-赤泥混合烧结过程有害气体释放特性
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摘要
为研究电石渣-赤泥混合烧结回收氧化铝过程中所产生的气态污染,采用Fact Sage7.1热化学数据库和电石渣实测数据模拟计算了体系升温过程中有害组S,F,P的迁移转化过程及气相产物。结果表明:升温过程中S元素主要以固相CaS形态存在;温度达到925℃时,体系中的F以气态HF的形式开始释放,但大量F仍以固体11CaO·7Al_2O_3·CaF_2形态存在;1 175℃时,含P固体Ca_5(PO_4)_3(OH)全部转化为固相Fe3P和少量含P气态污染物(PH_3,P_2),且PH_3释放量随温度的升高而增大;整个温度区间内(75—1 250℃),S,F,P未形成液态渣相。
In order to investigate the gaseous pollutions during alumina recovery by sintering mixed carbide slag and red mud,the composition of carbide slag was measured. The migration,transformation and gas phase products of the S-,F-,and P-containing species in the heating system were calculated by Fact Sage 7. 1 thermo-chemical software and databases. The results show that S mainly exists as solid phase of CaS. At calcination temperature of925 ℃,the gaseous HF start to appear,while a large amount of F remains in the solid phase of 11 CaO·7 Al_2O_3·CaF_2. The P in the solid of Ca_5(PO_4)_3(OH) is transformed to solid of Fe_3 P and a small amount of P-containing gas phase products(PH_3 and P_2) when the temperature reached 1 175 ℃. The release amounts of PH_3 increase with the increase of temperature. S,F,and P cannot be changed into slag phase in the entire temperature region(75-1 250 ℃).
In order to investigate the gaseous pollutions during alumina recovery by sintering mixed carbide slag and red mud,the composition of carbide slag was measured. The migration,transformation and gas phase products of the S-,F-,and P-containing species in the heating system were calculated by Fact Sage 7. 1 thermo-chemical software and databases. The results show that S mainly exists as solid phase of CaS. At calcination temperature of925 ℃,the gaseous HF start to appear,while a large amount of F remains in the solid phase of 11 CaO·7 Al_2O_3·CaF_2. The P in the solid of Ca_5(PO_4)_3(OH) is transformed to solid of Fe_3 P and a small amount of P-containing gas phase products(PH_3 and P_2) when the temperature reached 1 175 ℃. The release amounts of PH_3 increase with the increase of temperature. S,F,and P cannot be changed into slag phase in the entire temperature region(75-1 250 ℃).
引文
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[2]薛生国,李晓飞,孔祥峰,等.赤泥碱性调控研究进展[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(8):2815-2828.
[3]SUN Rongyue,LI Yingjie,ZHAO Jianli,et al.CO2capture using carbide slag modified by propionic acid in calcium looping process for hydrogen production[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(31):13655-13663.
[4]XUE Shengguo,KONG Xiangfeng,ZHU Feng,et al.Proposal for management and alkalinity transformation of bauxite residue in China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(13):12822-12834.
[5]LOCKWOOD C L,STEWART D I,MORTIMER R J G,et al.Leaching of copper and nickel in soil-water systems contaminated by bauxite residue(red mud)from Ajka,Hungary:the importance of soil organic matter[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(14):10800-10810.
[6]邓琪,王琪,黄启飞,等.层次分析法评价电石渣资源化利用途径的研究[J].现代化工,2010,30(2):85-90.
[7]肖慧霞,徐美玲,李风海,等.赤泥综合利用的研究进展[J].应用化工,2015,44(10):1930-1933.
[8]纪利春,相亚军.电石渣烧结法从赤泥回收氧化铝[J].无机盐工业,2016,48(2):68-70.
[9]BALE C W,BELISLE E,CHARTRAND P,et al.FactSage thermochemical software and databases—recent developments[J].Calphad,2009,33(2):295-311.
[10]BALE C W,BELISLE E,CHARTRAND P,et al.FactSage thermochemical software and databases,2010-2016[J].Calphad,2016,54:35-53.
[11]YAN Bei,MA Liping,MA Jun,et al.Mechanism analysis of Ca,S transformation in phosphogypsum decomposition with Fe catalyst[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2014,53(18):7648-7654.
[12]LIU Hongpan,MA Liping,HUANG Xiaofeng,et al.Phase transformation of glass-ceramics produced by naturally cooled yellow phosphorus slag during calcination[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,712:510-516.
[13]WU Dongyin,WANG Yuhao,WANG Yang,et al.Release of alkali metals during cofiring biomass and coal[J].Renewable Energy,2016,96:91-97.
[14]LI Peisen,LI Huanyong,JIE Wanqi.Stabilization of lanthanum sulfides with different dopants[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Materials Science Edition,2012,27(3):529-533.
[15]蒋明,黄小凤,刘红盼,等.电石渣资源化应用研究进展[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(12):4025-4031.
[16]GUO Cuiping,SHANG Shunli,DU Zhenmin,et al.Thermodynamic modeling of the Ca O-Ca F2-Al2O3system aided by first-principles calculations[J].Calphad,2015,48:113-122.
[17]张妙鹤,唐安江,汤正河,等.四氯化硅和四氟化硅的研究比较[J].现代化工,2012,32(6):34-38.
[18]陈冠荣.化工百科全书[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1997.
[19]孙志立,杜建学.电热法制磷[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2010.
[20]薛兴勇,崔学民,昝青峰,等.羟基磷灰石热稳定性研究进展[J].材料导报,2010,24(9):66-70.
[21]蒋明,王重华,黄小凤,等.黄磷炉渣热态成型资源化过程的二次污染预测[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,47(3):1078-1084.
[22]朱晓辉,邱臻哲,白倩,等.磷化工副产磷铁的利用研究进展[J].无机盐工业,2015,47(2):6-8.
[23]WANG Zhonghua,JIANG Ming,NING Ping,et al.Thermodynamic modeling and gaseous pollution prediction of the yellow phosphorus production[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2011,50(21):12194-12202.
[24]GIER T E.HCP,a unique phosphorus compound[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,1961,83(7):1769-1770.
[25]GAUMONT A C,DENIS J M.Preparation,characterization,and synthetic potential of unstable compounds containing phosphorus-arbon multiple bonds[J].Chemical Reviews,1994,94(5):1413-1439.